LAW ANDORDER

WHATI
SLAW?
Lawcanbedef
inedast
hesetofr
ulesandr
egul
ati
onsputt
oget
hert
ogui
deapar
ti
cul
ar
soci
ety
.

I
t’
sar
ulebackedbyt
hepoweroft
heaut
hor
it
ies,
whi
chgov
ernt
hebahav
iouroft
he
soci
etyi
nquest
ion.

Lawi
sadocument
edcodeofr
egul
ati
onsandconductexpect
edofaci
ti
zenand
accept
edbysoci
ety
.Iti
smeantt
okeeppeace,
orderandst
abi
l
ityi
nsoci
ety
.

Asoci
etyhast
oputdownwhati
tbel
i
evest
obet
hegui
del
i
nesofwhatmustbedoneand
whatmi
ghtnotbedone.

Al
awcomesi
ntobei
ngandal
socomesi
ntof
orcewheni
tispr
omul
gat
edori
smade
knownt
othosei
tbi
nds.I
tmustbepubl
i
shedi
nsuchamannert
hati
tcanbeknown
r
eadi
l
y,t
hougheachsubj
ectneednotbegi
venper
sonal
not
ice.

Agoodexampl
eofl
awi
sthecur
rentconst
it
uti
onoft
heRepubl
i
cofUgandawhi
chwas
adopt
edandenact
edt
hrought
heconst
it
uentAssembl he22nddayofSept
yont ember
1995.
Howev
eri
twasnotunt
ilhe8thdayofOct
t ober1995t
hati
twaspr
omul
gat
edt
othe
ent
ir
epeopl
ewhom i
tbi
nds.

I
ntheOl
dTest
ament
,theI
srael
i
teswer
egi
venov
er600l
awsatMountSi
nai
whi
chwer
e
bot
hci
vi
landdi
vi
ne(
i.
e.comi
ngdi
rect
lyf
rom God)
.

Ev
enwi
thi
nthet
encommandment
sofGod,
ther
ear
elawswhi
char
emeantt
ost
reaml
i
ne
man’
srel
ati
onshi
pwi
thGodandal
soman’
srel
ati
onshi
pwi
thf
ell
owman.
I
nfact
,thef
ir
stf
ourcommandment
sdescr
ibewhatoughtt
obeman’
srel
ati
onshi
pwi
th
God,
andt
hel
astsi
xcommandment
sdescr
ibewhatoughtt
obeman’
srel
ati
onshi
pwi
th
f
ell
owman.
1
I
ntheNewTest
amentJesussummar
izedal
lthel
awsi
ntot
wobasi
conesnamel
y;
(
i) Lov
eGody
ourLor
dwi
thal
lyourhear
t,mi
ndandsoul
.
(
ii
) Lov
eyournei
ghbourasy
oul
ovey
our
sel
f.

TYPESOFLAWS
Ci
vi
llaws:Thesear
elawsdeal
i
ngwi
tht
heaf
fai
rsofpr
ivat
eci
ti
zens(
butnotwi
thcr
ime)
i
nagi
vencount
ry.

Cust
omar
yLaws:Thesear
elawssetbyagi
vencul
tur
eforexampl
ecust
omar
ylaws
concer
ningl
andowner
shi
p.

By
-laws:Thesear
elawsadopt
edbyasmal
lcommuni
tyf
ori
tsbenef
it
,forexampl
elaws
adopt
edbyL.
C.Isuchasev
ery
bodyabov
e18y
ear
sshoul
downapot
atogar
den.

Supr
emeLaws:Thesear
elawst
hatgov
ernagi
vencount
ry,
forexampl
ethe1995
const
it
uti
onoft
heRepubl
i
cofUganda.

Eccl
esi
ast
icalLaws:Thesear
erel
i
giousl
awsascanonl
awamongt
heChr
ist
iansor
Shar
iaLawf
oundi
nIsl
ami
ccount
ri
es.

FUNCTI
ONSORI
MPORTANCEORPURPOSEOFLAWS
Lawi
sasol
uti
ont
owar
far
e,f
ight
ing,
per
sonal
gri
evances,
andunnecessar
yconf
li
ctsof
r
evenge.I
tisal
egal
machi
ner
yforset
tl
ingdi
sput
es.
Lawout
li
neswhati
stobedonet
oawr
ongdoersot
hatwhenev
erhecommi
tsacr
ime,
whati
stobedonet
ohi
misal
readyknown,
wit
houthav
ingt
odel
i
ber
ateoni
t
unnecessar
il
y.

Lawi
spower
ful
inst
rumentofcommuni
cat
ingmor
alst
andar
dsespeci
all
ywheni
tdef
ines
2
t
her
ight
sandr
esponsi
bil
i
ties,
regul
ati
onsandconduct
.Itbackst
hem wi
tht
hreat
sand
puni
shment
s.

I
ndeal
i
ngwi
thhumanr
elat
ionsandi
nter
act
ionsl
awuphol
dst
her
ight
sanddut
iesof
ci
ti
zens.Ther
eisar
iskt
hatsomeonewi
l
lnotactaccor
dingt
owhati
sexpect
ed,
sosome
expect
ati
onsar
erecogni
zedbyl
awandt
heyf
ormt
hebasi
soft
her
ight
sanddut
ies.
Someoft
hesear
eincl
udedi
nourconst
it
uti
onsbot
hNat
ional
andI
nter
nat
ional
.

Thel
awf
aci
l
itat
esco-
oper
ati
veact
ion.I
tpr
omot
esj
ointef
for
tsbyr
egul
ati
ngpeopl
e’
s
conduct
.Busi
nesst
ransact
ionst
hrought
hel
awofcont
ractar
esaf
eguar
ded.
I
trei
nfor
cesmut
ual
co-
oper
ati
onandest
abl
i
shesanoppor
tuni
tyt
ofor
m par
tner
shi
ps
andco-
oper
ati
ves.

Lawconf
ersl
egi
ti
macyi
nthest
ruggl
epower
.Itpr
ovi
desway
sandmeansofl
egi
ti
mat
e
successi
onbyout
li
ningwhohast
her
ightt
oexer
cisewhatki
ndofpowerandf
orhow
l
ong.Forexampl
e,t
he1995const
it
uti
onofUgandast
ipul
atest
hatapr
esi
dentshal
lrul
e
f
orat
erm off
ivey
ear
seachandi
nonl
ytwosuccessi
vet
erms.

Thel
awgi
vest
hepol
i
cer
ight
stoar
restwr
ongdoer
s.I
thel
pst
oel
i
minat
ewr
ongdoi
ngi
n
soci
etyandencour
agesgoodmor
albehav
ior
s.Besi
des,
thel
awgi
vesDi
rect
orst
her
ight
t
ohi
reandf
ir
ethei
rempl
oyees.

Lawpr
otect
sagr
eement
s.I
nthemoder
nwor
ldt
her
eissomuchsoci
almobi
l
ityt
hatone
cannotdependonf
ri
endshi
porki
nshi
pti
es.Ther
eismuchi
nter
act
ionbet
weenst
ranger
s
sot
hatt
heyneedt
obepr
otect
edf
ort
hei
rint
erest
s,hencet
hel
awofcont
ract
.

Lawper
for
msaneducat
ivef
unct
ionofsensi
ti
zi
ngt
heci
ti
zens.Thi
sisdonet
hrough
t
hreat
sandpuni
shment
s.Thi
smeanst
hatev
eryactofpuni
shmenti
sanactof
educat
ionandr
efor
m.I
ndoi
ngt
hispeopl
ewi
l
lcomet
oknowwhatt
hesoci
etyl
i
kesand
whati
that
es.

3
I
nconcl
usi
on,
thebasi
cfunct
ionorpur
poseofl
awi
stopr
otectt
hesoci
etyby
mai
ntai
ningor
der
,peacest
abi
l
ityandhar
monyi
nsoci
ety
.Itr
egul
ateshumanbehav
iour
bypr
ovi
dingr
ulesandpenal
codesf
orbr
eaki
ngt
hel
aw.

CAUSESOFVI
OLATI
ONOFLAWS:
Pol
i
tical
inst
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry.Ther
emaybepol
i
tical
unr
esti
nsomepar
tsofagi
ven
count
rywhi
chmakesl
awi
mpl
ement
ati
onnextt
oimpossi
ble.Forexampl
e,i
nthe
nor
ther
npar
tofUgandamanyi
nnocentpeopl
ehav
elostt
hei
rli
vesbecauseoft
heLor
d’s
Resi
stanceAr
myr
ebel
act
ivi
ti
esbyJosephKonysi
nce1986.

I
ll
i
ter
acyandi
gnor
anceoft
hel
awbyt
hemasses.Thi
scomesaboutduet
olackofci
vi
c
educat
ioni
nther
ural
areas.Oneanony
mouswr
it
erhadt
hist
osay
;”Shewhoknowsnot
,
andknowsnot
,thatsheknowsnot
,isaf
ool
,peopl
eshoul
dshunher
.”

Per
missi
veness-
Thei
ncr
easi
ngcasesofper
missi
venesswher
ebypeopl
ear
egi
vent
oo
muchl
i
ber
tyt
odowhatt
heywantr
egar
dlessoft
hei
ref
fect
sonot
herpeopl
eisal
soa
ser
iouscauseoft
hev
iol
ati
onofl
aws.Thi
sist
ruebecauseper
missi
vepeopl
edousual
l
y
r
ebel
agai
nstt
heest
abl
i
shedor
derandaut
hor
it
y.

Themi
l
itar
izat
ionofpol
i
ticsandt
heci
vi
lser
vice.Ther
eisi
nfl
uencepeddl
i
ngand
i
nti
midat
ionbyt
hear
myi
nsomecount
ri
es.I
tisal
l
egedt
hat
,the2006pr
esi
dent
ial
campai
gnsi
nUganda,
wer
etoomuchmi
l
itar
izedt
otheext
entofr
emandi
ngpr
esi
dent
ial
mai
nchal
l
engerCol
.Dr
.Ki
i
zaBesi
gyei
nLuzi
rapr
isononchar
gesoft
reasonandsexual
assaul
t.

Unempl
oymentduet
oret
renchmentanddemobi
l
izat
ion.Thewi
despr
eadsoci
alpr
obl
ems
ofunempl
oyment
,ret
renchmentofempl
oyees,
demobi
l
izat
ionofsol
dier
s,f
orcest
hem t
o
ear
nal
i
vingt
hroughunl
awf
ulway
s.TheNRM gov
ernmentcamewi
thapol
i
cyof
pr
ivat
izat
ionwhi
chl
edt
omanyci
vi
lser
vant
sbei
ngr
etr
enchedsi
nce1986.

4
Gr
eedf
orpower
.Thedesi
rebysomegov
ernmentl
eader
stor
emai
ninpowerf
oral
ong
per
iodoft
imel
eadi
ngt
othev
iol
ati
onofsomear
ti
clesoft
heconst
it
uti
on.I
tisal
l
eged
t
hatPr
esi
dentMoammarGaddaf
iofLi
byahadt
oomuchgr
eedf
orpowersi
ncehehad
r
uledt
hecount
rywi
thaone-
par
tysy
stem f
rom 1969t
o2011.

Cor
rupt
ionamongt
hel
awi
mpl
ement
orsespeci
all
ytheexecut
iveandt
hej
udi
ciar
ycan
al
sol
eadt
othev
iol
ati
onoft
hel
aws.I
n1998,
thePr
esi
dentofUgandawasf
orcedt
o
i
nst
it
uteacommi
ssi
onofi
nqui
ryi
ntocor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orcewhi
chwasheadedby
Just
iceJul
i
aSsebut
inde,
andsev
eral
pol
i
ceof
fi
cer
swer
edi
smi
ssed.

Mi
suseofdr
ugsandal
cohol
,whi
chaf
fect
sthesenseofr
easoni
ngpav
ingwayt
othe
v
iol
ati
onofl
aws.Thebookofpr
over
bst
eachest
hat
,“Wi
nei
sreckl
ess,
ast
rongdr
ink,
quar
rel
some;
unwi
sei
shewhom i
tseduces(
Prov
.20:
1).

Thei
ncr
easi
nggapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoorcr
eat
ingenv
ytot
hosewhoar
ewel
lof
f
andl
eadi
ngt
ohar
mingt
hem.Acasei
npoi
nti
nUgandawasdur
ingt
he1979l
i
ber
ati
on
warbyUNLFwhent
hepoorTanzani
ansol
dier
senv
iedt
her
ichUgandansandst
art
ed
l
oot
ingt
hei
rradi
osandwat
chessomet
imeshar
mingt
hem.

Peergr
oupi
nfl
uenceal
sol
eadst
ocommi
tt
ingcr
imes.Fori
nst
ance,
somepeopl
e
becomeaddi
ctst
odr
ugs,
engagei
npr
e-mar
it
alsex,
gangr
api
nget
c…………………duet
othe
nat
ureoft
hepeergr
oup.

I
ncur
abl
edi
seasesl
i
keAI
DShav
eledt
ocr
imesl
i
ker
ape,
def
il
ementandpr
ost
it
uti
on,
si
ncesomepeopl
edonotwantt
odi
eal
one.Besi
desot
her
swantt
oeatf
ort
hel
astt
ime,
whi
l
eot
her
sdef
il
ewi
tht
hedi
sgui
set
hatt
hey
oungonesar
eAI
DSf
ree.

Env
ironment
aldet
ermi
nism Somepeopl
eli
vi
ngi
nsl
um ar
eascommi
tcr
imesl
i
ke
pr
ost
it
uti
on,
drugconsumpt
ionet
c.….becauseoft
henat
ureoft
heenv
ironmenti
nwhi
ch
t
heyar
eandwhi
chi
shost
il
e.Tot
hem suchcr
imesseem t
obenor
mal
.

5
Lackofr
eli
giouscommi
tmentcoupl
edwi
thbadexampl
esf
rom t
her
eli
giousandpol
i
tical
l
eader
sasf
arasobser
vanceoft
hel
awi
sconcer
ned.

Thecul
tur
albel
i
efssuchast
aki
ngwoment
obei
nfer
iorandexpect
edt
oaccept
ev
ery
thi
ngt
hatt
hemansay
sleadi
ngt
odomest
icv
iol
ence.

THERELATI
ONSHI
PBETWEENLAW ANDMORALI
TY
Thel
awsoft
hest
ater
efl
ectt
hest
andar
dsofmor
ali
tyoft
hesoci
ety
.Thi
smeanst
hatt
he
l
awsenf
orcemor
ali
tyoft
hesoci
etybyi
mposi
ngsanct
ionsandt
hreat
stot
hosewhot
ry
t
obr
eachmor
ali
ty.

Rel
ati
vest
andar
dsofsoci
ety–TheSt
andar
dsoft
hesoci
etyar
erel
ati
veandt
her
efor
e
l
i
abl
etochange.Thi
smeansl
awschangewhenev
ert
hest
andar
dsoft
hesoci
etychange
wi
tht
ime.Forexampl
e,t
hel
awswhi
chgov
ernedt
het
radi
ti
onal
Afr
icanSoci
etyar
enot
t
hesameast
hosegov
erni
ngt
hecur
rentmoder
nsoci
ety
.
I
nacount
rywher
ether
eisahomogeneousgr
oupofpeopl
e(i
.e.wi
tht
hesamecul
tur
es,
t
radi
ti
onsandbel
i
efs)
,forexampl
eFr
ance,
lawscanbeusedt
orei
nfor
cet
hecount
ry’
s
mor
alst
andar
dsbecauset
heyar
euni
for
m.

Buti
ncount
ri
eswhi
char
ehet
erogeneous(
i.
e.wi
thdi
ver
secul
tur
alt
radi
ti
onsandbel
i
efs)
,
f
orexampl
eUganda,
stat
elawscannotbeusedt
orei
nfor
cemor
ali
tybecauseoft
he
di
ff
erentcul
tur
alv
alues.

Anot
hergoodexampl
eofahomogeneouscount
rybutf
rom t
her
eli
giouspoi
ntofv
iewi
s
Saudi
Arabi
awhi
chi
srul
edbyt
heShar
ial
awofI
slam whi
chi
sthecommonr
eli
gionofal
l
i
tspeopl
e.I
nthi
scount
ry,
themor
alst
andar
dsoft
hepeopl
ear
ehi
gh.

I
nmanysoci
eti
es,
lawsdev
elopf
rom mor
als.Somemor
alsar
esel
ect
edt
obei
mper
ati
ve
f
orany
onet
ofol
l
ow;
andsuchmor
alsar
ebackedupbyt
hreat
sandsanct
ions,
andt
hisi
s
whent
heybecomel
aws.
6
Theabov
epoi
nti
mpl
i
est
hatl
awscont
rol
peopl
e’
smor
ali
ty;
peopl
ear
eof
tenf
orcedt
o
behav
einadecentwaybecauseoff
eart
obr
eakt
hel
awsandgetpuni
shed.

Bot
hthel
awandmor
ali
tyhav
ethemai
nobj
ect
iveofpr
omot
ingor
der
,st
abi
l
ity
,and
har
monywi
thi
nthehumansoci
ety
.

Wher
ether
eisahi
ghdegr
eeofmor
ali
tyespeci
all
ywher
ether
ear
est
rongr
eli
gious
at
tachment
s,t
hepr
ocessofusi
ngl
awandmaki
ngpeopl
etof
oll
owi
twi
l
lbeeasye.
g.i
n
Saudi
Arabi
a.

I
nsomear
easwher
ether
ear
est
ri
ctl
aws,
peopl
etendt
obeor
der
lyonl
yasl
ongaswhen
t
hepuni
shi
ngagenti
spr
esentWher
ethepuni
shi
ngagenti
sabsent
,peopl
emaydeci
det
o
mi
sbehav
e.Thi
sisv
erycommonwi
thourchi
l
drenathomeandev
enschool
chi
l
dren.
Wher
ethest
andar
dofmor
ali
tyi
sver
ylowe.
g.i
nU.
S.A,
thepr
ocessofenf
orci
ngt
hel
aw
wi
l
lbet
ightandhar
d.Ther
ewi
l
lbev
erymanycr
imesast
hel
awwi
l
lfr
equent
lybebr
oken.

Howev
er,
iti
snotenought
oputt
her
elaws,
thi
sshoul
dbeaccompani
edbyanef
for
tto
educat
etheci
ti
zensaboutt
heneedf
oror
der
,st
abi
l
ity
,anddi
sci
pli
nei
nsoci
ety
.When
t
hisi
sdone,
mostpeopl
ewi
l
ljustdeci
det
obeor
der
lywi
thoutbei
ngf
orcedt
odoso.

I
nDeut
eronomy3:
15,
wer
ead,
Ihav
esetbef
orey
out
hisdayt
hedi
ff
erencebet
weengood
andev
il
,andbet
weenl
i
feanddeat
h.

Manwasgi
venf
reedom byGodt
omakemor
alchoi
ces.Todayy
oucannott
alkofmor
als
whent
her
eisnogoodandev
il
.Thei
ndi
vi
dual
mustbecapabl
eofdi
ff
erent
iat
ingbet
ween
goodandev
il
.

Todayt
her
eisal
soacl
ashbet
weenr
eli
giousl
awsandst
atel
aws.whataChr
ist
ianmay
under
standt
obesi
nfr
om t
het
eachi
ngoft
heBi
ble,
maybedecl
aredl
egal
undert
hel
aws
oft
hest
ate.Forexampl
e,abor
ti
oni
nBr
it
ainandU.
S.Ahasbeenl
egal
i
zedandev
en
7
pr
ost
it
utesar
egi
venoper
ati
ngl
i
censes.

LAW I
NTHEAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
Unl
i
ket
odayandi
ntheOl
dTest
amentt
imes,
lawi
ntheAf
ri
canTr
adi
ti
onSoci
etywasnot
document
edonpaperorwr
it
tenany
wher
e,buti
twasi
nscr
ibedonpeopl
e’
shear
ts.

Thi
swasdonei
nfor
m oft
aboosandsanct
ions.Thesewer
etheDo’
sandt
heDon’
ts
whi
chwer
ethecust
odi
ansofnotonl
yor
derandr
egul
ati
ons,
butal
somor
ali
ty.

Ther
ewasnocl
eardemar
cat
ionbet
weenl
awandmor
ali
tyi
ntheTr
adi
ti
onal
Afr
ican
Soci
ety
.Thet
wowenthandi
nhand.Vi
olat
ingt
hel
awwasal
mostpuni
shedi
nthesame
wayasv
iol
ati
ngmor
ali
ty.

Thesoci
etyatl
argewast
hepol
i
cemanoft
hewor
ldasf
arast
hel
awandmor
ali
tywer
e
concer
ned.

Par
ent
swer
eal
soani
mpor
tanti
nst
rumentofnotonl
ykeepi
ngor
derandmor
ali
tyamong
t
hey
out
h,butal
soofi
mpar
ti
ngt
her
equi
redv
alv
est
othenewgener
ati
on.

I
ncent
ral
i
zedandki
ngdom ar
eas,
ther
ewer
ecour
tsi
nthecapi
tal
oft
heki
ngdomsf
ort
he
admi
nist
rat
ionoft
hel
awespeci
all
yforcapi
tal
off
ences.Thev
il
lagecl
anmeet
ingswer
e
al
sousedt
oadmi
nist
erpuni
shment
sandset
tl
ingofdi
sput
es.

Ther
eexi
steddel
egat
ionofpower
.Al
thoughagi
vecommuni
tyhadaki
ngwhowast
he
absol
uter
uler
,powerwasnotconcent
rat
edi
nthehandsofoneper
son.
Theki
ngf
orexampl
edel
egat
edsomeofhi
spower
stot
hechi
efs,
sub-
chi
efs,
adv
isor
s,
andguar
dianswhohel
pedhi
m car
ryouthi
sor
der
s.

Ev
enchi
efsatv
ari
ousl
evel
shadcour
tsofl
aw.I
ndecent
ral
i
zedki
ngdoms,
ther
ewasa
counci
lofel
der
sfort
headmi
nist
rat
ionofl
awandor
der
.
8
Thi
scounci
lofel
der
spl
ayedt
headv
isor
yrol
etot
heki
ng.Thecounci
lofel
der
sand
chi
efsdi
scussedt
hei
ssue(
s)andr
eachedacommonagr
eement
.Af
tert
his,
theki
ng
woul
dmakeasi
ngl
edeci
sionandev
ery
onewoul
dfol
l
owwi
thoutanyf
urt
herquest
ioni
ng.
Theaut
hor
it
yoft
heki
ngsandr
ulesi
ntheAf
ri
canTr
adi
ti
onal
soci
etywasbel
i
evet
obe
di
vi
nei
.e.best
owedupont
hem byGod.
Thet
radi
ti
onal
leader
ssawt
hei
rrol
eli
ket
hatofaf
atherwhohast
hedut
yofseei
ngt
oit
t
hatt
hechi
l
drenar
ewel
lnur
tur
ed.Thel
eader
spr
omi
sedt
opr
otectt
hecommuni
tyon
condi
ti
ont
hatt
hesubj
ect
sremai
nedl
oyal
tot
hem t
hroughobedi
enceandr
espect
.

Thepur
poseoft
hecour
tsofl
awwasal
sot
omai
ntai
nandr
est
orepeaceamong
nei
ghbour
sandv
il
lager
s.,
Thef
inal
judgmentasal
readyseenr
efl
ect
edt
heopi
nions
expr
essedf
reel
ybyt
heel
der
s.

THEADMI
NISTRATI
ONOFJUSTI
CEI
NTHEAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
Just
icei
sav
irt
uewhi
chl
eadsaper
sont
ogi
veanot
herper
sonwhati
sduet
ohi
m orher
.
Ori
tmeansbei
ngr
ightorf
airandr
easonabl
eint
hewaywedeal
wit
hot
her
sandi
nthe
wayweconductour
sel
ves.

I
ntheAf
ri
canTr
adi
ti
onal
Soci
etyl
ocal
cour
tswer
esetupi
nthev
il
lagest
oadmi
nist
er
j
ust
ice.Thesepassedj
udgementonwr
ongdoer
swhohadof
fendedt
hesoci
ety
.

Al
lunj
ustact
swer
econdemnedi
nsoci
ety
;andal
lpeopl
ewhocommi
tt
edunj
ustact
s
wer
eei
thercounsel
edandencour
aget
oreconci
l
e,orwer
etot
all
ycondemnedi
nsoci
ety
.

Just
icei
nATSdi
dnotnecessar
il
yimpl
yequal
treat
mentofal
lthepeopl
e.Howev
er,
the
communi
tyensur
edt
hati
tmett
hebasi
cneedsofi
tspeopl
eforhumansur
viv
al.

Sev
erepuni
shment
swer
egi
vent
othewr
ongdoer
s;butt
hesepuni
shment
svar
iedf
rom
onesoci
etyt
oanot
her
.forexampl
e,amongt
heBaki
gaofsout
her
nUgandai
fagi
rl
9
becamepr
egnantbef
orewedl
ock,
shewasr
oll
edbyherbr
other
sov
ert
hecl
i
fft
odr
own
onKi
sii
ziFal
l
sinRukungi
ri
.

I
nATS,
peopl
ewor
kedt
owar
dst
hecr
eat
ionofhar
mony
,peace,
andst
abi
l
ityi
nthe
admi
nist
rat
ionofj
ust
ice.Thi
smeanscaseswer
ehandl
edwi
thav
iewofr
econci
l
iat
ion.

Domest
iccasesofmi
sunder
standi
ngsbet
weenhusbandsandwi
vesorf
ami
l
ymember
s
wer
ehandl
edbyf
ami
l
yel
der
sorcl
anheads.I
twast
her
uli
ngoft
heseel
der
sthat
det
ermi
nedf
orexampl
eifawomanshoul
dbedi
vor
cedornot
.

Just
icewasal
soent
rust
edt
othel
i
vingdead.I
twasbel
i
evedi
nATSt
hatwhoev
er
di
stur
bedt
hepeaceofot
her
sande.
g.f
orcef
ull
ytookupt
hepr
oper
tyoft
heot
herpeopl
e,
t
hisper
sonwoul
dnotescapet
hewr
athoft
heancest
orsi
nthespi
ri
twor
ldi
fhe/
shehad
sur
viv
edt
hatoft
heel
der
s.

Just
icei
nthet
radi
ti
onal
Afr
icanset
ti
ngwasadmi
nist
eredbyi
ntel
l
igentmenwhower
e
bel
i
evedt
obemenofwi
sdom.I
ndeci
dingonacase,
theycr
it
ical
l
yexami
nedt
he
ci
rcumst
ancesl
eadi
ngt
othatact
ion.

Af
ri
cansobser
vedhumanr
ight
sbyput
ti
ngi
npl
acet
aboosandsanct
ionsi
nor
dert
o
mai
ntai
njust
ice.f
orexampl
e,amongt
heBat
oor
oofWest
ernUganda,
ifoneabusedan
el
der
,he/
shewassupposedt
obef
loggedi
npubl
i
csoast
odet
erot
her
sfr
om doi
ngt
he
sameandal
sot
oinducet
heof
fender
(s)t
oref
orm.

Fi
neswer
eal
soi
ntr
oducedi
nor
dert
osat
isf
ythePsy
chol
ogyoft
heof
fended.Amongt
he
Bany
ankol
eofSout
h–west
ernUgandaI
faper
sonwascaughtst
eal
i
ngachi
cken,
hewas
supposedt
opay“
empongamo”whi
chl
i
ter
all
ymeansaf
ine.

Pol
i
ticsandRel
i
gioni
nATScoul
dnotbesepar
atedsi
ncebot
hwer
econcer
nedwi
th
mai
ntai
ningj
ust
icei
nsoci
ety
.

10
I
ncent
ral
i
zedst
ates,
rul
erssuchaski
ngsandchi
efswer
eregar
dedt
obecl
osert
oGod
andt
hespi
ri
twor
ld,
andt
hat
’swhyt
heywer
eent
rust
edwi
tht
headmi
nist
rat
ionofj
ust
ice
i
nthei
nthesoci
ety
.

Thet
radi
ti
onal
leader
svi
ewedt
hei
rrol
east
hatoft
hef
atherwhohadt
hedut
yofseei
ng
t
oitt
hatt
hechi
l
drenar
ewel
ll
ookedaf
ter
.Andi
ntur
nthechi
l
drenhadt
obel
oyal
and
obedi
entt
otheel
der
s.

Ther
ewaspowershar
ingi
nATS.Al
thought
hecommuni
tymayhav
ehadaki
ng,
power
wasnotconcent
rat
edi
nthehandsofoneper
son.Theki
ngdel
egat
edsomeofhi
spower
s
t
othechi
efs,
sub-
count
ychi
efs,
adv
isor
s,andguar
dianswhohel
pedhi
mtocar
ryouthi
s
or
der
s.

THECHRI
STI
ANCONCEPTOFJUSTI
CE
Just
icehassomet
hingt
odowi
thmaki
ngabal
ancebet
weencl
aimi
ngf
orone’
sri
ght
sand
f
ulf
il
li
ngone’
sdut
iese.
g.Empl
oyeeshav
ear
ightt
odemandf
oraj
ustwagewhi
l
ethe
empl
oyer
shav
eanobl
i
gat
iont
opayaj
ustwage.

Thef
oundat
ionofj
ust
icear
ether
ight
sofot
her
s(commongood)
.Tobej
ustort
oacti
na
j
ustwayi
stoacti
nhar
monywi
tht
her
ight
sofot
her
s.Thi
smeanst
hatj
ust
icei
nvol
ves
t
hedut
yofgi
vi
ngandr
espect
ingt
her
ight
sofot
her
s.

Just
icehassomet
hingt
odowi
tht
hatwhi
chmakesamanaman.Thi
sist
heessenceof
j
ust
icebecausej
ust
icei
sav
irt
ueconcer
nedaboutl
ett
ingmanr
eachhi
sful
fi
ll
ment
.

Just
icemeansl
oveofGodandl
oveoff
ell
owmen.Howev
er,
just
icegoesbey
ondl
ove,
t
her
ecannotbel
ovewi
thoutj
ust
ice,
butj
ust
icei
spossi
blewi
thoutl
ove.Jesust
aught
aboutt
hegr
eat
estcommandment
:”Lov
eyourGodwi
thal
lyourhear
t,mi
ndandsoul
,and
l
ovey
ournei
ghbourasy
oul
ovey
our
sel
f(Mt22:
37-
39)
.
Just
iceent
ail
sobser
vanceoft
hesoci
all
ysetandaccept
edl
aws,
andt
heenact
ingofj
ust
11
l
awsont
hepar
toft
hosei
naut
hor
it
y.St
.Paul
forexampl
eadv
isesChr
ist
ianst
oobey
st
ateaut
hor
it
yandt
hel
awsbecausenoaut
hor
it
yexi
stswi
thoutGod’
sPer
missi
on(
Rom
13:
1).
Thi
sisknownasl
egal
just
ice.

I
nthest
ori
esofcr
eat
ionbyi
mpl
i
cat
ion(
Gen1-
2),
Godwant
sust
obepeopl
eli
vi
ngi
n
goodr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thhi
m,wi
theachot
her
,andwi
tht
her
estofcr
eat
ion.

Just
iceofaser
iousChr
ist
iani
sseeni
nthewor
ldwi
deef
fectt
oli
ber
atet
heoppr
essed
t
hroughoutt
hewhol
ewor
ld.Thebookofexodust
eachesust
hat
:“TheLor
drescuedt
he
I
srael
i
tesf
rom Egy
ptandbr
oughtt
hem t
othel
andofCanaan(
Ex.
3:8)
.

AChr
ist
ianshoul
dexer
cisej
ust
icebycar
ingandext
endi
ngt
hei
rmer
cyt
othe
under
pri
vi
leged.ThebookofAct
steachesust
hat
:InJoppa,
awomannamedTabi
tha
(
Dor
cusi
nGr
eek)spentmostoft
het
imedoi
nggoodandhel
pingt
hepoor(
AA9:
36)
.

Just
icewi
thoutchar
it
yhasi
tsdanger
s;i
tmaybeempl
oyedt
ovi
ndi
cat
emer
cil
essl
yone’
s
r
ight
s,hencet
hepr
over
b:”Theexagger
atedj
ust
icemayamountt
oanexagger
ated
i
njust
ice(
summuni
ussummai
niur
ia)
.TheGospel
par
abl
eoft
heunf
orgi
vi
ngser
vantwho
hi
msel
fhadbeenf
orgi
venbyt
heki
ngi
sanexampl
eint
hisr
egar
d(Mt
18:
23-
35)
.

Just
icei
sal
soconcer
nedwi
thexchangeofgoodsandser
vicesaccor
dingt
othest
ri
ct
equal
i
tyofv
alues.Thi
siswhati
scal
l
edcommut
ati
vej
ust
ice,
andsi
ncei
tisbasedon
cont
ract
s,i
tcanal
sobecal
l
edcont
ract
ual
just
ice.

Just
icei
sal
soconcer
nedwi
tht
hej
ustdi
str
ibut
ionofhonor
sandbur
densi
nsoci
ety
(
dist
ri
but
ivej
ust
ice)
,Inasf
arasi
ndi
vi
dual
sar
enotequal
int
hei
rqual
i
ficat
ionsand
r
esour
ces,
thebur
densandhonor
smustbedi
str
ibut
edi
npr
opor
ti
ont
othei
rneeds,
capabi
l
iti
es,
andmer
it
s.

12
Just
iceandpeacear
einsepar
abl
easpect
sofl
i
vingahar
moni
ousl
i
fe.I
nor
dert
ohav
ea
l
ast
ingandaut
hent
icpeace,
Ugandaf
orexampl
emustuphol
djust
icei
nal
lspher
esofl
i
fe.

Just
iceal
soent
ail
sfai
rnessorbei
ngf
airt
oot
her
s.Ar
ist
otl
eoneoft
hegr
eat
phi
l
osopher
sdescr
ibesf
arnessas“
Treat
ingequal
sequal
l
y,andt
reat
ingunequal
’
s
unequal
l
y,f
ori
nst
ance,
itwoul
dbeunf
airandt
her
efor
eunj
ustt
ocol
l
ectt
hesame
amountofPAYEf
rom t
wopeopl
ewhosegr
ossi
ncomei
snott
hesame.

Just
icedemandsr
eci
proci
ty.Thi
smeanst
hatpeopl
eespeci
all
yati
ndi
vi
dual
lev
elshoul
d
gi
ve,
onequal
ret
urnf
orbenef
it
srecei
ved.I
not
herwor
ds,
aper
sonshoul
ddot
oot
her
sin
t
hewayt
heydot
ohi
m orher
.

Just
iceal
sodemandst
hepuni
shmentoft
hosewhodonotobeyt
hel
awsoft
hel
andor
t
hosewhodepr
iveot
her
sthei
rri
ght
s.I
tdemandst
hatof
fender
sar
epuni
shedandt
hose
whoar
eof
fendedar
ecompensat
ed.Thi
siscal
l
edr
etr
ibut
ivej
ust
icei
.e.Moses’
ssl
ogan
of“
aney
eforaney
e,at
oot
hforat
oot
h”(
Ex21:
24)
.

Just
iceal
soshoul
dai
m atgi
vi
ngwhatwasdepr
ivedormi
ssedi
nthepasti
nor
dert
o
cor
rectt
hei
mbal
anceorsuf
fer
ingwhi
chwascausedbypastmi
stakes
(
Remedi
al/
compensat
oryj
ust
ice)
.forexampl
e,t
heBany
oroofwest
ernUgandadur
ing
t
heBr
it
ishCol
oni
alr
ulei
nthe1950’
slostv
erymanyv
aluabl
eresour
cesandwer
eev
en
putonembar
gof
or100y
ear
sandsodeser
vecompensat
ionbyt
heBr
it
ishgov
ernment
.

CHRI
STI
ANVI
EWSABOUTRESPECTFORLAW ANDORDERS
Chr
ist
iani
tyr
ecogni
zest
hei
nev
itabl
eexi
stenceofpol
i
tical
str
uct
uresandaut
hor
it
ywhi
ch
i
sal
l
owedbeGodf
ort
hepr
eser
vat
ionofor
deri
nsoci
ety
.

AChr
ist
iani
nther
efor
eobl
i
gedt
oobeyandr
espectt
hel
awofhi
s/hercount
ry.Thi
sis
t
ruebecauseaChr
ist
ianhasdual
cit
izenshi
pi.
e.,
he/
shei
saci
ti
zenoft
heear
thandat
13
t
hesamet
imeaci
ti
zenofheav
en.

GodHi
msel
fgav
elawst
ohi
speopl
ethr
oughMosest
ober
espect
ed.Thecov
enantt
hat
Godmadewi
tht
hechi
l
drenofI
srael
wascondi
ti
onal
int
hatt
heI
srael
i
teshadt
oobeyand
r
espectt
hel
aw(
commandment
s)i
ftheywer
etobechi
l
drenofGod.

I
ntheol
dTest
ament
,iti
scl
eart
hataki
ngi
snotabov
ethel
aw.Whenaki
ngwasgui
l
tyof
ani
njust
iceasi
twast
hecasewi
thDav
idandBat
hshebaandUr
iah(
2Sam 11)
,hewas
sev
erel
yrebukedbyt
hepr
ophet
sofGodandsubj
ect
edt
opuni
shment
.

TheBi
blecal
l
sust
oobser
veandr
espectst
ateaut
hor
it
iessi
nceal
laut
hor
it
ycomesf
orm
God.I
nthel
ett
erofSt
.Paul
tot
heRomanswer
eadt
hat
,“Nost
atet
her
efor
eexi
sts
wi
thoutGod’
sper
missi
on,
andsoaChr
ist
ianshoul
dsubmi
ttot
hest
ateandci
vi
l
aut
hor
it
iesbecauseal
lgov
ernment
scomef
rom Godandci
vi
laut
hor
it
iesbecauseal
l
gov
ernment
scomef
rom Godci
vi
laut
hor
it
iesar
eappoi
ntedbyGod(
Rom.13:
1).

Jesusal
sosubmi
tt
edt
othewor
ldl
yaut
hor
it
yofPi
l
atebutr
emi
ndedPi
l
atet
hathewoul
d
hav
enopowerov
erhi
m(Jesus)i
fithadnotbeengi
vent
ohi
mfr
om abov
e(John9:
11)
.

Oneoft
heChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngswhi
chJesussai
donr
espectf
orl
awandci
vi
laut
hor
it
ywas,
“
Giv
ebackt
oCaesarwhatbel
ongst
oCaesarandt
oGodwhatbel
ongst
oGod(
Mk12:
17)
,
andhesai
dthi
sinr
espectt
opay
ingoft
axestci
vi
laut
hor
it
y.

Thest
atehast
her
ightt
omai
ntai
nlawandor
derandt
opr
otectt
hecommuni
tyagai
nst
cr
imi
nal
s.Thi
sisi
nli
newi
thPaul
’
spr
eachi
ngwhenhesai
d;“
Thest
atei
sther
etoser
ve
Godf
ory
ourbenef
it
s.(
Rom 13:
4)

I s1stl
nhi ett
ert
oTi
mot
hy,
Paul
urgedhi
sreader
stopr
ayf
ort
hosewhohav
etoexer
cise
aut
hor
it
yint
hepol
i
tical
communi
tysot
hatwemayl
i
vei
npeaceasChr
ist
ians(
ITi
m 2:
1-
2)
.

14
St
.Pet
erspeaksoft
heChr
ist
iansr
olet
owar
dsci
vi
laut
hor
it
ywhenhecat
egor
ical
l
yst
ates.
“
Hav
erespectf
orev
ery
oneandl
ovef
orourcommuni
ty,
fearGodandhonourt
heemper
or
(
1pt2:
17)
.

Pet
eral
sogoesaheadt
osayt
hat
,ifChr
ist
iansuphol
dthel
egi
ti
mat
ewor
koft
hosei
n
aut
hor
it
yandwi
tnesst
oGodbyt
hei
rgoodl
i
ving,
ther
ewi
l
lnotbef
ool
i
shandi
gnor
ant
t
alksagai
nstGod’
schur
ch(
1Pt2:
13f
f).

BI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGABOUTLAW

Duet
otheneedt
ogui
det
her
elat
ionshi
psbet
weenmanandf
ell
owman,
Godenact
ed
l
awsandpr
escr
ibedpuni
shment
swhenHemadeacov
enantwi
thNoah(
Gen.9:
4-6)
.

Godenact
edl
awst
ost
rengt
hent
her
elat
ionshi
pthatshoul
dexi
stbet
weenHi
m andHi
s
peopl
e,t
hechi
l
drenofI
srael
(Deut
r30:
15-
20)
.Fai
l
uret
oobser
vet
hesel
awswoul
dleadt
o
suf
fer
inganddeat
h.

Humansuf
fer
ingi
sasar
esul
tofman’
sdi
sobedi
encet
oobser
veGod’
scommandment
s
(
Gen3)al
thoughor
igi
nal
l
ymanwascr
eat
edf
orhappi
ness.

ThebookofExoduschapt
er20pr
esent
stheTencommandment
sai
medatpr
otect
ingt
he
r
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
hepeopl
eofGodandt
hei
rli
ber
ator(
God)
.

Tor
est
orehumanheal
thandt
ogi
vel
i
fef
ull
meani
ngGodi
nst
it
utedl
awsagai
nstt
he
Sabbat
handt
hesev
ent
hyear(
Ex23:
10-
22)
.

Lev
iti
cus18pr
esent
slawsagai
nstsexi
mmor
ali
tyandLev
iti
cus20:
10-
22out
li
nest
he
penal
ti
est
obeexpect
edf
ori
nvol
vi
ngi
nsexual
l
yimmor
ali
ty.

15
Exodus21and22summar
izest
hel
awsagai
nstmi
str
eat
mentofsl
aves,
theuseof
v
iol
encet
osol
vepr
obl
emsandl
awsaboutr
epay
ment
.

Exodus22:
16-
31pr
esent
slawsai
medatpr
otect
ingt
hedi
gni
tyofy
ounggi
rl
sandt
he
di
gni
tyofmani
ngener
al.

I
faKi
ng’
sbehav
iordi
dnoconf
ormt
othecov
enantl
aw,
thi
scoul
dbear
easonf
ort
he
l
ossoft
heki
ngdom asi
twasi
nthecasewi
thKi
ngSaul
(ISam 13:
13-
14)
.

I
nMat
hew22:
36-
40andMar
k12:
28:
34,
Jesuspr
esent
sthegr
eat
estcommandment
whi
chsummar
izest
hewhol
elawofMosesandt
het
eachi
ngoft
hepr
ophet
s.

St
.Paul
inRomans13:
1-7t
eachesust
hat
,peopl
emustobser
veaut
hor
it
iesnotj
ust
becauseofGod’
spuni
shment
sbutal
soasamat
terofconsci
ence;
fori
nst
ance,
they
mustpayt
axest
otheci
vi
laut
hor
it
ies.

Theaut
horofRev
elat
ionwhowr
otewhent
heChr
ist
ianswer
eexposedt
oper
secut
ions,
waswel
lawar
ethatt
hest
atei
ssubj
ect
edt
othej
udgmentofGod,
andt
hatf
ail
uret
o
gov
erni
naccor
dancewi
thGod’
swi
l
lresul
tsi
nthedest
ruct
ionoft
hest
ate(
Rev
.17)

CRI
MEANDPUNI
SHMENT

WHATI
SCRI
ME?
Acr
imei
sanyconductt
hati
spr
ohi
bit
edbyl
aw.I
tisi
ndeedanev
ilcommi
tt
edagai
nstt
he
l
awandor
deroft
hesoci
ety
.

I
not
herwor
ds,
acr
imei
sthebr
eaki
ngoft
heest
abl
i
shedl
awandor
der
;ori
tist
hegoi
ng
agai
nstt
henor
msoft
hesoci
ety
.Agoodexampl
eofcr
imei
nov
erspeedi
ngbysome
dr
iver
s.

16
I
nacr
imi
nal
case,
thest
atei
susual
l
ythepr
osecut
orbecausei
tist
hecommuni
tyasa
whol
ewhi
chsuf
fer
sasar
esul
toft
hel
awbei
ngbr
oken.

CAUSESOFCRI
ME
Ther
eisnosi
ngl
euni
ver
sal
fact
ort
hatcanbepoi
ntedoutast
hesol
ecauseofcr
ime.
Cr
imespr
ingsf
rom av
ari
etyoff
act
orssomeofwhi
char
ebi
ologi
cal
other
spsy
chol
ogi
cal
butnotwel
lknown.

Bot
hther
ichandt
hepoor
,thei
l
li
ter
atesandt
heeducat
ed,
thewhi
tesandt
hebl
ackst
he
mal
eandf
emal
etheCat
hol
i
csandt
hepr
otest
ant
s,al
lcanbev
ict
imsofcr
ime.Bel
owar
e
someoft
hecauses.

Lackofpr
operpar
ent
alcar
e.Somepar
ent
sar
eir
responsi
bleanddonotnat
uret
hei
r
chi
l
drenaccor
dingt
othewi
l
lofGod.ThesonsofEl
ipr
act
icedt
empl
epr
ost
it
uti
on
becauset
hei
rfat
herhonor
edt
hem mor
ethanGodbyl
ett
ingt
hem f
att
ent
hemsel
veson
t
hebestpar
tsoft
hesacr
if
ices|
(1Sam 2:
29)
.

Dur
ingabuse–Mi
suseofdr
ugsl
i
keHer
oine,cocai
ne,
Mai
rungi
andal
cohol
whi
ch
r
educet
hesenseofr
easoni
ngcanl
eadt
ocr
imesl
i
ker
ape,
def
il
ementorv
oyeur
ism.
WhenNoahdr
ankwi
neandbecamedr
unk,
het
ookof
fhi
scl
othesandl
aynakedi
nthe
t
ent
;thenhi
schi
l
drenHam,
Shem andJaphet
hsawhi
snakedness(
Voy
eur
ism)Gen.
9:
22)
.

Per
missi
venessi
nsoci
ety
,whi
chi
swat
chi
ngofpor
nogr
aphi
cmov
ies,
drunkennessand
t
heuseofnar
cot
icdr
ugs.Forexampl
e,t
hemay
orofCapet
owni
nSout
hAf
ri
caWi
l
li
am
Bant
onwasexpel
l
edf
rom hi
sNewNat
ional
Par
ty(
NNP)i
n2009becauseofwat
chi
ng
por
nogr
aphi
cvi
deosi
nhi
sof
fi
ce.

Poorexampl
esf
rom r
eli
giousl
eader
s.Somer
eli
giousl
eader
sgeti
nvol
vedi
ncr
imessuch
asHomosexual
i
ty,
def
il
ementet
c.whi
chsomepeopl
euset
ojust
if
ythei
rinv
olv
edi
n
17
si
mil
arcr
imes.Forexampl
e,Bi
shopSseny
onj
oofMasakawasexcommuni
cat
edf
rom hi
s
Angl
i
canchur
chbecausehewasat
ypi
cal
homosexual
.

Cor
rupt
ioni
nthecour
tsofl
aw.Thi
sist
ruebecausewhensomepeopl
egeti
nvol
vedi
n
cr
imes,
theyar
enotser
iousl
ypuni
shedt
husaggr
avat
ingt
her
ateofcr
imesi
nsoci
ety
.for
i
nst
ance,
Hon.Ji
m Muhwezi
whowascensor
edbyPar
li
amenti
n1999f
or
mi
sappr
opr
iat
ingUPEmoneywasnotpuni
shedandi
nst
eadwasgi
venanot
herf
att
er
Mi
nist
ryofHeal
thwher
eheal
soembezzl
edGl
obal
fundmoney
.

Economi
candsoci
ali
mbal
ancesbet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
sorcount
ri
es,
maycr
eat
eenv
yto
t
hosewhoar
ewel
lof
fandsomet
imest
hisl
eadst
ohar
mingt
hem f
orexampl
eint
he
1979l
i
ber
ati
onwari
nUgandabyt
heUNLF,
thepoorTanzani
an,
sol
dier
senv
iedt
he
r
elat
ivel
yri
chUgandansbyt
hen,
andst
art
edl
ooki
ngt
hei
rpr
oper
ty(
Radi
osandwat
ches)
somet
imesaf
teri
njur
ingt
hem.

Pol
i
tical
act
ivi
ti
esl
i
ker
iggi
ngofel
ect
ions,
whi
chmaycr
eat
erebel
act
ivi
ti
esandwhi
ch
mayl
eadt
heot
hercr
imessuchasmur
der
,rapedef
il
ementandst
eal
i
ng.Forexampl
e,
Pr
esi
dentMusev
eni
becomear
ebel
andwentt
othebushi
n1981becausehecl
aimed
t
hatt
he1980el
ect
ionsi
nUgandawer
emassi
vel
yri
ggedbyt
heUPCpar
t
Af
fl
uence.Theaggr
avat
ingl
ygr
eatdesi
ret
obecomer
ichwi
thi
nashor
tti
mepossi
blehas
causedt
heescal
ati
ngr
ateofcor
rupt
ion,
steal
i
ng,
sel
l
ingai
randmi
sappr
opr
iat
ionof
publ
i
cfunds.

Lackofasat
isf
act
orywayofdeal
i
ngwi
thcr
imesbyt
hest
atemachi
ner
yhasal
socaused
casesofr
evengeorev
enmobj
ust
ice.Thi
sisappar
entbecauset
hemassesnow
mi
sconst
ruet
hepol
i
ceasausel
essi
nst
it
uti
oni
nfi
ght
ingcr
imesduet
other
ampar
t
cor
rupt
ioni
nthef
orce.

Unst
abl
efami
l
ies/
homeswher
ehusbandorwi
fei
sfr
ust
rat
edi
nmar
ri
ageorchi
l
drenf
eel
negl
ect
edandt
her
efor
eunl
oved,
mayl
eadt
ocr
imes suchasadul
ter
y,pr
ost
it
uti
on,
or
t
hef
t.
18
I
ncur
abl
edi
seasesl
i
keAi
dswhi
chhav
eledt
ocr
imesl
i
ker
apeanddef
il
ement
.Thi
sis
t
ruebecausesomepeopl
edon’
twantt
odi
eal
one.Besi
des,
other
swantt
oeatf
or“
the
l
astt
ime”
,whi
l
eot
her
sdef
il
ewi
tht
hedi
sgui
set
hatt
hey
oungonesar
eAi
dsf
ree.

Br
eakdownoft
het
radi
ti
onal
order
.Youngpeopl
ehav
elostt
ouchwi
tht
het
radi
ti
onal
v
aluessuchasr
espectf
ort
heel
der
s,obser
vanceandpr
otect
ionofv
irgi
nit
y.Thi
sleadst
o
cr
imessuchasf
orni
cat
ionandpr
e-mar
it
alsex.

Ot
hercausest
houghnotexpl
ainedi
ncl
ude,
pov
ert
y,sel
fi
shness,
poorwor
kingcondi
ti
ons,
homebackgr
ound,
str
uggl
eforpower
,massmedi
a,ur
bani
zat
ion,
del
ayedsal
ari
esand
i
gnor
ance.Thel
i
sti
sendl
ess.

Howcr
imecanbeov
ercome

Thechur
chcanusepr
ayer
stoGodandpr
ayf
ort
hecr
imi
nal
ssot
hatGodcanr
emov
e
t
hei
rhar
dhear
tednessandputanewspi
ri
tint
hem sot
hatt
heycanr
efor
m.Jesust
aught
i
ntheGospel
that
,“Lov
eyourenemi
esandpr
ayf
ort
hosewhoper
secut
eyou“
(Mt
5:44)
.

Thechur
chshoul
dsensi
ti
zet
hepubl
i
cespeci
all
ythecr
imi
nal
saboutmor
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ty
andr
esponsi
blel
i
ving.Jesust
eachesushowt
otr
eatabr
otherorsi
sterwhosi
nsagai
nst
y
ougot
ohi
m andshowhi
m hi
sfaul
ts,
butdot
hispr
ivat
elyj
ustbet
weeny
our
sel
ves(
Mt
18:
15)
.

Chr
ist
iansshoul
dtr
ytobegoodci
ti
zensandr
olemodel
stoot
her
soneanony
mouswr
it
er
gav
eawar
ningt
oChr
ist
ianswhenhewr
ote:
“Becar
eful
theway
syoul
i
vebecausey
ou
mi
ghtbet
heonl
yBi
blet
hatsomepeopl
eread”
.

Chr
ist
iansshoul
dal
way
sbeont
heal
ertandav
oidsi
tuat
ionst
hatmayt
emptot
her
stodo
wr
onge.
g.t
heyshoul
dal
way
sleav
ethei
rhousescl
osed.St
.Pet
eradv
isesr
eader
sal
way
s
19
t
obeal
ert
,andbeonwat
ch,
becauset
heenemyt
hedev
ilr
oamsar
oundl
i
kear
oar
ingl
i
on,
l
ooki
ngf
orsomeonet
oeat(
1Pt
.5:
8).

AChr
ist
ianshoul
dtakei
tashi
s/herdut
ytor
epor
tcr
imi
nal
stot
her
ightaut
hor
it
ies.Thi
s
i
str
uebecausecombat
ingcr
imer
equi
resaj
ointef
for
t;i
tshoul
dinv
olv
eev
ery
bodyand
notmer
elyl
eav
ingi
ttot
hepol
i
ceal
one.

Thechur
chmustencour
agef
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ionsoast
oreducecr
ime
or
igi
nat
ingf
rom r
evenge.TheLor
d’spr
ayert
eachesust
oaskf
orf
orgi
venessandt
o
f
orgi
veot
her
s.“
For
giv
eust
hewr
ongswehav
edone,
aswef
orgi
ve,
thewr
ongst
hat
ot
her
shav
edonet
ouse(
Mt6:
12)
.

Thechur
chshoul
dcondemnal
lper
vasi
veact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kemur
der
,robber
y,ki
dnapet
c.so
t
hatt
hel
awcant
akei
tscour
se.St
.Paul
remi
ndsTi
mot
hyt
hatl
awswer
eputt
her
efor
l
awbr
eaker
sandcr
imi
nal
sli
kemur
der
ers,
sexual
per
ver
tsandki
dnapper
s(1Ti
m 1:
9-10)
.

Thechur
chshoul
dputupsel
f–hel
ppr
oject
sthatcanal
l
evi
atesoci
alcondi
ti
onst
hatl
ead
t
ocr
ime.CERUDEBwasst
art
edbyt
hecat
hol
i
cchur
chi
nor
dert
oenabl
ethepoorpeopl
e
accessl
oanswi
thmi
nimal
int
erestandst
artsel
f–hel
pincomegener
ati
ngpr
oject
s.

Thest
ateshoul
dputr
efor
mat
ivecent
ersi
npl
acet
ogui
deandcounsel
cri
minal
s.Thi
s
meanst
hatal
lourpr
isonsshoul
dhav
etheof
fi
ceoft
hechapl
ainwhi
chi
sresponsi
blef
or
counsel
i
ngt
hepr
isoner
s.

Thechur
chshoul
dencour
aget
hegov
ernmentt
opayi
tswor
ker
sal
i
vingwagei
.e.awage
t
hatcanenabl
ethem t
osuppor
tthemsel
vesandt
hei
rrespect
ivef
ami
l
ies.Jesusi
nhi
s
pr
eachi
ngt
aughtt
hatwor
ker
sshoul
dbegi
vent
hei
rri
ght
ful
pay(
Lk.
10:
7).

Thechur
chmustal
soor
gani
zesomeact
ivi
ti
eswhi
chcanoccupyt
hey
out
hsoast
oav
oid
i
dlenesswhi
chi
sasour
ceofsi
n.Thewi
semant
eachesust
hat
,“Ani
dlemi
ndi
sthe
dev
il
’swor
kshop”
.
20
Thechur
chmustwor
khandi
nhandwi
tht
hest
atei
nreduci
ngcr
imes.Thechur
chof
cour
seshoul
dadv
iseandcounsel
thest
ateoni
ssuesl
i
kewar
,puni
shment
.

Thegov
ernmentoni
tspar
tshoul
densur
eregi
onal
bal
ancei
nthedev
elopmentoft
he
count
ry.TheNat
ional
Execut
ivecounci
lforexampl
eshoul
dmakeapl
anwhi
chi
sgear
ed
t
owar
dsbal
ancedr
ural
dev
elopment
.Thi
swi
l
lreducer
ural
–ur
banmi
grat
ion.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dful
l
yequi
pthesecur
it
yor
gansi
nthecount
rywi
thappr
opr
iat
e
andsuf
fi
cientmeanst
ofi
ghtcr
ime.Theyshoul
dhav
eforexampl
eenoughguns,
vehi
cles,
t
elecommuni
cat
ionsy
stemset
c.

Thest
ateshoul
dinf
li
ctheav
ypenal
ti
esoncr
imi
nal
ssot
hatt
heyf
eel
thepi
nchi
nor
dert
o
v
indi
cat
ethecr
imi
nal
sandt
odet
erot
her
sfr
om commi
tt
ingsi
mil
arcr
imes.St
.Paul
inhi
s
l
ett
ert
otheRomanst
eachesust
hatt
hest
atehaspower
stopuni
sh,
andt
hispoweri
s
r
eal
andf
rom God(
Rom 13:
4).

Whati
sapuni
shment
?
Apuni
shmenti
sanyf
orm ofhar
minf
li
ctedbyt
heexecut
ivepoweroft
hest
ateont
he
per
sonwhoi
sjudgedt
ohav
evi
olat
edt
her
uleofl
aw.

I
tisadel
i
ber
atedeni
alofsomehumanr
ightbyal
awf
ulaut
hor
it
ybecauseoff
ail
uret
o
obeyt
hel
aworr
espectt
her
ight
sofot
her
s.

Apuni
shmentcanal
sobedef
inedasanact
iont
akenbyt
hesoci
etyagai
nstt
hecr
imi
nal
s
whohav
evi
olat
edt
hel
awandor
deroft
hesoci
etyi
nor
dert
ost
opt
hatev
entf
rom r
e-
occur
ri
ng.
Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,
puni
shment
staket
wof
orms:
(
a) Puni
shmentbyaddi
ngsomet
hingnegat
ivee.
g.i
fyouar
ecaughtst
eal
i
ng,
you
ar
ebeat
en.
21
 (
b) Puni
shmentbyr
emov
ingsomet
hingpl
easantorposi
ti
vee.
g.i
fyoudon’
tfet
ch
wat
erathome,
youar
edeni
edl
unch.

TYPESOFPUNI
SHMENT

Cor
por
alpuni
shment
Thi
sist
hepuni
shi
ngofawr
ongdoorbyuseoft
hest
rokesoft
heCane.I
tiscommonl
y
empl
oyedbyi
nst
it
uti
onssuchasschool
sandpol
i
ce.I
tinv
olv
esphy
sical
beat
ingoft
he
body(
cor
pus)
.

MobJust
ice
Thi
sist
hesi
tuat
ionwher
ebyasuspecti
npuni
shedbyadi
sor
gani
zedgr
oupofpeopl
ein
r
esponset
owhathe/
shehascommi
tt
ed.Thi
spuni
shmenti
sgi
venbef
oret
hesuspecti
n
pr
ovedgui
l
tybyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.

I
mpr
isonment
Thi
sist
hel
ocki
ngofsomecr
imi
nal
sinabui
l
dingagai
nstt
hei
rwi
l
linor
dert
opr
otect
soci
ety
.Somepeopl
emaybegi
venl
i
fesent
encei
mpr
isonmentwhi
l
eot
her
sar
egi
vena
f
ewhour
sdependi
ngont
hegr
avi
tyoft
hecr
imecommi
tt
ed.

Capi
talPuni
shment
Thi
sispuni
shmentbyexecut
ion;
iti
sput
ti
ngoft
hecr
imi
nal
todeat
h.I
nbr
iefi
tist
he
deny
ingofani
ndi
vi
dual
ther
ightt
oli
ve.

Heav
yFi
nes
Somecr
imi
nal
sar
emadet
opayhugef
inesi
nfor
m ofcashormat
eri
alt
hingst
othe
of
fendedper
sonsi
nrel
ati
ont
othedamagecausedort
hewei
ghtoft
hecr
ime.Aman
caughti
nadul
ter
ymayf
orexampl
ebef
orcedt
opay2mi
l
li
onorsur
renderhi
sposhcar
.

Awar
mingf
rom t
hemagi
str
ate
22
Thi
sser
vesasapsy
chol
ogi
cal
tor
tur
e/puni
shmentandi
susual
l
ygi
vent
ocr
imesofl
ow
gr
avi
ty.

Pr
obat
ion
Onemayber
equi
redt
orepor
ttot
hepol
i
ceaf
terev
eryspeci
fi
edl
engt
hoft
imel
i
kea
mont
horso.

Housear
rest
.
I
fonei
snoti
mpr
isoned,
onemaybeconf
inedt
ohi
s/herhouseorcompound.

PURPOSEOFPUNI
SHMENTS

Thegener
alpur
poseofpuni
shment
sist
odecr
easet
hepr
obabi
l
ityt
hatsomet
hing
undesi
rabl
ewi
l
loccuragai
ninasi
mil
arsi
tuat
ion,
andt
oincr
easesomet
hingdesi
rabl
e.

Thesecondpur
posei
nret
ri
but
ive;
Anot
herpur
posei
stor
e-est
abl
i
sht
hebal
anceof
out
ragedj
ust
ice.Thi
sist
hei
nfl
i
cti
onofani
njur
yont
hecr
imi
nal
thati
sequi
val
entt
othe
amountofhar
m whi
chhehi
msel
fhasdone.Cfaney
eforaney
esl
ogan(
EX21:
24)
.

Thev
indi
cti
vepur
pose.Al
awl
osesi
tsf
orceandaut
hor
it
yifapuni
shmentappear
sunj
ust
andunpr
opor
ti
onabl
etot
heof
fence.Thi
smeanst
hatacr
imi
nal
shoul
dbepai
dbacki
n
t
hesamecur
rency
.

Pr
event
ivepur
pose;
Apr
event
ivepuni
shmenti
stheonewhi
chr
emov
esf
rom t
heof
fender
t
heoppor
tuni
tyt
otr
ansgr
essi
nthesamewayagai
n.E.
g.aper
pet
ual
thi
efwhoi
sgi
ven
l
i
fei
mpr
isonment
,ispr
event
edf
rom commi
tt
ingsi
mil
arcr
imes.

Pr
otect
ivepur
pose,
byr
emov
ingt
heof
fenderf
rom t
hecommuni
ty,
thesoci
etyi
s
pr
otect
edf
rom t
henot
ori
ouscr
imi
nal
s.Theof
fenderi
sal
sopr
otect
edf
rom mobj
ust
ice.

Det
err
encepur
pose;
Wehav
eal
readyr
eadt
hatpr
event
ivepuni
shment
spr
eventcr
imi
nal
s
23
f
rom t
ransgr
essi
ngi
nthesamewayagai
n.Butdet
err
encepuni
shment
spr
eventbot
hthe
cr
imi
nal
andot
her
sfr
om doi
ngt
hesameagai
n.ThebookofDeut
eronomy17:
13j
ust
if
ies
t
hisst
atementwheni
tsay
s:“
All
thepeopl
ewi
l
lhearandbeaf
rai
d,andwi
l
lnotbe
cont
empt
uousagai
n”.

Di
scour
agi
ngpur
poses;
Apuni
shmenti
nfl
i
ctedonani
ndi
vi
dual
shoul
dbeabl
eto
di
scour
aget
hecr
imi
nal
from r
epeat
ingt
heof
fence.Suchapuni
shmentmakest
he
cr
imi
nal
real
i
zehowser
iousanddemandi
nghi
sact
ionshav
ebeene.
g.aney
eforaney
e
di
scour
agescr
imi
nal
s.

Ref
orm pur
poses;
her
ethepuni
shmentcanhav
etheai
m ofr
ehabi
l
itat
ingt
hecr
imi
nal
and
t
urnhi
m/heri
ntoal
awabi
dingandusef
ulci
ti
zenoft
hecount
ry.

Cor
rect
ivepur
pose;
simi
l
art
oref
ormi
stor
ehabi
l
itat
eacr
imi
nal
bycor
rect
inghi
m/her
.
Thi
sisdonebymaki
ngt
hecr
imi
nal
acknowl
edget
hewr
ongdone,
andshowi
nghi
m what
heoughtt
ohav
edone.

Educat
ivepur
pose,
whenaper
sonpuni
shessomeone,
itmeanshehasdesi
ref
orhi
s
behav
ior
.Ther
efor
e,agoodpuni
shmenti
ssupposedt
oeducat
ethecr
imi
nal
andot
her
s
t
hev
aluesex
pect
edofaci
ti
zen.

War
ningpur
pose;
Asev
erepuni
shmentusual
l
ywar
nsot
herpeopl
enott
ocommi
tsi
mil
ar
of
fences.Pot
ent
ial
cri
minal
sar
egi
venawar
ningonwhatwi
l
lhappent
othem.

Counsel
i
ngpur
poses;
Ther
eisal
sopuni
shmentby“
probat
ion”
.Thi
sist
heper
iodwhen
t
heof
fenderr
epor
tsr
egul
arl
yasagr
eeduponwi
thaut
hor
it
ies,
recei
vescounsel
i
ng,
andi
s
encour
agedt
obeal
aw-
abi
dingci
ti
zendur
ingt
hispr
obat
ionar
yper
iod.

Repar
ati
onpur
poses;
iti
sar
guedt
hatwhent
her
eisanof
fence,
iti
snotenought
obe
concer
nedwi
tht
hecr
imi
nal
,Theof
fendedper
sonshoul
dbecompensat
ed.
Howev
eri
n
caseswher
ehe/
shecannotbecompensat
ede.
g.adr
iverki
l
li
ngsomeone’
schi
l
d,t
he
24
par
entshoul
dbegi
venhel
pandsuppor
tint
hatdi
ff
icul
tsi
tuat
ion.

FACTORSTHATDETERMI
NETHEPUNI
SHMENTTOBEGI
VENTOACRI
MINAL.

I
tisi
mper
ati
vet
onot
ethatt
hepowert
odet
ermi
neone’
spuni
shmenti
sint
hehandsof
t
hej
udgeandt
hel
aw.Howev
er,
thef
oll
owi
ngf
act
orsi
ndet
ermi
ningt
het
ypeof
puni
shmentar
ewor
thnot
ing.

Thenumberoft
imest
hecr
imi
nal
hascommi
tt
edt
hesamecr
ime.Fori
nst
ance,
somebodywhohascommi
tt
edt
hecr
imesev
eral
timesi
sgi
venaheav
ierpuni
shment
t
hant
heonewhohascommi
tt
edt
hesamecr
imef
ort
hef
ir
stt
ime.

Theci
rcumst
ancest
hatl
edonecommi
tthecr
ime,
forexampl
eifonest
olef
oodbecause
hewast
oohungr
yandwant
edt
osav
ehi
sli
fe,
thepuni
shmentshoul
dbel
essenedas
opposedt
otheonewhost
olet
osel
lthef
oodandgetmoney
.

Thepur
poseofpuni
shmentmustal
sobeconsi
der
ed.Agoodpuni
shmenti
snotf
or
dest
roy
ingbutf
orgui
dingorhel
pingt
hecr
imi
nal
tor
epent
,soi
tshoul
dnotl
eadt
o
dest
ruct
ionorcauseanyhar
m.

Thesexoft
heper
sonshoul
dal
sobeputi
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.Womenar
egener
all
y
consi
der
edaweakersext
hanmen,
sot
heyshoul
dbegi
venpuni
shment
srel
evantt
othei
r
sex.St
.Pet
eri
nhi
sfi
rstl
ett
err
efer
stowomenasaweakersex(
1Pt3:
7).

Thei
mpactoft
hecr
imet
othesoci
etymustal
sobel
ookedi
nto.f
ori
nst
ance,
somebody
whohascommi
tt
edmur
dershoul
dbemor
epuni
shedt
hant
heonewhoi
sinv
olv
edi
n
st
eal
i
ng.

Ther
esponsi
bil
i
tyoft
heper
soni
nquest
ion.Forexampl
e,i
twoul
dlookabsur
dto
25
i
mpr
isonababyf
eedi
ngmot
herbecausei
nthi
scasey
ouwi
l
lbepuni
shi
ngt
wopeopl
e
i
ncl
udi
ngt
hei
nnocentbaby
.

Theageoft
heper
sonshoul
dal
sobeputi
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.Youngpeopl
eshoul
dnotbe
t
reat
edi
nthesamewayasadul
ts.That
’swhyi
ndev
elopedcount
ri
eswehav
esepar
ate
j
uveni
l
ecour
tsandt
hosef
oradul
ts.

Thepoweroft
hel
awshoul
dbet
akencar
dinal
.Thi
smeanst
hatt
hecr
imi
nal
shoul
dnot
bepuni
shedbey
ondt
hest
atedr
equi
redpuni
shmentbyl
awaccor
dingt
othecr
ime
commi
tt
ed.

Thewi
l
li
ngnessoft
hecr
imi
nal
tor
eveal
othercr
imi
nal
sTheonewhoi
swi
l
li
ngt
orev
eal
ot
her
sshoul
dbegi
venl
esspuni
shment
sthant
heonewhopr
act
icesaconspi
racyof
si
l
ence.

Theheal
thoft
hecr
imi
nal
shoul
dal
sobeconsi
der
ed.Asi
ckl
yper
sonshoul
dbepuni
shed
wi
thmuchcar
east
hepuni
shmentmayl
eadt
omor
ecompl
i
cat
ionsordeat
h.

Themet
hodusedi
ncommi
tt
ingt
hecr
ime.Theper
sonf
orexampl
ewhousesagunt
o
st
eal
shoul
dbemor
epuni
shedt
hant
heper
sonwhousest
hreat
sonl
ytodot
hesame.

Thef
utur
eli
feoft
hecr
imi
nal
mustal
sobeconsi
der
ed,
fori
nst
ancei
fonei
sagei
ng,
thi
s
ol
dper
sonshoul
dnotbeov
erpuni
shedsayi
nfr
om ofi
mpr
isonmentf
ormanyy
ear
sas
t
hiswi
l
ldet
erhi
mfr
om pl
anni
ngf
orhi
sfami
l
yormayhast
enhi
sdeat
h.

CORPORALPUNI
SHMENTS:

DI
SADVANTAGESOFCORPORALPUNI
SHMENTS:

26
Cor
por
alpuni
shment
sar
ebr
utal
andt
her
efor
eunder
minet
hedi
gni
tyofhumanbei
ngs.
Theyi
nfactr
educeahumanbei
ngt
othel
evel
ofanani
mal
.

Cor
por
alpuni
shmentmayi
nst
il
lhost
il
it
yamongt
hechi
l
drenandev
enmaket
hem wi
l
dto
t
heext
entoff
ight
ingt
hei
rteacher
s.

Somet
imesi
nnocentst
udent
sar
epuni
shedbyt
het
eacher
s.Thi
sist
rueespeci
all
ywi
th
gr
ouppuni
shmentwhi
chi
ndeedi
sunbecomi
ng.

Cor
por
alpuni
shment
smayi
nst
il
lfearf
ort
het
eacher
sconcer
nedbyt
hel
ear
ner
s.The
l
ear
ner
smayi
ntheendf
ail
tounder
standt
hesubj
ectcont
entt
aughtbyt
hoset
eacher
s.

Somechi
l
drenmaybesi
ckandweakbef
oret
hepuni
shmenti
sadmi
nist
ered.
Whensuch
chi
l
drenar
egi
venst
rokesoft
heCane;
theymayendupcol
l
apsi
ngt
her
efor
ecausi
nga
conf
li
ctbet
weent
het
eacherandt
heschool
admi
nist
rat
ionort
het
eacherandt
hepar
ent
.

Somet
eacher
shav
ebeat
enst
udent
supt
ocoma,
orev
enupt
odeat
h.Thi
sdef
ini
tel
ywi
l
l
l
eadt
othet
ermi
nat
ionoft
het
eacher
’sser
viceshencel
ossoft
hej
obcausi
ngsuf
fer
ing
t
othef
ami
l
yoft
heconcer
nedt
eacher
.

Somet
eacher
susecor
por
alpuni
shment
sunj
ust
lyt
ohandl
ethei
rgr
iev
ances,
fori
nst
ance
at
eacherpuni
shi
ngast
udentbecauseoft
hemi
sunder
standi
nghehaswi
tht
hatv
ery
st
udent
,ort
hepar
ent
,ort
heschool
admi
nist
rat
ion.

Cor
por
alpuni
shment
smayl
eadt
ost
ri
kesi
nschool
sespeci
all
yifchi
l
drenar
ewr
ongl
y
puni
shedmor
especi
all
yift
heyar
esuppr
essed,
oppr
essedandexpl
oit
edbyt
heschool
admi
nist
rat
ion.

I
nmostcasest
hecor
por
alpuni
shmenti
snoti
nli
newi
tht
heof
fencecommi
tt
edsosome
chi
l
drenar
epsy
chol
ogi
cal
l
ytor
tur
ed.

27
Cor
por
alpuni
shment
sdest
royt
hei
mageoft
heschool
especi
all
yinschool
swher
e
cani
ngcausesf
aint
ingorev
endeat
h.Thi
smayscar
eawayst
udentf
rom t
heschool
.

MOBJUSTI
CE:

Causes:

I
gnor
anceoft
hel
awbymostpeopl
e;Mostpeopl
edonotknowt
hel
awandt
her
efor
ethey
t
akei
ttobet
hei
rri
ghtt
opuni
sht
hesuspect
.

Per
missi
venessi
noursoci
eti
es.Manypeopl
ehav
ebeengi
vent
hel
i
ber
tyt
odowhatt
hey
l
i
ker
egar
dlessofwhatsoci
etywant
s.E.
g.ar
rest
ingasuspectandst
ri
ppi
nghernaked.

Uncont
rol
l
edanger
,manypeopl
egetannoy
edsoqui
ckl
ythatt
heycannotcont
rol
thei
r
anger
s.suchpeopl
emayev
enbet
hedanger
ousl
ydanger
ouspeopl
einsoci
ety
.

Cor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orce;
becauseoft
her
ampar
tcor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orcesome
peopl
ehav
edeci
dedt
otaket
hel
awi
nthei
rhandsbyj
udgi
ngt
hecr
imi
nal
sthemsel
ves.

I
dleness,
somepeopl
ear
ejobl
essandt
her
efor
eidl
e.suchpeopl
ewantt
omakef
unof
t
hesuspect
,whi
l
esomet
ryt
otr
ansf
ert
hei
rfr
ust
rat
ionont
hesuspect
.

Rev
enge;
somepeopl
eusemobj
ust
iceasawayofr
evenget
othesuspectwhomi
ght
hav
edonewr
ongt
osomepeopl
einamob.

Thenat
ureoft
hel
awal
soencour
agesmobj
ust
icebecauset
hef
inef
orcer
tai
ncr
imesi
s
v
eryunf
airf
orexampl
ethepr
esentUgandanl
awst
ipul
atesonl
y600/
=asaf
inef
or
commi
tt
ingadul
ter
y!

Del
ayedact
ionagai
nstt
hesuspectbyt
hel
awenf
orcer
sal
soencour
agespeopl
etouse

28
mobj
ust
ice.Thati
swhyt
hel
awy
ershav
easay
ingt
hat“
Just
icedel
ayedi
sjust
icedeni
ed”
.

Ther
eisal
soabi
ggeogr
aphi
cal
gapbet
weent
hepol
i
ceandt
hepubl
i
c,butev
ensome
peopl
etaket
hepol
i
cet
obeani
nst
it
uti
onofspi
esf
ort
hegov
ernmentbutnotahel
pto
t
hepubl
i
c.

Pol
i
tical
inst
abi
l
itywhi
chl
eadst
othegener
alsi
tuat
ionofanar
chyandunr
estandassuch
peopl
eusemobj
ust
iceagai
nstsuspect
ssi
ncegov
ernmentmaynothav
ethecapaci
tyt
o
handl
elawandor
deri
nsoci
ety
.

CHRI
STI
ANSTANDONMOBJUSTI
CE

Chr
ist
iani
tycondemnsmobj
ust
iceasaf
orm ofi
njust
icebecauseoft
her
easonsher
ein
gi
ven.

Mobj
ust
icei
sbr
utal
andi
nhumani
nnat
ure.I
tunder
minesone’
shumandi
gni
tyespeci
all
y
wheni
ttakest
hef
orm ofst
oni
ngaper
sonl
i
keasnakeorset
ti
ngt
heper
sonabl
aze.Al
l
humanbei
ngsowet
hei
rdi
gni
tyf
rom Godbyt
hev
irt
uet
hatwear
eal
lcr
eat
edi
nthe
i
mageofGodaccor
dingt
oGenesi
s1:
27.

I
tisagai
nstt
hepur
poseofpuni
shment
s,ofwhi
choneoft
hem i
stohel
pthecr
imi
nal
to
r
epent
.Inst
eadmobj
ust
icei
sint
endedt
omi
str
eatt
hecr
imi
nal
butnott
ohel
phi
mto
r
epent
.Jesuspr
eachedt
hemessageofr
epent
ancei
nGal
i
leewhenhesai
d:“
Tur
naway
f
rom y
oursi
nsbecauset
heki
ngdom ofheav
eni
snearMt
.4:
17.

Mobj
ust
icei
sappl
i
edt
othesuspectbutnott
othecr
imi
nal
becausei
tisdonebef
oret
he
per
soni
spr
ovedgui
l
tybyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.Thepenal
codeofUgandast
ipul
atest
hat
;
Onei
snotacr
imi
nal
unl
esspr
ovedgui
l
tybyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.

Thesuspecti
snotgi
vent
imet
odef
endhi
msel
fagai
nstanyaccusat
ions,
yetaccor
dingt
o
29
humanr
ight
sev
eryper
soni
sfr
eet
odef
endt
hemsel
vesagai
nstanyaccusat
ions.

Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
eduponnotj
udgeot
her
ssi
nceGodal
onei
sthej
udge.I
ntheGospel
accor
dingt
oLuke,
Jesust
eachesust
hat
;“Donotj
udgeot
her
s,andGodwi
l
lnotj
udge
y
ou………………………(
Lk6:
37)
.

Mobj
ust
icei
ssomet
imesdonewi
tht
hei
ntent
ionofr
evengey
etasperChr
ist
iani
tywe
ar
esupposedt
olov
eourenemi
esbutnotr
evengi
ngont
hem.Jesuschal
l
engedMoses’
l
aw ofaney
eforanyey
e,at
oot
hforat
oot
hbyt
eachi
ngt
hat
,Ifanyonesl
apsy
ouont
he
r
ightcheekl
ethi
m sl
apy
ourl
eftcheekt
oo(
Mt5:
38-
39)
.

Thepuni
shmentmayl
eadt
hev
ict
imt
obedef
ormedhence,
maynotdopr
oduct
ivewor
k
f
orhi
sfami
l
yandt
hecount
ryatl
argeconsequent
ly,
thi
smayl
eadt
othesuf
fer
ingoft
he
i
nnocentf
ami
l
ymember
s.

Mobj
ust
icesomet
imesl
eadst
otheki
l
li
ngoft
hesuspect
,yetki
l
li
ngi
spr
ohi
bit
edbyt
he
l
aw.Thef
if
thcommandmentofGodi
sver
ycl
ear
,“Donotcommi
tmur
der(
Ex20:
13)
.

Mobj
ust
icei
sdonebyadi
sor
gani
zedgr
oupofpeopl
e,wi
thoutcl
earpr
ocedur
esoft
he
l
aw.Thus,
thesuspecti
sdeni
edj
ust
ice.

I
tleadst
othet
ort
uri
ngofi
nnocentpeopl
eespeci
all
ythosewhor
epor
tthecaset
othe
aut
hor
it
iesort
heymaybemi
stakenduet
osi
mil
ari
dent
it
ies.

Thepuni
shmenti
scont
rar
ytot
heconceptoff
orgi
veness.Ther
eisnocompassi
onwhen
appl
yi
ngt
hepuni
shment
,yetcompassi
oni
sani
mpor
tantChr
ist
ianv
irt
uewhi
chshoul
d
beconsi
der
edwhenadmi
nist
eri
ngapuni
shment
.

Mobj
ust
iceunder
minest
hewor
koft
hepol
i
ceandt
hecour
tsofl
aw.I
tist
hedut
yoft
he
pol
i
cet
oar
restcr
imi
nal
sandev
enpr
osecut
ethem i
nthecour
tsofl
aw.

30
Mobj
ust
icei
sdonet
osat
isf
ythepubl
i
catt
heex
penseoft
hesuspect
,andt
hisv
iol
ates
God’
slawofl
oveandf
orgi
veness.

Mobj
ust
icedoesnotst
opt
her
e-occur
renceofcr
imes,
soot
hermet
hodsshoul
dbe
t
houghtoff
orexampl
egui
danceandcounsel
i
ng,
andassi
sti
ngt
hepoorwi
thmat
eri
als
needs,
pluspr
ayi
ngf
ort
hewi
ckedpeopl
e.

WHATSHOULDTHESTATEDOI
NORDERTOCURBMOBJUSTI
CE

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dser
iousl
ydeal
wit
hcor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orceandot
herl
aw
enf
orci
ngagent
s.I
n1998f
orexampl
ePr
esi
dentMusev
eni
ofUgandai
nst
it
uteda
commi
ssi
onofi
nqui
ryi
ntocor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orceheadedbyJust
iceJul
i
an
Ssebut
inde.

TheGov
ernmentshoul
dar
restandpuni
shsev
erel
ythosecaughtappl
yi
ngmobj
ust
ice.
Accor
dingt
oPaul
’
slet
tert
otheRomans,
thest
ate’
spowert
opuni
shi
sreal
becauset
he
r
uler
sar
eGod’
sser
vant
s&t
heydocar
ryoutGod’
spuni
shmentont
hosewhodoev
il
(
Rom 13:
4).

Thegov
ernmentmustsensi
ti
zet
heci
ti
zensont
her
equi
rement
soft
hel
awandt
he
y
ardst
ickusedt
opuni
sht
hecr
imi
nal
s.Thegov
ernmentofUgandadoest
hist
hrough
sensi
ti
zat
ioncour
sesatt
heNat
ionschool
ofpol
i
tical
Educat
ionKy
ankwanzi
.

Thest
ateshoul
dincr
easeont
henumberofpol
i
cest
ati
onsespeci
all
yinr
ural
areas.
Besi
des,
thegov
ernmentshoul
dequi
pthepol
i
cewi
thadequat
etr
anspor
tandmoder
n
equi
pment
stouse.

Tosuppl
ementt
otheabov
e-ment
ionedpoi
ntmobi
l
epol
i
cepat
rol
sshoul
dbei
ntensi
fi
ed
bypr
ovi
dingenoughv
ehi
clest
othem sot
hatt
heydonotaskf
ort
ranspor
tfr
om t
he
of
fendedpeopl
etot
ranspor
tthesuspectt
opol
i
ce.
31
St
reetchi
l
drenshoul
dber
emov
edf
rom t
hest
reet
sandputi
nrehabi
l
itat
ioncent
ers.
Gov
ernmentofUgandahasbui
l
tremandhomesl
i
ket
heoneatNagul
ubutt
heseshoul
d
bemannedbypeopl
ewhocanassi
stt
hest
reetchi
l
drent
orespectt
her
ight
sofot
her
s
andt
hel
aw.

Thest
ateshoul
dcol
l
abor
atewi
tht
hechur
chandemphasi
zemor
alr
ehabi
l
itat
ionasa
wayofcombat
ingper
missi
veness.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dal
sospeedupt
her
ateatwhi
cht
hecr
imi
nal
sar
ebr
oughtt
o
j
ust
icesoast
oreduceont
hecasesofmobj
ust
ice.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dreducet
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoorbygi
vi
ngf
ree
educat
ionser
vicest
othepopul
ace.Gov
ernmentofUgandast
art
edt
heuni
ver
sal
pri
mar
y
Educat
ioni
n1997andt
heuni
ver
sal
postpr
imar
yEducat
ionandt
rai
ningi
n2007.I
tisour
hopet
hatsuchschemeswi
l
lhel
ptor
educet
hisgap.

I
nanut
shel
l
,al
lci
ti
zensshoul
dbewar
nedagai
nstt
aki
ngt
hel
awi
nthei
rhands.Thi
s
meanst
hatt
hegov
ernmentshoul
dal
way
swor
kfort
hepr
omot
ionofpeace,
secur
it
yand
st
abi
l
ity
.

I
MPRI
SONMENT

I
mpr
isonmenti
sthel
ocki
ngupofsomecr
imi
nal
sinabui
l
dingagai
nstt
hei
rwi
l
linor
der
t
oref
ormt
hem andt
opr
otectsoci
ety
.

I
tcanal
sobedescr
ibedasasi
tuat
ionwhent
heof
fenderi
skeptawayf
rom hi
sorher
cr
imesi
nor
dert
ohav
eti
met
oref
lectonhi
sot
herbehav
iourwi
tht
hehel
pofr
eli
gious
peopl
eorcounsel
ors.

32
I
mpr
isonmenti
ssomet
imesadmi
nist
eredt
oincapaci
tat
eorcont
aint
heof
fender
.Thi
s
meanst
hati
mpr
isonmenti
sameansofsel
fpr
otect
ion(
asi
nthecaseofat
tempt
ed
sui
ci
de)
,orpr
otect
ionofsoci
etyf
rom anyhabi
tual
kil
l
ersorr
api
sts.

Howev
er,
somepeopl
ear
guet
hati
mpr
isonmenti
snotmor
all
yaccept
abl
ebecausei
t
i
nter
fer
eswi
tht
hel
i
ber
tyoft
hepr
isonerwhoi
simpr
isonedagai
nsthi
sorherwi
l
l,
t
her
efor
eithassomenegat
iveef
fect
s.

NEGATI
VEEFFECTS/
DANGERS/
DISADVANTAGESOFI
MPRI
SONMENT

Somepr
isoner
sgetdi
seasesduet
ocongest
ion,
poorv
ent
il
ati
on,
thusl
eadi
ngt
odeat
h.
Manyhav
edi
edi
npr
isonduet
odi
seasessuchaschol
eraanddy
sent
ery
.

Somepr
isoner
sar
emi
str
eat
edbyt
hepr
isonguar
dsorwar
denswhi
chi
sagai
nstt
hei
r
f
undament
alhumanr
ight
s.Besi
des,
somepeopl
easar
esul
tofmi
str
eat
mentt
hrough
cani
ng,
bur
ningandt
ort
ureendupget
ti
ngdef
ormed.

Somet
imest
hispuni
shmenti
shashert
hant
hecr
imecommi
tt
edwhi
chi
snotaj
ustway
ofpuni
shi
ngt
hecr
imi
nal
.takef
orexampl
eaper
songi
venapr
isonsent
enceoft
woy
ear
s
f
orst
eal
i
ngachi
cken.

I
mpr
isonmentl
eadst
othesuf
fer
ingofi
nnocentpeopl
eli
ket
hef
ami
l
ymember
sandt
he
dependent
s.Theywi
l
llackt
hebasi
crequi
rement
sli
kef
ood,
school
feesandmedi
cal
car
e
especi
all
yift
heonei
mpr
isonedi
sthebr
eadwi
nneroft
hatf
ami
l
y.

Si
ncet
hepr
isoner
sar
enotusual
l
ykepti
nsol
i
tar
yconf
inement
s,t
heywi
l
lint
eractwi
th
f
ell
owpr
isoner
sandi
nthepr
ocessl
ear
nfr
om eachot
hermor
etr
icksofbecomi
ngwor
se
cr
imi
nal
s.

Tomakemat
ter
swor
se,
thepr
isonermayev
enbecomei
mmunet
opr
isonl
i
feandt
urn
outt
obeahabi
tual
off
ender
,becausepsy
chol
ogi
cal
l
yhef
eel
srej
ect
edbysoci
ety
.
33
I
mpr
isonmentl
eadst
olear
ningot
heri
mmor
alhabi
tsl
i
kehomosexual
i
tyduet
osexual
st
arv
ati
oni
npr
isony
ett
hisv
icei
scondemnedbyt
heBi
bleandi
sregar
dedasagr
avesi
n
(
Lev
.20:
13-
14)
.

Apr
isonermayf
ail
toadj
ustt
oli
feaf
tert
hesent
encei
sov
er,
mor
eespeci
all
yonewho
hasbeeni
mpr
isonedf
ormanyy
ear
s.Thi
sper
sonmayl
ookatpr
isonl
i
febet
tert
hanl
i
fe
out
sidepr
isonandsomaycommi
tmor
ecr
imessot
hathei
stakenback.

Thepr
isonercanev
enst
artt
hinki
ngofr
evengeaf
tert
hesent
encei
sfi
nished.Thi
smay
cr
eat
emor
ehat
redorev
endeat
hamongt
hewar
ri
ngpar
ti
es.

I
tisv
eryexpensi
vet
omai
ntai
npr
isoner
sbyt
hegov
ernmenti
nter
msoff
eedi
ng,
and
medi
cal
car
esi
ncesomemaynotev
enbewor
king.Forexampl
e,i
nUganda,
onei
s
supposedt
ouse3,
000/
=perdayonf
eedi
ngal
one.

Posi
ti
veef
fect
s/adv
ant
agesofi
mpr
isonment
Thepr
isonermayr
efor
m especi
all
yaf
terr
eal
i
zingt
heconsequencesofhi
sorheract
ions
t
husl
eadi
ngt
oli
vi
ngamor
all
yupr
ightl
i
fe.

I
mpr
isonmentdet
ersot
hermember
soft
hecommuni
tyf
rom commi
tt
ingsi
mil
arcr
imes
duet
ofearofbei
ngi
mpr
isonedhencer
educi
ngt
hecr
imer
ate.

Thepr
isonerwi
l
lgetanoppor
tuni
tyt
oref
lectonhi
sorherbehav
ior
,onl
i
feandr
eli
gioni
n
gener
alwi
tht
hehel
pofr
eli
giouspeopl
eandcounsel
ors.

I
mpr
isonmentensur
espubl
i
csaf
etyofpeopl
e’
spr
oper
tyt
hroughl
ocki
ngupoft
hiev
es,
Robber
s,mur
der
ers,
rapi
stsanddr
ugabuser
s.

34
Thepr
isonermayl
ear
nnewski
l
lsofwor
kingsuchascar
pent
ryandj
oiner
y,br
ickmaki
ng
andbr
ickl
ayi
ng,
play
ingf
oot
bal
let
c.

Besi
des,
thepr
isonermayunder
takeacor
respondencecour
sewhi
l
einpr
isonwhi
chmay
hel
phi
m orhert
ogai
nnewi
nsi
ght
sinl
i
fe.

Thepr
isonermayal
sobegr
ant
edi
ncent
ivesandpr
ivi
l
egesf
orgoodconductand
accept
ingdi
sci
pli
ne.Thi
smaybedonebyr
educi
nghi
sorhersent
encewhi
l
einpr
ison.

Thepr
isonerwi
l
llear
ntoassoci
atewi
thst
ranger
sandwhenhei
soutofpr
ison,
hewi
l
l
f
indi
teasyt
oassoci
atedwi
thany
one.Jesusal
soassoci
atedwi
thst
ranger
sli
ke
Zacchaeust
het
axcol
l
ect
or.

I
mpr
isonmenthel
psi
ncont
rol
l
ingt
hel
evel
sofi
mmor
ali
tyi
nsoci
etybyi
sol
ati
ngt
hose
whoar
eengagedi
nsuchact
sli
kedef
il
ementandpr
ost
it
uti
on.

Asal
readyseeni
mpr
isonmentpr
otect
sthesoci
etyf
rom not
ori
ouscr
imi
nal
s,butal
so
pr
otect
sthepr
isonerhi
msel
forher
sel
f,especi
all
yift
hepr
isonerbegi
nst
orespectt
he
l
aw.
I
mpr
isonmentr
educest
henumberofcr
imescommi
tt
edi
nsoci
etyt
huspr
omot
ingLaw
andor
deri
nsoci
ety
.Iti
sawayofensur
ingj
ust
icei
nsoci
ety
.

Humani
tar
ianv
iewsonhandl
ingpr
isoner
s.

Pr
isoner
sshoul
dbeexposedt
oal
otofet
hical
teachi
ngf
orexampl
etheChapl
ains
shoul
dpr
eacht
heGospel
ofnor
evengeaccor
dingt
oMt
.5:
38f
fandRom12:
17-
21.

Pr
isoner
sshoul
dbet
oldt
olov
etheLor
dthei
rGodandt
olov
ethei
rnei
ghbour
sast
hey
l
ovet
hemsel
ves.Thi
siscont
ainedi
nChr
ist
’sgr
eat
estcommandment“
Lov
eyourGod
andl
ovey
ournei
ghborasy
oul
ovey
our
sel
f(Lk.
10:
25-
28)
.

35
Thepr
isoner
sshoul
dev
enbet
oldt
olov
ethei
renemi
esandt
opr
ayf
ort
hosewho
per
secut
ethem.Jesuspr
ayedf
orhi
sper
secut
orssay
ing;
“Fat
herf
orgi
vet
hem f
ort
hey
knownotwhatt
heydo”(
Lk.32:
34)
.

Pr
isoner
sshoul
dbeexposedt
oref
ormat
orypr
ogr
amsl
i
kecounsel
i
ngandgui
dance,
so
t
hatt
heycaneasi
l
yref
orm andbecomel
awabi
dingci
ti
zensoft
hesoci
ety
.

Theyshoul
dbegi
vent
rai
ningwhi
l
einpr
isoni
nor
dert
oequi
pthem wi
thsomeski
l
lsl
i
ke
car
pent
rywhi
cht
heycanqui
ckl
yappl
yint
hei
rhomesaf
terpr
ison.
Pr
isoner
sshoul
dbegi
veni
ncent
ivesf
orr
efor
m.Forexampl
e,appoi
nti
ngsomeas
pr
efect
sandr
educi
ngt
hei
rsent
encef
orgoodbehav
iourwhi
l
einpr
ison.

Thef
ami
l
ymember
sandr
elat
ivesoft
hepr
isonershoul
dbeal
l
owedt
ovi
sitt
hem oncei
n
awhi
l
eandal
sot
obr
ingt
hem somel
i
ttl
emoneyf
orupkeep.

Educat
ional
faci
l
iti
esl
i
kecor
respondencecour
sesshoul
dbeal
l
owedandav
ail
edt
o
pr
isoner
swhoar
ecapabl
eandcanaf
for
dsuchunder
taki
ngs.

Communi
tyi
mpr
isonmentsent
enceshoul
dbeencour
agedi
nst
eadoft
aki
ngpeopl
eto
pr
isonsl
i
keLuzi
rawher
etheymaybel
esspr
oduct
ive.

War
densandguar
dsshoul
dhandl
epr
isoner
swi
thl
oveandconcer
n;andshowdue
r
espectt
othei
rhumanr
ight
sbecausebei
ngapr
isoneronedoesn’
tceaset
obeahuman
bei
ng.

Gov
ernmentshoul
dimpr
ovet
hecondi
ti
onofl
i
vingi
npr
isonst
hroughpr
ovi
dingbet
ter
housi
ngf
aci
l
iti
es,
li
ght
ing,
andf
eedi
ng.Besi
des,
gov
ernmentshoul
dexpandt
he
const
ruct
ionofpr
isonst
ocat
erf
ort
hei
ncr
easi
ngcr
imi
nal
s.

Thecount
sofl
awshoul
dspeedupt
hej
udgmentpr
ocesst
oav
oidov
ercr
owdi
ngi
n
36
pr
isonsbysuspect
sonr
emand.Thi
sisbecausej
ust
icedel
ayedi
sjust
icedeni
ed.

Rol
eofpr
isonwar
der
s/war
dressesi
nmai
ntai
ningLawandOr
der
.

Thepr
isonwar
der
sremandsuspect
edcr
imi
nal
sast
heyawai
ttr
ial
ort
heysendpr
isoner
s
backi
ntocust
odysot
hatmor
eev
idencecanbeobt
ained.

Thepr
isonwar
der
sorwar
dressesensur
ethatt
hoseconv
ict
eddonotescapef
rom j
ail
to
gobackt
osoci
etyandcausemor
echaos.

Theyhel
pincounsel
i
ngandgui
dingoft
hepr
isoner
ssot
hatt
heycanappr
eci
atet
hei
r
cr
imeandr
efor
mtobecomebet
terci
ti
zens.

Theyal
sot
rai
npr
isoner
swi
thdi
ff
erentski
l
lsf
orexampl
ecommer
cial
far
ming,
bri
ck
maki
ng/br
ickl
ayi
ng,
car
pent
ryandj
oiner
yet
c.

Thepr
isonwar
der
sorwar
dressespr
ovi
det
hecommuni
tywi
thf
oodwhi
chi
sobt
ained
f
rom t
hepr
isonf
arms.

Thosewhoar
etal
ent
edpr
ovi
demusi
candent
ert
ainmentt
othemassesdur
ingi
mpor
tant
cel
ebr
ati
onsl
i
keI
ndependenceDaycel
ebr
ati
ons.

Thepr
isonwar
der
s/war
dressesescor
tthepr
isoner
swhent
heyar
ebei
ngt
ransf
err
ed
f
rom onepr
isont
oanot
herorwhent
heyar
egoi
ngt
odosomemanual
wor
k.

Theypr
ovi
desecur
it
ytot
hei
rbosseswhenheyar
etol
dtobeonguar
despeci
all
yatni
ght
.

I
nanut
shel
l
,pr
isonwar
der
smai
ntai
nlawandor
derwhent
hesuspect
sar
ebr
oughtt
o
cour
tsofl
aw.

37
Rol
eoft
hepol
icei
nmai
ntai
ningl
awandor
der

Thepol
i
cehel
pinar
rest
ingcr
imi
nal
sforexampl
ecar
elessdr
unkendr
iver
sandt
ake
t
hem t
othecour
tsofl
awf
orpr
osecut
ion.

Thepol
i
ceguar
dthepeopl
eandt
hei
rpr
oper
tyf
rom cr
imi
nal
sespeci
all
ythet
hiev
es.I
n
doi
ngt
hist
heyuphol
dAr
ti
cle26/
2ofUganda’
s1995const
it
uti
onwhi
chsay
s”Noper
son
shal
lbecompul
sor
il
ydepr
ivedt
her
ightov
erpr
oper
ty”
.

I
tist
hedut
yoft
hepol
i
cet
ohel
pgui
det
het
raf
fi
cfl
owespeci
all
ydur
ingr
ushhour
sor
st
atef
unct
ionsori
nter
nat
ional
funct
ions.Dur
ingt
heCHOGM whi
cht
ookpl
acei
n
Uganda2007,
thei
nter
nat
ional
pol
i
ce(
Int
erpol
)wasusedt
ogui
def
lowoft
het
raf
fi
c.

Thepol
i
cehav
etoensur
ethatal
lvehi
clesar
eingoodmechani
cal
condi
ti
onsi
nor
dert
o
av
oidacci
dent
s.Theymustensur
eforexampl
ethatt
hei
gni
ti
on,
steer
ingwheel
,cl
utch,
br
akeet
c.ar
eal
li
ngoodcondi
ti
ons.

Thepol
i
cemenhel
pinpr
osecut
ionatt
hecour
tsofl
aw.Thi
smeanst
hatt
heyr
eadt
he
st
atementt
hatwasmadeagai
nstt
heaccusede.
g.oft
hef
tormur
der
,andt
he
magi
str
atepr
onouncesj
udgment
.

Thepol
i
ceal
sohel
pini
nvest
igat
ingcasesorspy
ingpeopl
eonbehal
foft
he
gov
ernment
.Thi
sisusual
l
ydonebyt
hecr
imi
nal
inv
est
igat
iondepar
tment(
CID)oft
he
pol
i
ce.

Thepol
i
cepr
ovi
deescor
tser
vicest
oVI
P’Sandwhent
her
ear
emoneyt
ransf
ersf
rom
onebankt
oanot
her
.Suchpol
i
ceusual
l
ygopr
epar
edt
ocount
erat
tackar
med
r
obber
s.I
tisnor
mal
l
ythev
iol
entcr
imecr
ackuni
t(VCCU)whi
chescor
ts.

38
I
tist
hedut
yoft
hepol
i
cet
ohel
pinf
ight
ingagai
nstf
ir
eout
breaks.Thi
sisnor
mal
l
y
donebyt
hef
ir
ebr
igadesect
ionoft
hepol
i
ce.

Thepol
i
cehav
eaut
hor
it
ytomai
ntai
nlawandor
der
.Theyder
ivet
hisaut
hor
it
y
f
rom abov
e,andt
heycandot
hisbymai
ntai
ningor
deri
nchaot
icsi
tuat
ionsl
i
kest
ri
kes,
boy
cot
ts,
prot
est
s,demonst
rat
ions,
andhi
ghwayr
obber
y.

Thepol
i
ceal
sopl
aysav
erysi
gni
fi
cantr
oleofpr
otect
ingsuspect
sfr
om mobj
ust
icebya
di
sor
gani
zedgr
oupofpeopl
e.

I
tist
hedut
yoft
hepol
i
cet
ogui
deanddi
rectst
ranger
stot
hei
rdest
inat
ionsespeci
all
y
t
hosewhohav
egotl
ost
.

ROLEOFTHEARMYI
NMAI
NTAI
NINGLAW ANDORDER

Thear
myi
sinst
it
utedt
opr
otectt
hecount
ryf
rom f
orei
gnorext
ernal
aggr
essi
on.I
n
doi
ngt
hisnobl
ewor
k,t
hesol
dier
sar
edef
endi
ngt
het
err
it
ori
ali
ntegr
it
yoft
hei
r
count
ry.

Thear
myi
susedt
osuppr
essi
nsur
genci
esandr
ebel
act
ivi
ti
esf
rom wi
thi
nthecount
ry.
Theyar
mydoest
hisbybui
l
dingaf
encear
oundt
hecount
ryf
rom t
hei
renemi
eswhi
ch
i
ntur
nbr
ingspeacet
otheci
ti
zens.

Thear
myguar
d’scer
tai
nmi
l
itar
yof
fi
cial
sandsensi
ti
vepl
acesl
i
kebanksf
rom at
tacks.
Bydoi
ngt
hist
heyar
epr
otect
ingt
hel
i
vesoft
heseof
fi
cial
sandt
hepr
oper
tyoft
he
sensi
ti
vepl
aces.

Thear
myi
ssomet
imesusedt
odi
sper
sest
ri
kesal
ongsi
depol
i
cemen,
especi
all
ywhen
t
hesi
tuat
ioni
spol
i
tical
l
ymot
ivat
edort
urnsoutt
obev
eryv
iol
ent
.
39
Thear
mybandt
oopr
ovi
desmusi
candent
ert
ainmentt
othecommuni
tyespeci
all
yon
st
atedaycel
ebr
ati
ons.TheUPDFbandent
ert
ainedt
hecommuni
tyi
nKaseeseon
“
Tar
ehe-
sit
a”of2012.

Thear
m hel
psi
nrest
ori
ngandpr
omot
ingpeacei
not
hercount
ri
es.Forexampl
e,t
he
USpeacekeepi
ngmi
ssi
onsi
nLi
ber
ia,
Eri
tr
eaandSomal
i
a.

Thear
myi
sal
sousedi
npr
otr
act
edl
i
ber
ati
onwar
stol
i
ber
atepeopl
efor
m di
ctat
orshi
p
E.
gwhent
heNRM l
i
ber
atedUgandai
n1986f
rom t
hedi
ctat
orshi
pofpr
evi
ousr
egi
mes.

Somesol
dier
sar
eusual
l
yputonsent
ryi
ntur
ns,
inor
dert
okeepguar
dint
hei
r
r
espect
ivebar
racks.Thi
shel
pst
odet
ectt
heenemyadv
anci
ngt
ocomeandat
tack
t
hebar
racks.

Thear
myi
sal
soi
mpor
tanti
nsav
ingpeopl
edur
ingt
het
imeofdi
sast
ersuchasf
loods,
acci
dent
set
c.f
orexampl
e,i
nUganda,
theUPDFwasusedt
osav
eli
vesofpeopl
ewho
wer
eaf
fect
edbyt
heBududal
andsl
i
desi
n2010.

Thear
myi
snotonl
yforwarbutal
sousedf
orot
herusef
ulpur
posessuchas
di
str
ibut
ingr
eli
eff
oodi
nti
mesofcal
ami
tyl
i
keear
thquakes,
landsl
i
desorf
ami
neand
dr
ought
.

CAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENT

Thi
sist
heput
ti
ngt
odeat
hoft
hecr
imi
nal
byt
hel
egal
aut
hor
it
yasaconsequenceo
t
hev
erdi
ctorsent
encepassed.I
nbr
iefi
tispuni
shmentbyexecut
ion.

Ther
ear
evar
iousmet
hodsofcar
ryi
ngoutanexecut
ion:
Thesei
ncl
ude;
elect
rocut
ion,
40
Gassi
ng,
poi
soni
ng,
hangi
ng,
gui
l
lot
ini
ng,
fir
ingsquad,
etc.

ARGUMENTSI
NFAVOUROFCAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENT
Capi
tal
puni
shmenthasanel
ementofr
etr
ibut
ionwhi
chi
sthei
nfl
i
cti
ngofequal
inj
ury
ont
hecr
imi
nal
orpay
ingbackt
hecr
imi
nal
int
hesamecur
rency
.Mur
der
ersf
orexampl
e
shoul
dbedepr
ivedoft
her
ightt
oli
fesi
ncet
heydepr
iveot
her
soft
hei
rri
ghtt
oli
ve.

Thi
ski
ndofpuni
shmentmor
eov
erv
indi
cat
esj
ust
icet
other
elat
ivesoft
hemur
der
edper
son.
Tov
indi
cat
eist
opaybacki
nthesamecur
rencysot
hatt
heof
fendedper
soncangetsat
isf
ied
t
hatt
hecr
imi
nal
hasbeengi
venwhathe/
shedeser
ves.

Thest
atehast
hedut
ytopr
omot
esecur
it
yandpeacef
ori
tsci
ti
zens,
andsoonl
ycapi
tal
puni
shmentcor
respondst
ocer
tai
ncr
imi
nal
off
encesl
i
kemur
derandt
reason.St
.Paul
teaches
t
hatany
onewhor
esi
stsaut
hor
it
yisr
ebel
l
ingagai
nstGodandt
her
efor
ethest
atehasaut
hor
it
y
f
orpuni
shi
ngwr
ongdoer
s(Rom 13:
2,4)
.

Someci
rcl
esar
guet
hat
,Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sdet
err
entt
othewoul
d-becr
imi
nal
s.Todet
eri
s
t
opr
eventot
her
sfr
om commi
tt
ingsi
mil
arcr
imes.ThebookdofDeut
eronomyj
ust
if
iest
hisact
wheni
tsay
s:Al
lthepeopl
ewi
l
lhearandbeaf
rai
d,andwi
l
lnotbecont
empt
uousagai
n
(
Deut
r.
17:
13)
.

Capi
tal
puni
shmentst
rengt
henst
hepoweroft
hest
atet
ofi
ghtagai
nstcapi
tal
off
ences
l
i
ket
reason,
mur
der
,ki
dnappi
ng,
andchi
l
dsacr
if
ice.Whenev
ersomeci
ti
zensactl
i
ke
ani
mal
s,i
tisr
easonabl
efort
hest
atet
ousef
orcet
ocount
ert
hatani
mal
li
kebehav
iouri
n
def
enseoft
her
ight
soft
heent
ir
esoci
ety
.

Somecr
imi
nal
sar
esohar
denedt
hatonl
ycapi
tal
puni
shmentcanbr
ingaboutor
der
.If
mur
der
scannotr
efor
mthent
heonl
yal
ter
nat
ivei
stoputt
hem t
odeat
h.Thesameshoul
d
appl
yforr
api
stsanddef
il
ers.

41
Ther
ear
esomepeopl
ewhochoosedel
i
ber
atel
ytodepr
iveot
her
soft
hei
rri
ghtt
oli
ve.
Theyhav
enor
eli
giousconv
ict
ionsaboutot
her
s.Thesepeopl
eshoul
dact
ual
l
ybeputt
o
deat
h.Sadam Hussei
nthef
ormerpr
esi
dentofI
raqwashangedi
nDec.
2006f
ormassi
ve
mur
der
ingofi
nnocentci
ti
zensusi
ngnucl
earweapons.

I
ntheOl
dtest
ament
,ther
eisaj
ust
if
icat
ionf
orcapi
tal
puni
shment
s.ThebookofGenesi
s
t
eachest
hat
;“Whoev
ershedst
hebl
oodofman,
bymanshal
lhi
sbl
oodbeshed(
Gen9:
6).

I
nthebookofExodus,
lawsandpenal
ti
eswer
epr
escr
ibedf
ort
heI
srael
i
tes.TheOT
t
eachesf
orexampl
ethat
,whoev
erst
ri
kesamant
odeat
h,heshal
ltoobeputt
odeat
h
(
EX.
21:
12)
.Thi
smeansaney
eforaney
e,at
oot
hforat
oot
h,ahandf
orahand,
afootf
or
af
oot(
Ex21:
24)
.

I
ntheNewTest
ament
,ther
eseemst
obeaj
ust
if
icat
ionf
ort
hecapi
tal
puni
shmentSt
.
Paul
inhi
slet
tert
otheRomanst
eachesust
hat
,“Thest
atehasaut
hor
it
ytopuni
shwi
tha
swor
d(Rom 13:
4).
WhenPaul
wasbr
oughtbef
oreCaesar
’st
ri
bunal
tobet
ri
ed,
het
est
if
ied.
”IfIhav
ebr
oken
t
hel
awanddonesomet
hingf
orwhi
chIdeser
vet
hedeat
hpenal
tyIdonotaskt
oescape
i
t(AA25:
11)
’’
.

Thedeat
hpenal
tymayhel
ptor
educeont
hef
inanci
albur
denbyt
hegov
ernment
especi
all
yifsomepr
isoner
shav
ebeengi
venl
i
fei
mpr
isonment
.

ARGUMENTSAGAI
NSTCAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENT

Put
ti
ngt
odeat
hanot
herper
soni
sthemostt
err
ibl
eat
tackagai
nstt
hef
undament
al
humanr
ightt
oli
fe.Ar
ti
cle4oft
he1995Uganda’
sconst
it
uti
onsay
s.Ev
ery
onehasar
ight
t
oli
fe,
li
ber
tyandsecur
it
y.

Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sthemostdi
str
essi
ngandcont
rov
ersi
alf
orm ofpuni
shment
.Iti
sin
f
actasoci
ety
’saccept
anceoff
ail
urei
nit
sjudi
cial
syst
em.
42
Apenal
codewhi
chi
sbasedonv
iol
enceandsoci
alr
evengei
sbr
utal
,cr
uel
,andi
nhuman.
Forexampl
e,accor
dingt
oAmnest
yint
ernat
ional
,i
ttook14mi
nut
est
oki
l
lapr
isoneri
nan
el
ect
ri
cchai
rsomet
imei
n1983atAl
abamai
nUSA,
anddur
ing,
elect
rocut
ion,
flamesand
smokeer
upt
edf
rom hi
shead.

Unl
i
keot
herpuni
shment
s,capi
tal
puni
shmentl
ackst
hecor
rect
iveel
ement
.Oncea
per
soni
sexecut
ed,
iti
simpossi
blet
obr
inghi
m backt
oli
fe,
ther
efor
ether
eisno
possi
bil
i
tyofr
efor
mingorr
ehabi
l
itat
ingt
hatper
son.

Put
ti
ngt
odeat
hofanot
herper
sonwhohaski
l
led,
soci
etyl
osest
wopeopl
einst
eadof
one;
butev
ent
hisi
sagai
nstt
hedi
gni
tyofahumanper
sonbecausemanwascr
eat
edi
n
t
hei
mageofGod(
Gen1:
26)
.

Cr
imi
nal
scaneasi
l
ybecomemor
ehar
denedbyt
het
err
orandhor
rorandbr
utal
i
tyof
capi
tal
puni
shmentoft
hei
rfr
iendssucht
hatt
heybecamemor
evi
olent
.

Const
antki
l
li
ngsofcr
imi
nal
swhoki
l
lcr
eat
espsy
chol
ogi
cal
dist
ressamongpeopl
ewho
wat
chorwi
tness.Peopl
ewhoar
esof
thear
tedmayf
ail
tor
ecov
erf
rom t
heshockoft
he
deat
hst
heywi
tnessed.

Becauseoft
hef
all
i
bil
i
tyofman,
ther
eisapossi
bil
i
tyt
hatani
nnocentper
sonmaybe
condemnedt
odeat
hbyhumanmi
stakeAmanmaybehangedandl
aterpr
ovedt
obe
i
nnocent
.Ther
eisnopossi
bil
i
tyofr
ever
singt
hesent
encewheni
tisf
oundt
hataner
ror
wasmadei
ninf
li
cti
ngt
hepuni
shment
.

I
fGodwhoendowsmanwi
tht
hisuni
quedi
gni
tydoesnotdesi
ret
hedeat
hofasi
nner
,but
hi
srepent
anceandt
hatheshoul
dli
ve(
Ezk.
18:
32)t
henonwhi
chgr
oundscant
hest
ate
sanct
iont
hedeat
hpenal
ty.

Jesusi
ntheGospel
accor
dingt
oMat
thewr
eject
edMoses’
lawofaney
eforaney
e,a
t
oot
hforat
oot
hwhenhesai
dthat
,ifany
onesl
apsy
ouont
her
ightcheek,
lethi
m sl
ap
43
y
ouont
heot
hercheekt
oo(
Mt.5:
39)
.

Thechur
chf
ori
nst
ancecannotsuppor
tcapi
tal
puni
shmentbecausei
tvi
olat
esChr
ist
’s
gr
eat
estcommandmentofl
ovef
ort
henei
ghborandl
ovef
orourenemi
es.Jesus
demonst
rat
edt
hisatt
hecr
osswhenhef
orgav
ehi
sper
secut
ors,
“Fat
herf
orgi
vet
hem,
for
t
heknownotwhatt
heydo”
.

Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
slegal
i
zedmur
derwhi
chi
sasi
nbecausei
tisGodwhoi
sthegi
ver
ofl
i
feandi
stheonl
yonewhoshoul
dtakei
taway
.Int
hebookofExodus,
theDecal
ogue
t
eachesust
hat
,“Thoushal
lnotki
l
l(Ex.
20:
13)
”.

Puni
shmentbyexecut
iondoesnotappr
opr
iat
elymeett
hef
unct
ionpur
poseofdet
err
ence.
Ki
l
li
ngofaper
soni
nacer
tai
npl
acedoesnotst
opsi
mil
arcr
imesf
rom happeni
ngi
n
anot
herpl
aceorev
ent
hesamepl
ace.Mor
eov
er,
stat
ist
icsdonotshowt
hatt
hedeat
h
penal
tyhasr
educedt
hecr
imeofmur
der
.

Put
ti
ngt
odeat
hofacr
imi
nal
woul
dbepuni
shi
nghi
srel
ati
ves,
fri
endsanddependent
s
especi
all
ythewi
feandchi
l
dren,
whowi
l
lst
il
ll
iv
etosuf
feremot
ional
l
yandoutof
depr
ivat
ionoft
hebasi
cnecessi
ti
es.I
not
herwor
ds,
thepuni
shmenti
sinf
li
ctedon
di
ff
erentpeopl
e.

Somecount
ri
esi
nEur
opel
i
keI
tal
yhav
eabol
i
shedcapi
tal
puni
shmentf
rom t
hei
rpenal
codes,
forexampl
einUSA,
13st
atesoutof50don’
thav
eitaccor
dingt
oAmnest
y
i
nter
nat
ional
Newsl
ett
erwhi
chappear
edi
n1983.

PROBLEMSASSOCI
ATEDWI
THPUNI
SHMENTS
Aper
sonmaybehav
ewel
li
nor
dert
oescapepuni
shmenti
.e.I
ftheonepol
i
cingi
snot
ar
ound,
theundesi
rabl
ebehav
iorwi
l
loccuragai
n.

Apuni
shmentsomet
imescanbeper
cei
vedassomet
hingposi
ti
ve,
forexampl
eifa

44
st
udenti
scaughtf
orni
cat
ingandhei
spuni
shedont
heassembl
y.Somest
udent
smay
seehi
m asaher
oandev
encongr
atul
atehi
m.

Somepuni
shment
smakepeopl
ehar
dent
hei
rhear
tsorbecomehar
dli
ner
sbecauseoft
he
t
err
orandbr
utal
i
tyusedi
nki
l
li
ngt
hei
rfr
iends.Suchpeopl
eendupev
enbecomi
ngmor
e
v
iol
ent
.

Apuni
shmentmaysucceedi
ndoi
ngawaywi
thbehav
iouri
noneway
,butt
hatbehav
iour
mayi
mmer
gei
nanot
herwayt
hati
snotpuni
shed.Takef
orexampl
eahusbandwhoi
s
puni
shedatt
hewor
kpl
aceandr
e-channel
shi
sangeront
hewi
fe.

Somecr
imesar
ecommi
tt
edasar
esul
tofsoci
alpr
obl
emssuchaspov
ert
y,poor
upbr
ingi
ng,
overpopul
ati
onorhav
ingbeenexpl
oit
edbyt
heempl
oyer
.So,
ani
nnocent
per
soni
spuni
shedwhenhe/shei
snotact
ual
l
yresponsi
blef
ort
hecr
ime.

Somepuni
shment
sar
emul
ti
plei
nnat
ure.f
orexampl
e,pr
isoner
ssuf
feri
nmanyway
s
suchasbei
ngdepr
ivedofnor
mal
homel
i
fe,
thei
rjobssuf
fer
ing,
bei
ngdepr
ivedofsex
wi
thwi
fe,
andhav
ingnopr
ivacyany
mor
e.

Somepuni
shment
sagai
ninf
li
ctsuf
fer
ingoni
nnocentpeopl
e.Taket
hecasef
orexampl
e
ofapr
egnantwomanwhoi
ssentt
opr
isonandt
hei
nnocentonei
nherwombsuf
fer
sthe
consequencesofhermot
her
’si
mpr
isonment
.

Somepuni
shment
sar
emor
esev
eret
hant
heyar
emeantt
obe.Takeanexampl
eof
someonewhoi
simpr
isonedf
ort
eny
ear
s;Hi
sact
ual
puni
shmentext
endsanot
hert
en
y
ear
sormor
e,becausef
rom pr
isonhemaynotf
indaj
obsi
ncepeopl
ear
esuspi
ciousof
hi
m.

Per
hapst
hewor
staspectofpuni
shmenti
sthatsomepeopl
ear
edecl
aredi
nnocentaf
ter
bei
ngpuni
shedf
orcr
imest
heydi
dnotact
ual
l
ycommi
t,onl
ythatt
heyf
ail
edt
odef
end
t
hemsel
vessuccessf
ull
y.
45
BI
BLI
CALVI
EWSONPUNI
SHMENTS

TheBi
blet
ell
sust
hatGodi
stheul
ti
mat
erul
erofev
ery
oneandHehasgi
venhumani
ty
l
awst
ofol
l
ow.Thosewhowi
l
lfol
l
owt
hem wi
l
lber
ewar
dedandt
hosewhov
iol
atet
hem
wi
l
lbepuni
shed.ThebookofDeut
eronomyt
eachesusbl
essi
ngsf
orobedi
enceand
cur
sesf
ordi
sobedi
ence(
Deut
r.
28)
.

Godwant
speopl
etol
oveHi
m,Hei
sal
soaj
ustone,
puni
shi
ngt
hosewhobr
eakHi
s
commandment
se.
g.I
nEx.32Godpuni
shedt
heI
srael
i
tesf
ormaki
ngagol
denbul
li
n
f
orm ofaGod.

I
ntheol
dtest
ament
,Godsay
s;chi
l
drenmayal
sobepuni
shedf
ort
hesi
nsoft
hei
r
par
ent
sift
heydonotdi
ssoci
atef
rom t
hei
rpar
ent
s;Ex20:
5-6…say
sforIt
heLor
dyour
God,
am aj
eal
ousyGod,
Puni
shi
ngt
hechi
l
drenf
ort
hesi
nsoft
hei
rfat
her
s,t
othet
hir
d
andf
our
thgener
ati
on”
…..

Ner
vel
ess,
weshoul
dknowt
hatt
hesameBi
bleal
sot
ell
sust
hatwear
eper
sonal
l
y
r
esponsi
blef
ort
heconsequencesofouract
ions.Accor
dingt
oDeut
r.
24:
16,
aper
soni
sto
bepuni
shedf
ort
hesi
nshehascommi
tt
edandnotf
ort
hesi
nsofanot
her
.
Pr
ophetJer
emi
aht
eaches;
Inst
eadev
ery
onewi
l
ldi
efort
hisownsi
n,whoev
ereat
ssour
gr
apes,
hisownt
eet
hwi
l
lbesetonedge(
Jer
.31:
30)
.Besi
desI
sai
ahal
socl
ear
lyst
ates
t
hatev
ery
onewi
l
lbepuni
shedf
ort
hewr
ongsheorshedi
d(I
s.10:
1-3)
.

Howev
er,
iti
sdi
ff
icul
ttounder
standwhyt
hegood,
honest
,andj
ustpeopl
esuf
fer
,whi
l
e
t
hewi
ckedpr
osper
.Thebestexpl
anat
ionseemst
obet
hatt
hej
ust
iceofGodwi
l
lnotbe
donei
nthi
sear
thl
ywor
ld.

Thewi
semani
nthebooki
fpr
over
bssay
s;”Amanwhof
ail
stouseast
ickhat
eshi
sson;
46
t
hemanwhoi
sfr
eewi
thhi
scor
rect
ionl
oveshi
m(Pr
ov13:
24)
.Spar
ether
odandspoi
l
t
hechi
l
d.

Asi
mil
ari
deai
srei
ter
atedi
nPr
over
bs23:
13-
14whi
cht
eachest
hat
;“Donotbechar
yof
cor
rect
ingachi
l
d,ast
rokeoft
hecanei
snotl
i
kel
ytoki
l
lhi
m,i
nst
eadi
tmaysav
ehi
sli
fe
f
rom sheol
.

TheNewt
est
amentt
ell
sust
hatbadpeopl
ewi
l
lbesentof
ftoet
ernal
puni
shment
,wher
e
asr
ight
eouspeopl
ewi
l
lgot
oet
ernal
happi
nessoret
ernal
li
fe(
Mt25:
46)
.

I
nhi
spr
eachi
ngJesusemphasi
zedt
hef
actt
hatal
lmenwi
l
lhav
etogi
veaccountont
he
DayofJudgmentf
orev
erycar
elesswor
dtheyhav
espoken;
forbyy
ourwor
dsy
ouwi
l
lbe
acqui
tt
ed,
andbyy
ourwor
dsy
ouwi
l
lbecondemned(
Mt12:
36f
).

St
.Paul
suppor
tst
hev
iewt
hatpeopl
ear
erewar
dedorpuni
shedf
ort
hei
ract
ionswhenhe
st
ates;
“Forwemustal
lappearbef
oreChr
istt
obej
udgedbyhi
m,t
hateachonemay
r
ecei
vewhati
sdonet
ohi
mfort
het
hingsdonegoodorbadi
nbodi
l
yli
fe(
2Cor
.5:
10)
.

Chr
ist
iansar
erequi
redt
oactonbehal
fofGod,
andpuni
shwr
ongdoer
s.Thi
showev
er
shoul
dbedonebyt
hosei
naut
hor
it
y.Paul
clear
lybr
ingsoutt
hisv
iew,
“Forr
uler
sar
enot
t
obef
ear
edbyt
hosewhodogood,
butbyt
hosewhodoev
il
.Woul
dyoul
i
ket
obe
unaf
rai
dofamani
naut
hor
it
y?Thendowhati
sgoodandhewi
l
lpr
aisey
ou(
Rom 13:
3).

St
.Pet
err
eit
erat
est
hesamei
deawhenhewr
it
es,
“….Submi
ttoev
eryhumanaut
hor
it
y,t
o
t
heEmper
or,
thegov
ernor
s,whohav
ebeenappoi
ntedbyhi
mtopuni
sht
heev
ildoer
sand
t
opr
aiset
hosewhodogood(
1Pt
.2:
13-
14)
”.

PRUJUDI
CEANDDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON

Pr
ejudi
cei
stheunf
avor
abl
eopi
nionorf
eel
i
ngf
ormedbef
orehandorwi
thoutknowl
edge
47
andexami
nat
ionoft
hef
act
s.

Pr
ejudi
cei
sinf
actapr
e-concei
vedopi
niont
hati
snotbasedonr
easonorexper
ience,
iti
s
abasel
essandusual
l
ynegat
iveat
ti
tudet
owar
dsmember
sofacer
tai
ngr
oup.

Di
scr
imi
nat
ionr
efer
stoput
ti
ngadi
sti
nct
ionandmaki
ngdi
ff
erencesbet
weenpeopl
e,on
i
rr
elev
antconsi
der
ati
onssuchasr
ace,
gender
,rel
i
gion,
ort
ri
be;
whi
chdepr
ivesaper
son
ofhi
sorherr
ight
s.

Howev
er,
notal
lfor
msofdi
scr
imi
nat
ionar
ewr
ong;
Ther
ear
esomef
ormsof
di
scr
imi
nat
ionwhi
char
enecessar
yorbenef
ici
al.Acr
imi
nal
mayf
orexampl
ebe
di
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstandi
sol
atedf
ort
hecommongoodorasaj
ustpenal
ty.

FORMSOFDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON

Tr
ibal
discr
imi
nat
ion;
thi
sist
heet
hni
cloy
alt
ywhi
chunf
air
lydi
scr
imi
nat
esagai
nst
member
sofanot
hert
ri
beorot
hert
ri
bes.I
tisusual
l
ymani
fest
edt
hroughput
ti
ng
undeser
vedf
avor
sonmember
sofone’
set
hicgr
oup.I
nUgandaf
orexampl
etheBaganda
hav
eal
way
sdi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstt
heBany
oroov
ert
hel
ostcount
iessi
nce1964.

Raci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
Thi
sist
heassumpt
iont
hatone’
sracei
ssuper
iort
hanot
her
s.The
whi
tesmor
eespeci
all
ytheAmer
icansf
eel
theyar
esuper
iort
otheBl
ackAf
ri
cans.That
’s
whyi
ntheGenev
aconf
erenceof1948t
her
ewasahotseatdebat
eonwhet
herAf
ri
cans
wer
ereal
humanbei
ngsl
i
ket
hewhi
tesornot
!

Rel
i
giousdi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
Chr
ist
iansmaydi
scr
imi
nat
eagai
nstot
herdenomi
nat
ionsand
t
hinkt
hatt
hei
rrel
i
gioni
sthebest
.InNi
ger
iaf
orexampl
ether
ear
econst
antwar
s
bet
weent
heMosl
emsandChr
ist
iansbecauset
het
wor
eli
gionsdi
scr
imi
nat
eoneanot
her
.

Sex
ual
discr
imi
nat
ion;
Manysoci
eti
esdi
sregar
dwomenandt
aket
hem t
obei
nfer
iort
o
men.Thi
sisseeni
nthel
i
mit
ededucat
ionoppor
tuni
ti
esf
ort
hegi
rl
-chi
l
d.Howev
er,
today
48
i
nUganda,
ther
eisr
ever
sedi
scr
imi
nat
ionbecauseoft
hegov
ernment
s’ef
for
tst
orai
se
t
hest
atusofwomen.

Mi
nor
it
ydi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
theunderpr
ivi
l
egedl
i
ket
hedi
sabl
edandr
efugeesar
etr
eat
edas
i
nfer
iorbyt
hemaj
ori
tygr
oupamongwhom t
heyl
i
vebecauset
heymaynotbeabl
eto
def
endt
hemsel
ves.

Cul
tur
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
somecul
tur
escl
aimt
obesuper
iort
oot
her
sinv
ari
ousi
deas,
bel
i
efs,
andpr
act
ices.Manypeopl
ebel
i
evet
hatt
heBagandaar
etoopr
oudandt
hatt
hey
t
hinkhi
ghl
yoft
hemsel
ves.

Economi
cdi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
thef
ir
stwor
ldcount
ri
esl
i
keAmer
icaandBr
it
ainmay
somet
imesexpl
oitt
hedev
elopi
ngcount
ri
esbyt
ryi
ngt
ocont
rol
them andev
enuset
hei
r
r
esour
ces.
Heal
thdi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
somesi
ckpeopl
ear
edi
scr
imi
nat
edandi
sol
atedf
rom t
he
communi
tyonheal
thgr
ounds.I
nUgandaf
orexampl
eint
hey
ear2000,
Ebol
apat
ient
sin
Nor
ther
nUgandawer
edi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstbecauset
hedi
seasewascont
agi
ous.

Educat
ional
/pr
ofessi
onal
discr
imi
nat
ion;
Ther
eisat
endencyf
ort
hosewi
thbet
ter
educat
ional
oppor
tuni
ti
est
odespi
set
hosewi
thl
esseducat
ion.Thi
sissuppor
tedbyt
he
pr
over
b;”Bi
rdsoft
hesamef
eat
her
sfl
ockt
oget
her
”.

Agedi
scr
imi
nat
ion;
Inmanysoci
eti
esont
hegl
obal
scene,
theagedorel
der
lypeopl
ehav
e
beendi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstbybei
ngl
abel
edasout
dat
edandusel
ess.Thi
shasgi
venr
ise
t
othegener
ati
ongapbet
weent
hey
oungandt
heol
dwi
theachagegr
oupdespi
singand
under
mini
ngt
heot
her
.

CASESOFPREJUDI
CEI
NSOCI
ETY

Manywhi
test
hinkt
hatt
heAf
ri
cans(
blacks)ar
enotpeopl
eli
ket
heot
her
s.Forexampl
e,
49
i
ntheGenev
aconv
ent
ionof1948t
her
ewasadebat
eonwhet
herAf
ri
canswer
ereal
humanbei
ngsornot
.

ManyUgandansbel
i
evet
hatt
heBagandaar
etoopr
oudandt
hatt
heyt
hinkhi
ghl
yof
t
hemsel
ves.I
tisal
l
egedt
hatt
hef
ormerPr
esi
dentofUgandaDr
.Mi
l
tonObot
esai
dthat
“
AgoodMugandawasadeadone!
”

Manypeopl
ethi
nkt
hatBaki
gaofSout
her
nUgandaar
etoughandr
ough.Theyar
evi
olent
hencear
enotpol
i
shed.Thi
sexpl
ainst
hecl
ashest
hatusual
l
ytakepl
acei
nKi
baal
e
Di
str
ictbet
weent
henat
iveBany
oroandt
heBaki
gacommonl
yknownas“
Baf
uruki
”.

Ther
eisal
soaconv
ent
ional
tendencyt
obel
i
evet
hatt
hepr
otest
ant
sar
eal
way
s
di
shonestandnotst
rai
ghtf
orwar
d.Theyar
ecunni
ngandcr
aft
yint
hei
rwayofdoi
ng
t
hings.

Somepol
i
tici
ansbel
i
evet
hatCat
hol
i
cscannotbest
ater
uler
s.Theycannotat
tai
nthe
hi
ghestof
fi
cei
nthel
andbecauset
heyar
eal
way
sbackbencher
sandt
hatt
heyar
e
dr
unkar
ds.

Ther
eisal
soabel
i
eft
hatt
heBany
arwandaar
eal
way
scheat
ingandst
eal
i
ng.Thi
swhyi
n
manyBagandadr
amapl
ays(
Kat
embagr
oups)
,ther
eissomet
imesaMuny
arwanda
char
act
erwhoi
sal
way
sshabbi
l
ydr
essedandbehav
esl
i
keacheat
.

TheBasogaandBagi
shuar
eusual
l
ytakenbyt
hepopul
acet
obev
eryf
reei
nsexual
mat
ter
s.Thef
ormerv
icepr
esi
dentofUgandaf
rom t
hel
andcont
endedt
hiswhenshe
sai
dthat
,“t
heBasogamendonotneedVi
agr
atogi
vesexual
sat
isf
act
iont
othewomen.

Manyl
ait
iesar
ebel
i
evedt
obev
erycr
it
ical
byt
hei
rleader
s;buti
ntur
ntheyal
sot
akeal
l
r
eli
giousl
eader
s,pr
iest
sandpast
orsal
i
ke,
tobet
ypi
cal
dict
ator
s.

50
CHRI
STI
ANVI
EWSABOUTDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON

Thebi
bleemphasi
zesequal
i
tyofal
lmenandwomenr
egar
dlessoft
ri
be,
col
ourorsex.
Thi
sist
ruebecauseal
lofusar
ecr
eat
edi
nthesamei
mageofGod(
Gen1:
26)
.

Thebi
blei
sagai
nstexpl
oit
ati
onandoppr
essi
onoft
hepoor
.Godwasf
orexampl
enot
happywi
tht
hepl
i
ghtoft
heI
srael
i
tesi
nEgy
pt,
andhesentMosest
osett
hem f
ree.

Chr
ist
iansemphasi
zel
ovef
oroneanot
her
.Jesusf
orexampl
egav
ethegr
eat
est
commandment“
Lov
etheLor
dyourGod….Andl
ovey
ournei
ghbor“
(Mt22:
34-
40)
.

Jesusi
sacl
earexampl
eofaper
sonwhoassoci
atedwi
thpeopl
efr
eel
ywi
thoutany
di
scr
imi
nat
ion.Hef
orex
ampl
eassoci
atedf
reel
ywi
tht
axcol
l
ect
ors,
non-
Jews,
and
womenl
i
keMar
yandMar
tha.

Thepar
abl
eoft
hegoodSamar
it
an(
Lk.
10:
30-
37)gi
vesusagoodr
oleofaSamar
it
anand
t
hebadr
oleofr
eli
giousl
eader
swhodi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstSamar
it
ans.

St
.Paul
giv
esnor
oom f
ordi
scr
imi
nat
ionwhenhesay
sthat
;ther
eisnei
therJewnor
Gr
eek,
ther
eisnei
thersl
avenorf
ree,
ther
eisnei
thermal
eorf
emal
e;f
oral
lofusar
eone
i
nChr
ist(
Gal
.3:
28)
.

I
nhi
slet
teroft
heEphesi
ans(
Eph.
6:1-
4)St
.Paul
exhor
tschi
l
drent
orespectandobey
t
hei
rpar
ent
sfori
tist
hei
rdut
y.Par
ent
sar
eli
kewi
seadv
isedt
obr
ingupt
hei
rchi
l
drenwi
th
under
standi
ngandnotwi
thanyr
esent
mentordi
scr
imi
nat
ion.

Thef
acti
sthatChr
istdi
edf
oral
lmanki
nd(
Rom.
5:8)i
rr
espect
iveoft
hegr
oundsofwhi
ch
wedi
scr
imi
nat
eour
sel
ves,
meanst
hatwear
eal
lsi
nner
s;andt
hathecamet
osav
eal
lof
us.

WhenJesusaskedf
oradr
inkf
rom aSamar
it
anwoman(
Jn.
4:7-
9),
thewomanwant
edt
o
51
di
scr
imi
nat
eagai
nstJesuswhowasaJew;
Butf
orJesus,
peopl
eofal
ltr
ibesar
efi
rstof
al
lhumanper
sonsandar
enott
obeseenonl
yasmember
sofsuchandsuchat
ri
be.

Chr
ist
iansar
ether
efor
ecal
l
edupont
ohav
eanopenat
ti
tudewi
thoutanypr
ejudi
ceand
di
scr
imi
nat
ion.

Besi
desChr
ist
iansshoul
dpr
ayf
oral
lthosewhodi
scr
imi
nat
eot
her
s,t
ohav
econv
ersi
on
ofhear
t;t
hatonedaywecanal
lsi
ngonev
oicesay
ing;
“InChr
istt
her
eisnoEastorWest
,
i
nHi
m noSout
horNor
th………

REFUGEES

CAUSESOFREFUGEES

Accor
dingt
oUni
tedNat
ions,
ref
ugeesar
eper
sonswhoar
efor
cedt
ogoout
sidet
hei
r
count
ri
esofnat
ional
i
tyduet
ofearofper
secut
ionbyr
easonsofr
ace,
tri
be,
orpol
i
tical
opi
nions.

Pol
i
tical
inst
abi
l
ityorci
vi
lwar
sfor
cepeopl
etol
eav
ethei
rcount
ri
esofor
igi
n,f
orsaf
etyof
t
hei
rli
ves.TheRwanda’
sci
vi
lgenoci
dewarof1994causedv
erymanyHut
ust
oseek
r
efugei
nUgandaandot
hernei
ghbor
ingcount
ri
es.

Rel
i
giousdi
scr
imi
nat
ional
somayf
orcepeopl
etoseekr
efugei
not
hercount
ri
esf
orf
ear
ofbei
ngper
secut
edf
ort
hei
rfai
th.Theper
secut
ionsofChr
ist
iansi
nSudanbyt
heAr
abs
f
orcedt
heChr
ist
iant
osecedeandf
orm Sout
her
nSudanr
epubl
i
cin2011.

Pol
i
tical
vict
imi
zat
ionbyt
hosei
npowerhasal
socausedpeopl
etol
eav
ethei
rcount
ri
es
ofor
igi
nforsaf
etyoft
hei
rli
ves.Forexampl
e,Maj
orRwaboni
Okwi
rif
ledhi
scount
ry
Ugandaasar
esul
tofbei
ngv
ict
imi
zedbyt
heN.
R.Mf
orcol
l
abor
ati
ngwi
thFDCmai
n
opposi
ti
onpar
ty.
52
Raci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionhasal
socausedt
her
efugeepr
obl
em.Thewhi
temi
nor
it
yinSout
h
Af
ri
caoppr
essedandsegr
egat
edagai
nstt
hemaj
ori
tyAf
ri
cans.Thi
sissueofapar
thei
din
Sout
hAf
ri
cacausev
erymanybl
ackst
oleav
ethei
rcount
ryf
ort
hesaf
etyoft
hei
rli
vesi
n
t
he1980’
s.

Geogr
aphi
cal
cat
ast
rophesl
i
keear
thquakesorl
andsl
i
deshav
eal
socausedpeopl
eto
mov
eawayf
rom t
hei
rcount
ri
esofor
igi
ntol
ookf
orsur
viv
ali
not
hercount
ri
es.

Cul
tur
alpr
act
icessuchasci
rcumci
sion,
geni
tal
mut
il
ati
onf
orwomenet
c….al
socause
somepeopl
etobecomer
efugeesi
nanat
temptt
orunawayf
rom suchcul
tur
aldemands.

Sex
ual
discr
imi
nat
ionespeci
all
yincount
ri
eswher
ewomenar
enotr
egar
dedasi
mpor
tant
asmenmayal
sobr
ingaboutar
efugeepr
obl
em.Forexampl
e,i
nIndi
aandSaudi
Arabi
a,
womenar
efor
cedt
obecomer
efugeessot
hatt
heycanenj
oyt
hei
rfundament
alhuman
r
ight
s.

Somepeopl
ebecomer
efugeesbecauseofr
unni
ngawayf
rom j
ust
iceaf
tercommi
tt
ing
ser
iouscr
imessuchasmur
deranddef
il
ement
.

Unempl
oymental
sof
orcespeopl
etomov
eoutoft
hei
rmot
hercount
ri
est
olookf
or
empl
oyment
.Thi
sexpl
ainst
hei
nfl
uxofmanyUgandanst
oEur
opeancount
ri
esorJapan.

Somepeopl
ebecomer
efugeesbecauseofoccupat
ional
orpr
ofessi
onal
discr
imi
nat
ion.
Thi
shasbeenev
identespeci
all
yindev
elopi
ngcount
ri
eswher
eBr
aindr
aini
stheor
derof
t
hedayaspeopl
etr
ytol
ookf
or“
greenerpast
ures”i
ndev
elopedcount
ri
esi
nrel
ati
ont
o
t
hei
rqual
i
ficat
ions.

I
MPACTOFTHEREFUGEEPROBLEM
53
NEGATI
VES
Cr
eat
ionofr
efugeecampse.
g.Ky
angwal
ii
nKi
kuubeDi
str
ict
.
Separ
ati
onoff
ami
l
ies.
Di
seasesi
ncampse.
g.Chol
eraout
breaki
nKi
vuDRC1997.
Popul
ati
oni
ncr
easeandcongest
ioni
ncamps.
Env
ironment
aldegr
adat
ion.
Poorl
i
vingcondi
ti
onsi
ncamps.
Subv
ersi
veact
sagai
nstt
hei
rcount
ri
es.

Gr
eatst
rai
nont
hebudget
.

At
tackbybandi
tse.
g.onDar
barcampi
nKeny
a1997.
Fr
ict
ionbet
weennei
ghbor
ingcount
ri
es.

POSI
TIVES.

Encour
agedr
esear
ch.
Rul
eofj
ust
ice/t
ri
bunal
sest
abl
i
shed.
I
mpr
ovedr
elat
ionsbet
weencount
ri
ese.
g.t
hroughUNHCR.
UNHCRhasbui
l
tschool
s,hospi
tal
s,r
epai
redr
oads……
Peacei
nit
iat
ivesf
ordi
plomat
icr
elat
ionse.
g.Ar
ushapeaceaccor
d.
Cr
eat
ivi
tyamongt
her
efugees/
ski
l
lsdev
pt.
Pr
ovi
sionofempl
oymentt
osomepeopl
e(UNCR)
.
Char
it
yor
gani
zat
ionsi
npl
ace

SOLUTI
ONSTOTHEPROBLEM OFREFUGEES
TheChur
chshoul
dpr
eachf
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ionamongt
heconf
li
cti
ngpar
ti
es.
Theycanpr
act
ical
l
ydot
hisbypl
ayi
ngt
her
oleofar
bit
rat
ionormedi
ati
on.

54
Thepr
act
iceofdemocr
acyandt
her
uleofl
awcanenhancepol
i
tical
stabi
l
ityt
hus
r
educi
ngt
her
ateofr
efugees.

Thechur
chshoul
dpr
eachl
oveamongt
hepeopl
eofGod,
ast
hiswoul
dcur
tai
lconf
li
ct
emanat
ingf
rom t
ri
bal
i
sm,
raci
sm et
c…hencet
hisact
ingasasol
uti
ont
other
efugee
pr
obl
em.

Thepr
ovi
sionofsoci
alser
viceswi
thoutdi
scr
imi
nat
ionbyt
heGov
ernmentandNGO’
s
shoul
dbeencour
aged,
ast
hisofcour
sewoul
dreduceont
her
ateofr
efugees.

Thel
egi
slat
ureshoul
dfor
mul
atej
ustandf
airl
awswhi
chwi
l
lgi
vef
reedomst
othei
r
peopl
eint
hei
rowncount
ryandwi
l
lther
efor
enotl
ookf
orwar
dtobecomi
ngr
efugees.

Thechur
chshoul
dencour
aget
hef
airdi
str
ibut
ionofbur
densandhonor
s,empl
oyment
oppor
tuni
ti
es,
plusot
hernat
ional
resour
ces.

Chr
ist
ianscanal
sosol
vet
hepr
obl
em ofr
efugeesbypr
ayi
ngt
oGodf
orasol
uti
on.They
shoul
dpr
ayf
ort
her
efugeest
ohav
eper
sev
erance,
butal
sopr
ayf
ort
hepeopl
ewhof
orce
ot
her
stobecomer
efugees,
sot
hatt
heymayhav
econv
ert
edhear
ts.

Thepr
obl
em ofr
efugeescanal
sobesol
vedt
hroughr
espect
ingt
hef
undament
alhuman
r
ight
ssuchast
her
ightt
oli
fe,
freedom ofpr
ess,
andf
reedom ofassoci
ati
on.

Thechur
chandgov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytopr
ovi
def
ort
her
efugeesi
nter
msoff
ood,
shel
ter
,medi
cal
car
e,andcounsel
i
ngamongot
her
s.

Thechur
chshoul
dadv
isegov
ernmentt
oimpr
oveont
her
emuner
ati
onoft
heempl
oyees.
Empl
oyeesshoul
dbepai
daccor
dingt
othei
rqual
i
ficat
ionsandt
hewor
kdonesot
hat
peopl
est
opmov
ingoutoft
hei
rmot
hercount
ri
est
olookf
orgr
eenerpast
ures.

Thoseper
secut
edont
hebasi
soft
hei
rfai
thshoul
dbeadv
isedbyt
hechur
cht
oendur
e

55
si
nceChr
istwasal
soper
secut
edbutdi
dnotgi
veupandf
inal
l
ybecamev
ict
ori
ous.

THENATI
ONANDTHESTATE

Anat
ioni
sal
argecommuni
tyofpeopl
ewhoar
euni
tedbyt
iesofbl
ood,
acommon
l
anguage,
andacommoncul
tur
e;usual
l
yhav
ingapol
i
tical
char
act
erorpol
i
tical
aspi
rat
ions.

Ast
atei
sanor
gani
zedpol
i
tical
communi
tyunderonegov
ernmentusual
l
ymadeupof
v
erymanynat
ionsorpeopl
es,
boundt
oget
herbycommonmat
eri
ali
nter
est
sbuthav
ing
l
i
ttl
eornot
hingi
ncommonasr
egar
dsor
igi
ns,
languageandcul
tur
e.

Nat
ionbui
l
dingr
efer
stot
hedr
awi
ngt
oget
herofpeopl
eofdi
ff
erentet
hni
cgr
oupsi
ntoa
uni
tybasedonacommoncul
tur
e,andul
ti
mat
elyt
hroughi
nter
mar
ri
ages.

TheGov
ernmentont
heot
herhandi
sabodywhi
chhast
heaut
hor
it
ytoconductt
he
pol
i
cyact
ions,
andaf
fai
rsoft
hest
ate.

I
tisnotgoodf
oral
lpowert
obeconcent
rat
edi
nthehandsofonei
ndi
vi
dual
orasmal
l
gr
oupofpeopl
eandbecauseoft
hisr
easont
her
ear
eusual
l
ythr
eedi
ff
erentbr
anchesof
t
hegov
ernmenti
.e.t
hel
egi
slat
ure,
theexecut
ive,
andt
hej
udi
ciar
y.

Thel
egi
slat
urei
sthenat
ional
assembl
yorpar
li
amentwhi
chi
sthel
aw-
maki
ngbodyi
n
anygi
vencount
ry.I
not
herwor
ds,
iti
sthepol
i
cy-maki
ngbody
.

Theexecut
ive,
commonl
yref
err
edt
oasgov
ernmenti
susual
l
ycompr
isedoft
hepr
esi
dent
orpr
imemi
nist
erwi
thcabi
netmi
nist
ersandahi
erar
chyofci
vi
lser
vant
swhoi
mpl
ement
whathasbeenpl
annedordeci
ded.

TheJudi
ciar
yisani
ndependentor
ganoft
hegov
ernmentwhi
chi
susual
l
ycompr
isedof
56
t
hej
udgesoft
hecount
ry,
thecour
tsofl
aw,
thepol
i
ce,
andt
hepr
isons.I
tspr
imar
yrol
eis
t
omai
ntai
nlawandor
derandt
oensur
ethatt
hegov
ernmenti
sanswer
abl
etoi
ts
l
egi
slat
ors/
nat
ional
assembl
y/par
li
ament
.

FAMI
LYOFNATI
ONS

Fr
om agescr
adl
emenandwomenhav
ecomet
oreal
i
zet
hei
rcommonhumani
tyand
i
nter
dependencei
nthi
swor
ld.

Thedev
elopmentofr
api
dmeansofcommuni
cat
ionandt
ranspor
t(e.
g.MTNandAer
o
pl
ane)
,TheShockOfThet
wowor
ldwar
s,t
hespr
eadofmoder
nsci
ent
if
icdi
scov
eri
es,
hav
eal
ll
edt
oawi
despr
eadr
eal
i
zat
iont
hatmanki
ndi
nhabi
tsonev
astgl
obal
vil
l
age.

Theest
abl
i
shmentofUni
tedNat
ionsOr
gani
zat
ionwi
thi
tsv
ari
ousbr
anchesi
sthebest
secul
arexampl
eofmanki
ndunder
standi
ngofhi
suni
tyi
ndi
ver
sit
y;andoft
hedesi
ref
or
wor
ldwi
depeaceandj
ust
icepl
usequal
humandev
elopmentf
oral
lpeopl
e.

Thef
actt
hatwear
ehumanbei
ngsbef
orewear
eci
ti
zensofanypar
ti
cul
arcount
ryi
sa
cl
eari
ndi
cat
ionoft
hei
nher
entdesi
ref
oral
lofust
obel
ongt
oonef
ami
l
yofNat
ions,
r
egar
dlessofourdi
ff
erencesi
nrace,
sex
,andi
deol
ogy
.

I
nthepastbutal
sot
oday
,wear
ewi
tnessi
ngt
hegr
ossv
iol
ati
onofhumanr
ight
s
per
pet
rat
edbyt
heagent
sofdi
ff
erentst
ates.Forexampl
e,t
heat
tackont
hepent
agoni
n
USAbyt
het
err
ori
stsi
n2001l
eftv
erymanyi
nnocentpeopl
edead!Shoul
dn’
tthi
ski
ndof
t
err
ori
sm cal
lforani
nter
nat
ional
concer
n?

I
nther
ecentpastwehav
ehadapar
thei
dinSout
hAf
ri
ca;
todaywecanf
ocusont
hepl
i
ght
ofmi
l
li
onsofr
efugeesi
ndi
ff
erentpar
tsoft
hiswor
ld;
All
theseandot
her
sindeedar
ea
i
ssueswhi
chshoul
dnotbei
gnor
ed,
butdeal
twi
thbyt
heent
ir
efami
l
yofNat
ions.
57
Ther
efor
e,pol
i
tical
groupi
ngsev
olv
ebecausei
ndi
vi
dual
sandf
ami
l
iesorot
hergr
oups
whi
chcomposet
hepol
i
tical
groupar
eawar
ethatt
heyar
einsuf
fi
cient
,ont
hei
rown,
to
est
abl
i
shaf
ull
yhumanenv
ironmentandt
omaket
hisenv
ironmentabet
terpl
acet
oli
ve
i
n.

Ev
erypol
i
tical
soci
etyhast
wodi
sti
nct
ivef
eat
ures:
-
(
a)Ther
eisacommuni
tymadeupoff
ami
l
ieswhi
chr
ecogni
zet
hei
rdependenceon
oneanot
her
.
(
b)Acommonaut
hor
it
ywhi
chi
srecogni
zedashav
ingpowert
odi
rectt
hemember
s
t
owar
dsacommongoal
ofwel
l
-bei
ngandhav
ingt
hedut
ytoguar
ant
eet
he
secur
it
yofi
ndi
vi
dual
sandf
ami
l
iesagai
nstanyf
orm ofi
njust
ice.

CHRI
STI
ANVI
EWSONTHEWORLDASONEFAMI
LYOFNATI
ONS

Despi
tet
her
aci
aldi
ff
erences,
all
manki
ndor
igi
nat
edf
rom AdmanandEv
e.Ther
efor
e,we
ar
eal
lmember
soft
hesamef
ami
l
y.

Theev
angel
i
stMat
thewi
nchapt
er6:
9-15pr
esent
sourLor
d’spr
ayerwhi
chcl
ear
lyshows
t
hatwehav
ethesameFat
herandassuchwear
ebr
otherandsi
ster
s.

Al
lhumanbei
ngswer
ecr
eat
edbyoneGodr
egar
dlessofsex,
race,
orski
ncol
our
,andi
tis
f
act
ual
thatwewer
eal
lcr
eat
edi
nGod‘
simage(
Gen.
1:24)
.

Accor
dingt
oPr
ophetI
sai
ah,
all
nat
ionsshal
lbewor
shi
poneGod(
Is.
2:1-
4).NoNat
ion
shal
lri
set
ofi
ghtanot
heroneandnev
ert
opr
epar
eforbat
tl
eagai
n.

Jesus’
lawofl
ovef
ornei
ghborembr
acesal
lpeopl
eofal
lnat
ionsoft
hewor
ldr
egar
dless
oft
hedi
ff
erentst
ateswebel
ongt
o.

John’
smessagei
sthesamet
oal
lnat
ions“
ForGodsol
ovedt
hewor
ldt
hatHesentHi
s
58
onl
ybegot
tensonandt
hatt
hewor
ldmi
ghtbesav
edt
hroughhi
m(Jn.
3:16)
.

Pr
ophetJer
emi
ahwascal
l
edt
obeapr
ophetofal
lNat
ionsoft
hewor
ld(
Jer
.1:
3)andnot
ofapar
ti
cul
arNat
ion.

Themi
ssi
onoft
hechur
chi
stopr
eacht
hegoodnewst
oal
lnat
ionsoft
hewor
ldandt
o
br
ingpeaceamongt
hem.

Jesus’
mini
str
ywasnotconf
inedt
otheJewsal
onebutal
sot
otheGent
il
es,
andi
ndeedt
o
al
lnat
ionsoft
hewor
ld.

I
nhi
steachi
ng,
St.Paul
obser
vedt
hatmanki
ndhassi
nnedandf
all
enshor
tofGod’
sgl
ory
.
Ther
efor
e,weal
lneedr
edempt
ionaspeopl
eofal
lnat
ionsoft
hewor
ld.

ThePsal
mistsay
sthatt
hewor
ldi
sforGod(
Ps.
24:
1)andal
lthati
sini
t.Ther
efor
e,al
l
nat
ionsasaf
ami
l
ybel
ongt
oGod.

Last
lybutbynomeanst
hel
east
,theat
onementdeat
handr
esur
rect
ionofJesusChr
isti
s
asour
ceofr
edempt
iont
oal
lnat
ionsoft
hewor
ldasr
ecor
dedi
nRomans3:
23-
24.

THECONCEPTOFAJUSTWAR

Aj
ustwari
sanaggr
essi
onorav
iol
encewhi
chi
sunav
oidabl
ebecauseoft
hedemand
andt
hepopul
arsuppor
tbyt
hemassesi
nagi
vencount
ry.

I
tisawayofget
ti
ngr
idofv
iol
ati
onofhumanr
ight
sbyt
hegov
ernmentorany
bodyi
n
aut
hor
it
y.I
tist
husawarai
medatr
est
ori
nghumanf
reedomsandmai
ntenanceofhuman
r
ight
s.

Aj
ustwarai
msatsav
ingt
hel
i
vesofi
nnocentpeopl
eforexampl
etheoppr
essed,
the

59
i
nter
nal
l
ydi
spl
acedpeopl
eandt
her
efugees.

I
tisawaragai
nstal
lfor
msofcor
rupt
ionl
i
keabuseofof
fi
ce,
fraud,
embezzl
ement
,
Br
iber
y,sect
ari
ani
sm,
graf
t,bi
d–r
iggi
ng,
kickbackset
c.

I
tisawart
hati
scar
ri
edoutf
ort
hewel
far
eoft
hemaj
ori
tyofci
ti
zensofagi
vencount
ry
andnotmer
elyf
orper
sonal
int
erest
s.

Aj
ustwari
sthatonewher
eenemi
esar
etr
eat
edwi
thcompassi
onandl
ove.I
tisawar
whi
chdoesnotv
iol
atet
hebi
bli
cal
pri
nci
plesofl
oveandj
ust
ice.

I
tisawart
hati
sai
medatdef
endi
ngt
heconst
it
uti
onandt
her
uleofl
awi
nagi
ven
count
ry.Thepur
posei
stor
est
oreconst
it
uti
onal
gov
ernancei
nthataf
fect
edcount
ry.

Aj
ustwarai
msati
nst
il
li
ngmor
alsi
nthegov
ernmentof
fi
cial
sandt
heci
ti
zensatl
arge.
Ther
efor
e,i
npar
ti
ci
pat
ingi
nthi
swar
,cer
tai
net
hical
pri
nci
plesmustbef
oll
owed.

I
tal
soai
msatsav
ingt
heendanger
edspeci
esort
het
hreat
enedpeopl
eli
ket
hemi
nor
it
y
gr
oupsi
nsomecount
ri
esort
hei
ncar
cer
atedwi
thoutt
ri
al.

Aj
ustwarmusthav
ecl
eargoal
swhi
char
eaccept
edbyt
hemaj
ori
tyofci
ti
zens.Those
whodonotacceptt
hei
rgoal
sshoul
dnotbecoer
cedt
ojoi
nint
hewar
,inst
eadt
hei
r
opi
nionsshoul
dber
espect
ed.

Aj
ustwari
sfoughtasal
astr
esor
t.Thi
smeanst
hati
tisusedaf
teral
lot
herpeacef
ul
measur
eshav
efai
l
ed.Thi
sisbecauset
heai
m ofaj
ustwari
stor
est
orepeaceand
j
ust
icei
nsoci
ety
.

CONDI
TIONSFORAJUSTWAR

60
SomeChr
ist
ianswhobel
i
evet
hatwher
enecessar
yonemaywageawarorf
ighti
nit
,add
t
hatsuchawarshoul
dbeaj
ustone.

Wher
easwari
snev
err
ightf
oraChr
ist
ianbecausei
tisv
erycost
lyi
nter
msofhumanl
i
fe,
pr
oper
ty,
andt
hesuf
fer
ingi
tcauses,
ther
ear
esi
tuat
ionswhenal
esserev
ilmustbet
aken
r
athert
hannotf
ight
ingatal
l
.

I
nsi
tuat
ionswher
ebr
ingi
ngaboutj
ust
icemi
ghtdemandwar
,ther
ear
ecer
tai
ncondi
ti
ons
t
hatmustbef
oll
owedandwhent
heyar
eful
fi
ll
edsuchaswari
sdescr
ibedasaj
ustwar
.

Aj
ustwarmustbef
oughtf
oraj
ustcause.
Thi
smeanst
hatt
her
emustbeaser
iousr
easonf
ort
hiswar
,forexampl
eawarf
oughti
n
sel
f-
def
ensewhenast
atehasbeenat
tackedbyanot
her
.

I
tmustbef
oughtbyapr
operaut
hor
it
y.Thi
smeanst
hatnotany
oneoranygr
oupcoul
d
decl
arewar
;iti
sonl
ythegov
ernmentt
hatshoul
dwagewarsi
ncei
tist
heonl
ypr
oper
aut
hor
it
yint
hest
ate.

Aj
ustwarmustbef
oughtwi
thr
ightandj
usti
ntent
.Thi
smeanst
hatt
hei
ntent
ionsbehi
nd
t
hewarmustbegood.I
fwarf
orexampl
eiswagedf
oraggr
essi
onpur
poses,
thenonei
s
notmor
all
yjust
if
iedt
otakepar
tini
t.

Aj
ustwarmustbeonewhi
chi
sfoughtwi
thar
easonabl
echanceofsuccess.Aswehav
e
al
readyseenwari
sver
yexpensi
veandsot
her
eisnopoi
nti
ndecl
ari
ngwarwhi
chi
sli
kel
y
t
ofai
ltoachi
evei
tsobj
ect
iveofest
abl
i
shi
ngj
ust
ice.

Thi
swarmustbef
oughtt
oensur
eabet
terf
utur
ethancoul
dbehopedf
orwi
thoutawar
.
I
fwardoesnotsucceed,
iti
snotl
i
kel
ytocr
eat
eabet
terf
utur
e.
Thi
smeanst
hatbenef
it
soft
hewarshoul
dbef
ort
hemaj
ori
tyoft
heci
ti
zens.

Aj
ustwarmustbef
oughtbyj
ustmeans.Onl
yappr
opr
iat
eandr
ecogni
zedf
orceshoul
d
61
beused.Thi
smeansonl
ysol
dier
smayf
ighti
nthi
swar
.Theuseofchi
l
dren’
sfor
ces
commonl
yknownas“
Kadogos”shoul
dbecondemnedi
nthest
rongestt
ermspossi
ble.

Ther
eshoul
dbeasuf
fi
cientpr
opor
ti
onbet
weent
hegoodt
obeaccompl
i
shedandt
he
accompany
ingev
ilcost
s.Thi
smeanst
hatt
hecostofaj
ustwarshoul
dnotbegr
eat
er
t
hant
hebenef
it
sder
ivedf
orm suchawar
.Besi
des,
themeansusedmustal
sobei
n
pr
opor
ti
ont
otheendr
esul
ts.

Aj
ustwarmustbef
oughtf
oll
owi
ngt
hei
nter
nat
ional
l
yagr
eedpr
inci
ples.Thi
smeanst
hat
t
heconv
ent
ional
l
yagr
eedpr
ecept
sregul
ati
ngwarmustbeobey
ed.Forexampl
e,i
twas
agr
eedt
obur
ntheuseofnucl
earweaponsdur
ingwar(
i.
e.af
tert he2ndwor
heendoft ld
wari
n1945)
.

Dur
ingt
hewar
,theev
ilef
fect
smustnotbei
ntendedi
nthemsel
vesbutonl
yper
mit
tedas
aby
product
.Fori
nst
ance,
innocentpeopl
eandnoncombat
ant
smustbepr
otect
edand
shoul
dnotbehar
medatal
l
.

Aj
ustwarmustbeusedasal
astr
esor
twhenot
herpeacef
ulway
sofr
esol
vi
ngt
he
pr
obl
emshav
efai
l
ed.Theseot
herpeacef
ulway
swhi
chshoul
dbet
ri
edf
ir
sti
ncl
ude:
negot
iat
ions,
medi
ati
on,
arbi
tr
ati
on,
dipl
omat
icpr
essur
e,economi
csanct
ions,
ult
imat
ums,
cour
tsofl
awandt
hei
nter
vent
ionbyi
nter
nat
ional
organi
zat
ions.

I
tshoul
dbenot
edt
hatt
obej
ust
,al
ltheabov
e-ment
ionedcondi
ti
onsmustbef
ulf
il
led.I
fa
numberorev
enoneoft
hesei
smi
ssi
ng,
thensuchawari
snotaj
ustone,
andt
her
efor
eit
shoul
dnotbewaged;
andaper
soni
snotmor
all
yjust
if
iedt
otakepar
tini
t.

CAUSESOFARMEDCONFLI
CTSORWARI
NTHEWORLD

Thedi
ff
erencesi
nideol
ogy
.Thesedi
ff
erencesmayei
therbepol
i
tical
oreconomi
cal
.
Theyhav
eledt
oar
medconf
li
ctspar
ti
cul
arl
yindev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es.Forexampl
e,bel
i
efs
62
i
nMar
xism agai
nstcapi
tal
i
sm hav
eledt
ocol
dwar
sinRwandaandt
heDemocr
ati
c
Republ
i
cofCongo.

Mi
str
ustandf
earamongsomecount
ri
es.Thi
ssi
tuat
ioncont
inuest
oexi
stbet
ween
v
ari
ouscount
ri
esbecauseoft
heexi
stenceofst
ocksofdeadl
ynucl
earweapons,
andof
l
argear
mies,
airf
orces,
andnav
ieswhi
char
est
il
lmai
ntai
nedespeci
all
ybyt
he
super
power
s.

Economi
coppr
essi
onoft
hepoorbyt
her
ich.Ther
eisanxi
etyandf
eari
nthel
ess
dev
elopedcount
ri
est
hatt
heymaybedomi
nat
edandoppr
essedeconomi
cal
l
ybyt
he
r
icherandmor
edev
elopedcount
ri
es.

Di
ff
erencesi
net
hni
cit
y.I
nsomecount
ri
esl
i
keRwanda,
onet
ri
bemayconsi
deri
tsel
f
super
iort
oot
her
sandt
her
efor
eent
it
ledt
orul
ether
est
.Thi
sforexampl
eledt
othe1994
genoci
dei
nRwanda.

Rel
i
giousf
undament
ali
sm l
eadi
ngt
oper
secut
ion.Thi
sist
heexcl
usi
onofonegr
oupor
anot
heri
nthenameofr
eli
gion.I
ncount
ri
esl
i
keNi
ger
iamanypeopl
econt
inuet
olose
t
hei
rli
vesbecauseoft
heconf
li
ctsbet
weenChr
ist
iansandMosl
ems.

Gr
eedf
orpowerl
eadi
ngt
ocoupd’
état
.Somepol
i
tici
answantt
ogr
abpowerbyal
lmeans
i
ncl
udi
ngv
iol
ence.Thi
sleadst
odi
ctat
orshi
p,mi
l
itar
ism,
eli
minat
ionofcompet
it
ionand
excl
usi
onofot
her
sfor
m powershar
ing.

Unbal
ancedr
esour
ceendov
ement
s.Si
ncet
heAf
ri
canst
atest
endt
oownmostoft
he
v
aluabl
eresour
ces,
ourst
atesar
eusual
l
ycoer
cedwi
thv
iol
encewi
tht
hei
ntent
iont
o
cont
rol
ourr
esour
ces.

Cor
rupt
ionwi
thi
mpuni
ty.Thi
sist
hedi
ver
sionf
rom t
hesetoraccept
ednor
msi
nthe
cour
seofper
for
manceofone’
sdut
iesf
orsel
fi
shandper
sonal
gai
ns.Whent
hisev
ili
s
unchecked,
itwi
l
ldef
ini
tel
yleadt
oint
ernal
armedconf
li
cts.
63
Rev
engement
ali
ty.Acul
tur
eofi
ntol
eranceandpr
ejudi
cehasdev
elopedi
nmanyl
ess
dev
elopedcount
ri
esassuccessi
ver
egi
mescar
ryoutr
evengeonal
lthoser
elat
edt
othe
gov
ernmentt
hatwasov
ert
hrown.

Di
ctat
ori
alorTot
ali
tar
ianr
egi
mes.Thi
sar
emani
fest
edt
hrought
hebr
utal
pol
i
ciesoft
hei
r
secur
it
yor
gans.Di
ctat
ori
alr
egi
mesof
tenbr
eedopposi
ti
onmi
l
itar
ygr
oupsl
eadi
ngt
owar
andv
iol
ence.

Vi
olat
ionofHumanr
ight
s.Thegr
ossv
iol
ati
onofhumanr
ight
sespeci
all
yther
ightt
oli
ve
hasal
sobeenamaj
orcauseofar
medconf
li
cts.

Ot
hercausesofar
medconf
li
ctsmayi
ncl
ude:
abj
ectpov
ert
y,unempl
oyment
,mor
aldecay
,
excessi
veambi
ti
onsandsoonandsof
ort
h,t
hel
i
sti
sendl
ess.

DI
SADVANTAGESOFARMEDCONFLI
CTSORWAR

Wari
sSat
an’
sweaponf
ordest
roy
ingl
i
fe.I
tisf
orexampl
eagai
nstGod’
scommandment
i
ntheBi
ble,
“Thoushal
lnotki
l
l(Ex.
20:
13)
”

Warcr
eat
essuf
fer
inganddest
abi
l
izespeopl
es’
set
tl
edl
i
ves.Forexampl
e,t
heSept
ember
11th2001bombi
ngsont
hePent
agoni
nUSAcr
eat
edmuchsuf
fer
ingsanddi
sabi
l
iti
es
amongAmer
icannat
ional
s.

I
nwar
,thepr
isoner
sofwarar
emi
str
eat
edassubj
ect
sandnotasequal
s.I
nfact
,theyar
e
t
ort
uredandmi
str
eat
edbef
oret
heyar
eki
l
led.

Wari
saman’
sdi
spar
ateat
temptt
osol
vepr
obl
ems.I
tisi
nfactsoci
ety
’sf
ail
urei
nit
s
j
udi
cial
syst
em andar
bit
rat
ion.

64
WarmakesusourownGodt
osol
veourpr
obl
emsandt
hatwenol
ongerneedGod’
shel
p.
Thi
sisasi
nofpr
idel
i
ket
hatonet
hePat
ri
archsexhi
bit
edwhenbui
l
dingt
het
owerof
Babel
(Gen11)
.

Warcr
eat
esenmi
tybet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
sandnat
ions.Theenmi
tyt
hatexi
stsbet
ween
I
srael
andPal
est
inei
sbecauseoft
hecont
inuedconf
li
ctsov
ert
heGazast
ri
p.

Pov
ert
yandf
ami
near
eassoci
atedwi
thwar
ssi
ncet
her
eisi
nsuf
fi
cientpr
oduct
iongoi
ng
ondur
ingt
het
imeofwar
.

Ther
efugeepr
obl
emsi
sawor
ld-
wideconcer
nwhi
chi
sact
ual
l
yadi
rectr
esul
tofwar
.
Manypeopl
ehav
ebeenf
orcedt
ofl
eet
hei
rcount
ri
esofor
igi
nbecauseofpol
i
tical
per
secut
ion.

Thepr
esenceofwari
sassoci
atedwi
thv
ari
ousf
ormsofsexual
tur
pit
udel
i
ker
apeand
def
il
ement
.Womenwhoar
eusual
l
yapr
eyt
othi
spr
omi
scui
tyar
edemeanedor
dehumani
zed.

Warcr
eat
esl
ongt
erm genet
icef
fect
sonhumanbei
ngs.Forexampl
e,manychi
l
dren
(
Kadogos)dur
ingt
he1986Li
ber
ati
onwari
nUgandal
ostt
hei
rsenseofhear
ing.

JUSTI
FICATI
ONOFACHRI
STI
AN’
SINVOLVEMENTI
NTHEARMY

Byj
oini
ngt
hear
m manbecomespr
otect
orofot
herpeopl
e’
sli
vesandt
hei
rpr
oper
ti
es
f
rom t
hei
renemi
es.I
nthebookofGenesi
smanwascommandedt
osubduet
hewor
ld
(
Gen1:
28-
29)
.Subdui
nghasanel
ementofpr
otect
ion.

AChr
ist
ianmayj
oint
hear
minor
dert
osav
eli
feandpr
oper
ty.I
ndoi
ngt
hismanbecomes
aco-
creat
orwi
thGodwhi
chi
sbi
bli
cal
accor
dingt
othebookofGenesi
s
Chap.
1:26(
creat
edi
nGod’
simage)
.
65
TheBi
bleshowsust
hechosenpeopl
eofGodwhosomet
imesf
oughtwar
sagai
nstt
hei
r
enemi
esbutdi
dnotf
all
outwi
thGod.Agoodexampl
eher
ear
etheI
srael
i
teswhowentt
o
warwi
tht
hephi
l
ist
inesandev
enhadGod’
spr
otect
ion.

Byj
oini
ngt
hear
my,
theChr
ist
ianbui
l
dsaf
encear
oundt
hecount
ryf
rom enemi
es,
and
t
hisbr
ingspeaceandhappi
nesst
otheci
ti
zens.TheGospel
accor
dingt
oMat
thewsay
s;
“
Happyar
ethosewhowor
kforpeace,
Godwi
l
lcal
lthem hi
schi
l
dren(
Mt.
5:9)
.

I
ntheBi
ble,
ther
ear
eindi
cat
orsofpeopl
ewhower
esol
dier
sandr
eli
giousatt
hesame
t
ime.I
nthebookofAct
soft
heApost
les,
ther
ewasamani
nCaesar
eacal
l
edCor
nel
i
us
whowasacapt
aini
ntheI
tal
i
anRegi
mentbutwhoatt
hesamet
imedi
dal
otofchar
it
y
wor
kandGodwaspl
easedwi
thhi
m(AA10:
1-5)
.

TheChr
ist
iansar
ethel
i
ghtandsal
toft
heear
thandsobyj
oini
ngt
hear
myt
heywi
l
lgi
vei
t
agooddi
rect
ioni
nasf
arasmor
ali
tyi
nthear
myi
sconcer
ned.

AChr
ist
iandoesnotl
i
vei
nisol
ati
onf
rom t
hecommuni
tyandt
henat
ionatl
arge.He
shoul
dther
efor
etakeuphi
sconst
it
uti
onal
responsi
bil
i
tyofdef
endi
ngt
het
err
it
ori
al
i
ntegr
it
yofhi
scount
ryi
ncl
udi
ngcar
ryi
ngoutot
herpeacei
nit
iat
ives.

Thear
myi
snotonl
yforwarbutal
soi
susedf
orot
herusef
ulpur
posessuchas
di
str
ibut
ionofr
eli
eff
oodi
nti
mesofcal
ami
tywhi
chaChr
ist
iani
sjust
if
iedt
opar
ti
cipat
e
i
n.

Thear
myi
sal
soi
mpor
tanti
nsav
ingpeopl
edur
ingt
het
imeofdi
sast
ersuchasf
loods
andl
andsl
i
des.TheUPDFf
orexampl
egoti
nvol
vedi
nsav
ingt
hel
i
vesoft
hepeopl
ewho
wer
eaf
fect
edbyt
heBududal
andsl
i
desi
n2011.

AChr
ist
iani
sjust
if
iedt
ojoi
nthear
mybecausesol
dier
sar
eusedt
odot
ought
askssuch
asexpl
orat
ionf
orpur
posesofdev
elopment
.Sol
dier
sal
sohel
pinmaki
ngbr
idgesand
66
cont
rol
l
ingi
nfer
nos.

REASONSWHYACHRI
STI
ANMAYNOTI
NVOLVEI
NTHEARMY

I
nor
dert
obecomeasol
dieri
ntheRomanar
my,
onehadt
oof
ferasacr
if
iceandal
so
swearanal
l
egi
ancet
oCaesarasagod;
yett
hebookofExodust
eachesaChr
ist
iant
o
wor
shi
ponl
yandonl
yoneGodt
heAl
might
y.

Sol
dier
smaybecal
l
edupont
opi
ckaswor
dandusei
t.ManyChr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hatt
his
i
sagai
nstt
het
eachi
ngofChr
istwhenhet
oldPet
ert
hathewhol
i
vesbyt
heswor
dwi
l
ldi
e
byt
heswor
d(Mt
.26:
52)
.

Chr
ist
iansshoul
dal
way
sref
rai
nfr
om maki
ngwarwi
thenemi
es,
andwecannotbeart
o
seeamanbei
ngki
l
led,
eveni
fki
l
ledj
ust
lyf
orki
l
li
ngi
spr
ohi
bit
edf
oraChr
ist
iani
nthe
bookofExodus:
Thoushal
lnotki
l
l(Ex20:
13)
.

Chr
ist
iansol
dier
sar
eadv
isedt
oref
rai
nfr
om usi
ngt
heswor
dinor
dert
obr
ingabout
j
ust
ice.Theyr
iskbei
ngr
eject
edandexcommuni
cat
edf
ormt
hechur
ch.Cl
ementof
Al
exandr
iawr
otei
nAD217:
”Hewhohol
dst
heswor
dmustcasti
tawayandi
foneoft
he
f
ait
hful
becomesasol
dier
,hemustber
eject
edbyt
hechur
ch,
forhehasscor
nedGod”

Duet
otheChr
ist
iansconv
ict
ionofl
oveandf
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ion,
itbecomes
uncomf
ort
abl
efort
hem t
ojoi
nthear
my.I
ntheser
monont
hemountJesussai
d:”
You
hav
ehear
ditwassai
d,y
oushal
ll
ovey
ournei
ghborandhat
eyourenemy
;ButIsayt
hist
o
y
ou,
”Lov
eyourenemi
esandpr
ayf
ort
hosewhoper
secut
eyou(
Mt.
5:43f
f).

Chr
istbr
oughtpeacet
omanki
ndwhenhebr
oket
hechai
nofdeat
hthusChr
ist
iansar
e
supposedt
obepeacemaker
s.Ter
tul
l
iani
ntheear
ly3rdcent
urymadeast
atement
:“For
ev
eni
facent
uri
onbecameasol
diert
heLor
dindi
sar
mingPet
erdi
sar
medev
erysol
dier
”,
hencesuggest
ingpeacef
ulway
sofr
econci
l
ing.
67
Wari
sman’
sdi
spar
atewayofsol
vi
ngpr
obl
ems.I
tisi
nconsi
stentwi
tht
hel
awofnon-
v
iol
enceandnon-
resi
stancewhi
chwaspr
eachedandmodel
edbyJesusChr
ist
.Geof
frey
chapmani
nChr
ist
ianl
i
vingt
odaybook1cont
endsbysay
ingt
hatMahat
maGhandi
bel
i
evedi
nsat
yagr
aha,
aHi
nduwor
dfornon-
viol
ence.

TheChr
ist
iansdonotj
ust
if
ythei
nvol
vementi
nthear
mybecausewari
nvol
veski
l
li
ng
whi
chi
sasi
nbef
oreGod.Amongt
het
encommandment
sofGodi
nthebookofExodus,
t
her
e’sonewhi
chst
ipul
ates“
thoushal
lnotki
l
l(Ex.
20:
13)
.

Warcr
eat
esenmi
tybet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
sandnat
ionst
husunj
ust
if
iabl
eforaChr
ist
ian.
Poorr
elat
ionshi
psar
ecr
eat
edbet
weennat
ionsandst
ates.Jamesexhor
tsChr
ist
ianst
o
r
efr
ainf
rom mi
l
itar
yser
vicewhenev
erpossi
bleandnev
ert
oengagei
nwar
far
ebecause
war
scomef
rom cov
etousness(
James(
4:1-
2).

I
nmostcount
ri
est
hear
myi
sassoci
atedwi
thi
mmor
alandunet
hical
behav
iorl
i
ker
ape,
dr
ugabuse,
def
il
ementandpr
ost
it
uti
on;
whi
char
eungodl
ythusacommi
tt
edChr
ist
ian
shoul
dnev
erpar
ti
ci
pat
eint
hear
my.

PACI
FISM (
Nonv
iol
ence)

Paci
fi
sm r
efer
stonon-
par
ti
cipat
ioni
nwarornon-
par
ti
cipat
ioni
nvi
olentr
evol
uti
onswi
th
anendeav
ort
ofi
ndnonv
iol
entmeansofsol
vi
ngconf
li
cts.Paci
fi
sm i
sopposedt
owar
,
mi
l
itar
ism,
orv
iol
ence.

Ther
ear
esomepeopl
ewhobel
i
evet
hatwari
sal
way
ssowr
ongt
hatt
her
ear
eno
ci
rcumst
ancesi
nwhi
chonecoul
dfi
ghti
nit
.Peopl
ewhohol
dthi
svi
ewar
ecal
l
ed
Paci
fi
sts.Theyi
ncl
udepeopl
eli
keSt
.Pet
erCl
ever
,aSpani
shPr
iest
,whospentov
er40
y
ear
si he18thcent
nt uryf
ight
ingnon-
viol
ent
lyagai
nstsl
aver
yinLat
inAmer
ica.

68
Paci
fi
stsar
guet
hatwarorpar
ti
cipat
ioni
niti
swr
ongbecausei
tvi
olat
est
he
commandmentofGodagai
nstki
l
li
ng,
andt
her
equi
rementofl
ovi
ngone’
snei
ghborand
one’
senemy
.Jesust
aughti
nMat
thew;
“Lov
eyourenemi
esandpr
ayf
ort
hosewho
per
secut
eyou(
Mt.
5:43f
f).

Accor
dingt
oMar
ti
nLut
herKi
ngJuni
or,
tor
esi
stwi
thoutbi
tt
erness,
tobecur
sedandnot
t
orepl
y,t
obebeat
enandnott
ohi
tback;
isatt
hehear
toft
hecr
eedofnon-v
iol
ence.
WhenPet
erat
tempt
edt
odef
endChr
isti
nthegar
denofGet
hsemane,
Jesushal
tedhi
m
t
husf
orbi
ddi
nghi
mtohi
tback.

I
nthei
deol
ogyofnon-
viol
ence,
themasseshav
eaweaponwhi
chenabl
esonet
oresi
st
ev
ent
hemi
ght
iestgov
ernmentsuccessf
ull
y.JesusChr
istsuccessf
ull
yresi
stedt
he
aut
hor
it
yofPi
l
atewhenheaskedhi
m”Ar
eyout
heki
ngoft
heJews?AndJesusr
epl
i
ed
soy
ousay
”(Jn.
18:
37)
.

Howev
er,
someChr
ist
iansconsi
dernon–v
iol
entr
esi
stanceasunchr
ist
ianbecausei
tis
al
readyr
esi
stancet
oaut
hor
it
y.JohnCal
vi
noneoft
heear
lychur
chr
efor
mer
ssai
dthat
;
“
Standi
ngbyandr
efusi
ngt
oactwhi
l
ehar
m bef
all
sanei
ghbori
snotav
irt
uebutav
ice;
”
Sosomef
orcemaybeusedoutofl
ovef
ort
henei
ghbor
.

Buthi
stor
yseemst
oindi
cat
ethatJust
icecanonl
ybeachi
evedonl
ybysomef
orceand
byr
esi
sti
ngt
yranny
.Thi
sist
ruebecauseoppr
essor
srar
elychangebypeacet
alksor
di
alogue.

SomeChr
ist
ianchur
chesl
i
ket
heFr
iendsandt
heMennoni
tesar
ecommi
tt
edt
opaci
fi
sm
Thi
smeanst
hatnomemberoft
hesechur
chescanf
ighti
nwar
.

Thesemember
scanhowev
erv
olunt
eert
ounder
takedanger
ousorunpl
easantdut
iesl
i
ke
gi
vi
ngmedi
cal
assi
stancet
othosei
njur
edi
nwarorbur
yingt
hosewhohav
edi
edi
nwar
.

69
Ther
efor
e,wher
easev
eryper
sonhasar
ightt
oenj
oyt
hebenef
it
sofcommunal
li
vi
ngand
t
hecommongoodi
nthest
ate,
oneal
sohast
heobl
i
gat
iont
ocont
ri
but
etot
hecommon
goodwhi
chi
s“Peace”
.

BI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGONPEACE

I
ntheOl
dTest
amentwher
etheI
srael
i
teswer
eof
tenatwarwi
tht
hei
rnei
ghbour
s,God
assur
edHi
speopl
ethr
ought
hePr
ophet
sthatHei
stheGodofpeaceandwoul
dgi
ve
t
hem peaceaswer
ead:
“Themount
ainsandt
hehi
l
lsmaycr
umbl
ebutmyl
ovef
ory
ou
wi
l
lnev
erend,
Iwi
l
lkeepf
orev
ermypr
omi
seofpeacesosay
stheLor
dwhol
oves
y
ou”
(I
s.54:
10)
.

Pr
ophetI
sai
ahpr
ophesi
edt
hecomi
ngoft
hemessi
ahwhohecal
l
edt
hepr
inceofpeace.
I
nhi
sownwor
dshewr
it
es:
“Achi
l
disbor
ntous!asoni
sgi
vent
ous!Andhewi
l
lbeour
r
uler
,Hewi
l
lbecal
l
edwonder
ful
counsel
or,
might
yGod,
eter
nal
fat
her
,andpr
inceof
peace”(
Is9:
6).

Hoseaal
sopr
ophesi
edpeacef
ort
henat
ionofI
srael
whenhewr
ote:
“Att
hatt
imeIwi
l
l
makeacov
enantwi
thal
lthewi
l
dani
mal
sandbi
rds,
sot
heywi
l
lnothar
m mypeopl
e.I
wi
l
lal
sor
emov
eal
lweaponsofwarf
rom t
hel
and,
all
swor
dsandbows,
andIwi
l
lletmy
peopl
eli
vei
npeaceandsaf
ety(
Ho.
2:18)
.

TheNewTest
amentopenswi
thabi
gmessageofpeacef
oral
lmanki
ndatt
hebi
rt
hof
JesusChr
istast
heangel
ssang”Gl
oryt
oGodi
nthehi
ghestheav
en,
andpeaceonear
th
t
othosewi
thwhom hei
spl
eased(
Lk.2:
13-
1).

Jesuswhosai
dhehadcomet
oest
abl
i
sht
heKi
ngdom ofGodonear
th,
taughtust
hat
t
hiski
ngdom ofGodonear
th,
taughtust
hatt
hisKi
ngdom woul
dbechar
act
eri
zedby
Just
ice,
lov
eandpeace.That
’swhyhet
aughtust
olov
eourenemi
esandpr
ayf
oral
l
t
hosewhoper
secut
eusi
nthei
nter
estofpeace.(
Mt.
5:44)
.
70
I
ntheBeat
it
udeswhi
l
egi
vi
ngt
heSer
monont
heMount
,Jesust
aughtt
hat
;“Happyar
e
t
hosewhowor
kforpeace,
Godwi
l
lcal
lthem Hi
schi
l
dren(
Mt5:
9).

JesusChr
istcamet
obr
ingpeaceandr
econci
l
iat
ionbet
weenGodt
heFat
herand
manki
nd.Hecamet
obr
ingl
i
fet
hatwemi
ghthav
eli
feandhav
eiti
nit
sful
l
ness(
Jn10:
10)
.

I
nhi
sfar
ewel
ldi
scour
ses,
andwhenJesussawhowhi
sapost
leswer
ewor
ri
edand
f
ri
ght
ened,
Hecomf
ort
edt
hem say
ing:
”Peacei
swhatIl
eav
ewi
thy
ou,
iti
smyownpeace
t
hatIgi
vey
ou;
Donotbewor
ri
edandupset
,donotbeaf
rai
d……(
Jn.
14:
27)
.

JesusChr
istr
ecogni
zedt
hei
mpor
tanceofpeacei
nhumanl
i
fe;
that
’swhyhel
efti
tasa
gr
eet
ingt
ohi
sfol
l
ower
s.Dur
ingt
heappar
it
ions,
bef
orehi
sascensi
ont
ohi
sFat
heri
n
heav
enf
oll
ower
s.Dur
ingt
heappar
it
ions,
bef
orehi
sascensi
ont
ohi
sfat
heri
nheav
en,
he
gr
eet
edt
hem:
“Peacebewi
thy
ou”andaf
tersay
ingt
hisheshowedt
hem hi
shandsand
hi
ssi
de….(
Jn.
20:
19f
f).

Jesuschal
l
engedt
heMosai
clawi
nthei
nter
estofpeacewhenhesai
d:“
Youhav
ehear
d
t
hati
twassai
d;Aney
eforaney
e,at
oot
hforat
oot
h;ButIsayt
hist
oyou,
Donott
ake
anyr
evengeonsomeonewhowr
ongsy
ou,
Ifany
onesl
apsy
ouont
her
ight
cheek…(
Mt.
5:38-
39)
.

Jesusdi
dnotusewarandv
iol
enceasameansofest
abl
i
shi
ngGod’
sKi
ngdom.I
nfact
t
hosewhoadv
ocat
eforpeaceusual
l
yref
ert
othei
nci
dentofPet
ercut
ti
ngof
fthe
sol
dier
’seari
nor
dert
odef
endJesusf
rom hi
senemi
es.Jesusst
oppedhi
mint
he
i
nter
estofpeace(
Mt.
26:
52)

Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
osacr
if
icet
hemsel
vesi
nor
dert
obr
ingaboutpeace.That
’s
whyJesust
aughtt
hat
;“Any
onewhowant
stocomewi
thmemustf
orgetsel
f,t
akeuphi
s
cr
ossandf
oll
owme(
Mk.
8:34)
.

71
THERI
GHTSANDDUTI
ESOFCI
TIZENS

Ar
ighti
samor
alpowerofaper
sont
ohav
e,ort
odo,
ort
odemandsomet
hingf
rom
ant
her
,tohol
dort
oexactsomet
hingort
oomi
tdoi
ngsomet
hing.Butt
hisdef
ini
ti
oni
s
f
rom t
hesubj
ect
ivepoi
ntofv
iew.

Howev
er,
from t
heobj
ect
ivepoi
ntofv
iewar
ighti
sthatsomet
hingwhi
chi
sowedt
oa
humanbei
ng.I
nfact
,ar
ighti
ssomet
hinggood,
wor
th-
whi
l
e,i
mpor
tantandv
aluabl
e.

Adut
yisamor
alnecessi
tyt
odo,
ort
oexactsomet
hingort
oomi
tdoi
ngsomet
hing.A
dut
yrest
sint
henat
ural
laws,
somet
hingy
ouf
eel
isy
ourmor
alorl
egal
responsi
bil
i
ty.
Butt
her
ear
enor
ight
swi
thoutdut
ies.Thi
smeanst
hatr
ight
sar
ecor
rel
ati
vewi
thdut
ies.
I
nfact
,thet
woconcept
sinl
i
fear
einsepar
abl
e.Youcannotcl
aimr
ight
swi
thouthav
ing
dut
iest
oper
for
m.

I
ftheci
ti
zenscannotabdi
cat
ethei
rri
ght
s,t
heyequal
l
ycannotabdi
cat
ethei
rdut
ies.The
uni
ver
sal
Decl
arat
ionofHumanRi
ght
swhi
chwasdr
awnupbyt
heUni
tedNat
ions
Gener
alAssembl
yin1948atGenev
ainSwi
tzer
landhadt
hist
osay
:

Ev
eryci
ti
zenhasar
ightt
oli
fe,
Liber
tyandsecur
it
y.Thest
atemustguar
ant
eet
his
secur
it
y,andshecandot
hisbymai
ntai
ningst
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry.Ar
ti
cle4oft
he
Uganda’
s1995const
it
uti
onsay
s:”Noper
sonhasar
ightt
oter
minat
ethel
i
feoft
he
unbor
nchi
l
d…………”
.

Ev
eryonehasar
ightt
onat
ional
i
ty.Thi
smeansev
eryci
ti
zenhasar
ightt
oli
vei
nanypar
t
oft
hecount
rywi
thoutanydi
scr
imi
nat
ion,
prov
idedi
tiswi
thi
nthel
i
mit
soft
hel
aw.

Menandwomenoff
ull
sizeandf
ull
agehav
ear
ightt
omar
ryandf
oundaf
ami
l
y.The
descr
ipt
ionoff
ull
agev
ari
esf
rom soci
etyt
osoci
ety
.Ar
ti
cle31oft
he1995Uganda’
s
const
it
uti
onst
ipul
ates:
”Menandwomenoft
heageof18y
ear
sandabov
ehav
ear
ightt
o
72
mar
ryandf
oundaf
ami
l
y”.

Ev
eryonehast
her
ightt
oownpr
oper
tyei
theral
oneori
nassoci
ati
onwi
thot
her
s.Thi
s
meanst
hatnooneshal
lbear
bit
rar
il
ydepr
ivedofhi
sorherpr
oper
ty.Ar
ti
cle26oft
he
Uganda’
sconst
it
uti
oncont
ends,
”Menshoul
dwor
kinbet
terwor
kingcondi
ti
onst
oget
i
ncomei
nor
dert
opur
chasewhatt
heyf
eel
necessar
y”.

Ev
eryci
ti
zenhast
her
ightt
oempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es.I
tist
hedut
yoft
hest
atet
osee
t
oitt
hatempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
esar
epr
ovi
dedt
oaci
ti
zenwi
thoutanyf
orm of
pr
ejudi
ceanddi
scr
imi
nat
ion.

Ev
eryci
ti
zenhast
her
ightt
ofr
eedom oft
hought
,consci
enceandr
eli
gion;
thi
sri
ght
i
ncl
udesf
reedom t
ochanget
hei
rrel
i
gionorbel
i
ef;
andf
reedom ei
theral
oneori
n
communi
tywi
thot
her
sandi
npubl
i
cori
npr
ivat
e,t
omani
festhi
srel
i
gionorbel
i
ef,
in
t
eachi
ngpr
act
iceorwor
shi
p.

Rel
atedt
otheabov
e,ev
eryci
ti
zenhast
her
ightt
ofr
eedom ofopi
nionandexpr
essi
on,
t
hisr
ighti
ncl
udest
hest
ruggl
etoseek,
recei
ve,
andi
mpacti
nfor
mat
ionandi
deast
hrough
anymedi
a.

Ev
eryonehast
her
ightt
ofr
eedom ofpeacef
ulassembl
yandassoci
ati
on.Thi
smeans
t
hatnoonemaybecompel
l
edt
obel
ongt
oanyassoci
ati
on,
li
ket
heNat
ional
Resi
stance
Mov
ementatonet
imei
n1986t
ri
edt
ocompel
ever
ybodyt
obel
ongt
otheNat
ional
Resi
stanceMov
ement(
NRM)
.Ar
ti
cle29oft
heUgandansconst
it
uti
onsay
s;”Al
lpeopl
e
hav
efr
eedom t
ofor
mjoi
nassoci
ati
onoruni
ons”
.

Ev
eryci
ti
zenhasar
ightt
ojust
ice.Thi
smeanst
hataci
ti
zenshoul
dhav
efai
rtr
ial
if
accusedofanyof
fenceorcr
ime.Aci
ti
zenhasar
ightt
odef
yar
rest
sift
hear
rest
ing
aut
hor
it
yhasnopr
operar
restwar
rant
s.

Ment
ionshoul
dbemadeoft
her
ightt
ohumandi
gni
tyandpr
otect
ionf
rom i
nhuman
73
t
reat
ment
.Thi
siscoupl
edwi
tht
hepr
otect
ionf
rom sl
aver
y,ser
vit
ude,
andf
orcedl
abour
.

I
nconcl
usi
ont
her
efor
e,nor
ighti
fiti
sagenui
ner
ightcanbet
akenaway
,exceptbyt
he
onewhogr
ant
edi
t.Nat
ural
right
sli
ket
her
ightt
oli
fe,
sincet
heyar
egr
ant
edbyGod
t
hrought
henat
ural
laws,
cannotbet
akenawaybyhumanaut
hor
it
y,Hencear
eref
err
edt
o
asi
nal
i
enabl
eri
ght
s.

MANI
FESTATI
ONSOFABUSEOFHUMANRI
GHTS

Thegr
ossmi
str
eat
mentofpr
isoner
sthr
oughcanni
ngf
loggi
ng,
buf
fet
ingorev
en
ov
erwor
kingt
hem.Thi
ski
ndoft
ort
uremi
l
itat
esagai
nstt
hedi
gni
tyoft
hepr
isonerwho
wascr
eat
edi
nthei
mageofGod.

Det
ent
ioni
ntosaf
ehousesanddel
ayedt
ri
aloft
hesuspect
sbyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.Thi
s
deni
est
hesuspect
sther
ightofappeal
becausej
ust
icedel
ayedi
sjust
icesdeni
ed.

War
s,ar
medconf
li
cts,
inst
abi
l
iti
esandi
nsecur
it
yar
ecommoni
nAf
ri
canst
ates.Wehav
e
f
ight
ingi
nSout
her
nSudan,
Niger
iaandEt
hiopi
aandt
hesehav
eledt
othedeat
hofv
ery
manyi
nnocentpeopl
e.

Ther
eisal
sov
alenceagai
nstwomenandchi
l
dren.Womenar
esexual
l
yhar
assedbyt
hei
r
bossesatt
hei
rwor
kpl
acesandchi
l
drenar
esomet
imesdeni
edt
hebasi
cneedsbyt
hei
r
par
ent
s.

Thedeni
albygov
ernmentt
hef
reedom ofpr
essandassoci
ati
on.Acasei
npoi
nti
sthe
r
ecentpassi
ngoft
hepubl
i
cor
derandmanagementbi
l
lbyt
heni
nthpar
li
amentofUganda.

Poorwor
kingcondi
ti
onsespeci
all
yint
hepr
ivat
einst
it
uti
onsmani
fest
edt
hroughmeager
pay
,del
ayedpay
ment
sort
ermi
nat
ionofser
vicesatwi
l
lbyt
heempl
oyer
.

74
Unj
usteconomi
cpol
i
cieswhi
chexcl
udet
hemaj
ori
tyoft
hepopul
ati
onandt
hepol
i
tical
pol
i
cieswhi
chf
avourdi
ctat
orshi
p,oppr
essi
onhav
eal
sobeenr
esponsi
blef
ormi
l
itar
y
v
iol
ence.

Theunf
airt
reat
mentoft
heopponent
sbyt
hest
atemachi
ner
y.I
nUgandaf
orexampl
e
dur
ingt
hewal
ktowor
kdemonst
rat
ionsof2011manypeacef
uldemonst
rat
orswer
e
buf
fet
edandonewonder
swhet
herourpol
i
cef
orcei
sreal
l
yant
i-
ri
otpol
i
ceorr
iot
ing
pol
i
ce!

Bur
ningofpol
i
tical
par
ti
est
husv
iol
ati
ngt
hehumanr
ightt
oassoci
ate.Thi
sist
rue
becausedemocr
acymeanssuppor
ti
ngal
lthemul
ti
par
tyusi
ngt
henat
ional
budget
.

Pr
event
ingt
heKabakaofBugandaf
rom v
isi
ti
nghi
ssubj
ect
s.I
n2009t
her
ewer
e
demonst
rat
ionsi
nBugandawhent
heKabakawaspr
event
edf
rom goi
ngt
oKay
unga
Somepeopl
ewer
eincar
cer
atedt
il
ltodayandhav
enev
erbeenpr
osecut
edi
ncour
tsof
l
aw.

CAUSESOFVI
OLATI
ONOFHUMANRI
GHTS

Themi
l
itar
izat
ionofpol
i
ticsatal
ll
evel
sespeci
all
ydur
ingel
ect
ions.Thi
smeanst
hat
somepar
ti
esusesol
dier
sandmi
l
itar
ypol
i
cet
oint
imi
dat
eandhar
asst
hev
oter
s.Dur
ing
t
he2001pr
esi
dent
ial
elect
ionsNRM usedt
heKal
angal
aact
ionpl
anl
edbyMaj
orKakooza
Mut
ale.

Thedesi
reofundemocr
ati
cgov
ernment
stor
emai
ninpoweral
sol
eadst
ovi
olat
ionof
humanr
ight
sespeci
all
yther
ightoff
reedom t
oassoci
atedandf
ightf
oraj
ustcause.The
NRM gov
ernmentwhi
chhasbeeni
npowerf
ornow28y
ear
sandt
hepassi
ngoft
hebi
l
lon
publ
i
cor
derandmanagement2013.

Thepr
edomi
nanthi
ghl
evel
sofi
l
li
ter
acyi
ndev
elopi
ngcount
ri
eswher
emanypeopl
edo
75
notknowhowt
oreadandwr
it
e.Thi
sdebar
smanyf
rom knowi
ngt
hei
rri
ght
sand
consequent
lyt
heydonotdef
endt
hem.

Thegener
almor
aldegener
ati
oni
nthesoci
etyal
sol
eadst
ovi
olat
ionofhumanr
ight
s.
Manypeopl
enol
ongerf
eel
gui
l
tywhent
heycar
ryoutsomeev
ilact
ions,
andt
heyar
eno
l
ongerawar
ethatwhatt
heyar
edoi
ngi
sev
il
.

Theconspi
cuousl
yincr
easedcasesofv
iol
ati
onofhumanr
ight
scanal
sobel
i
nkedt
o
abuseofdr
ugs.Manypeopl
ewhoar
eaddi
ctedt
odr
ugsendupcommut
ingcr
imessuch
asr
apeanddef
il
ement
.

Pov
ert
yhasal
sol
edt
othev
iol
ati
onofhumanr
ight
s.Thepoorpeopl
edonot
hingwhen
t
hei
rri
ght
sar
ebei
ngmuzzl
edbyst
atemachi
ner
ybecauset
heyar
eeconomi
cal
l
yunabl
e
t
odef
endt
hemsel
ves.

Thei
ncr
easi
ngl
evel
ofper
missi
venessi
nsoci
etyhasal
sol
edt
ovi
olat
ionofhumanr
ight
s.
Li
ber
tyt
odoany
thi
ngr
egar
dlessofi
tsef
fect
sont
hesoci
etyl
i
keundr
essi
ngofwomen
whowearmi
niski
rt
s!

Thesepar
ati
onofeducat
ionf
rom r
eli
gionl
eadi
ngt
ouncer
tai
ntyaboutt
hepur
posedof
l
i
fe.Ther
eisal
soaf
alseconf
ront
ati
onbet
weensci
enceandr
eli
gionl
eadi
ngt
o
secul
ari
sm.Thi
shaspav
edwayf
orsomepeopl
etobecomeaf
fl
uentev
eni
nthewr
ong
way
sthusv
iol
ati
nghumanr
ight
s.

Thebr
eakdownoft
het
radi
ti
onal
cul
tur
alor
dercoupl
edwi
tht
heer
osi
onofcul
tur
alnor
ms
andv
aluessuchasi
nfor
mal
educat
ioni
nfor
m ofr
iddl
esandpr
over
bs.
Chi
nuaAchebei
n“Thi
ngsf
all
apar
t”cont
endswhenhesay
s;”Thewhi
temanhasputa
kni
feont
hingst
hathel
dust
oget
her
”….

Theneo-
col
oni
alpol
i
ciessuchasr
etr
enchmentanddemobi
l
izat
ionbywor
ldbankhav
e
al
sol
edt
ovi
olat
ionofhumanr
ight
sinf
orm ofl
ossofasour
ceofl
i
vel
i
hoodi
.e.
76
unempl
oyment
.

SOLUTI
ONSTOABUSEOFHUMANRI
GHTS

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dempoweror
gani
zat
ionst
hatdeal
wit
hthepr
otect
ionand
pr
omot
ionofhumanr
ight
s.TheUgandaHumanr
ight
scommi
ssi
onf
ori
nst
anceshoul
d
begi
vent
hei
ndependencet
ofi
ghtf
orhumanr
ight
swi
thoutf
earorf
avour
.

Al
lofusar
ecal
l
edupont
omaker
ecour
set
opr
ayer
.Al
lbel
i
ever
sshoul
dear
nest
lypr
ay
f
orr
eal
peaceandt
ranqui
l
ityi
nourst
ates.I
ndoi
ngt
hisweshoul
dpr
ayf
orev
il
doer
sand
t
hesel
f-
cent
ered,
sot
hatt
heymayl
i
stent
oGodandr
epentandbecomegoodci
ti
zens.

Thegov
ernmentt
oget
herwi
tht
hechur
chshoul
dwor
ktoget
herandcar
ryoutpeacet
alks
i
nor
dert
oreducet
heconspi
cuousl
yincr
easedr
ebel
act
ivi
ti
esi
nournat
ions.Ar
chbi
shop
JohnBapt
istOdamaoft
heEccl
esi
ast
ical
prov
inceofGul
uinNor
ther
nUgandagi
vesusa
goodexampl
ewhenheaccept
edt
omedi
atebet
weent
heLRAr
ebel
sledbyKonyandt
he
NRM gov
ernmentofUganda.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
denacthumani
tar
ianl
awsi
nor
dert
opr
eser
vehumani
tyi
nal
l
ci
rcumst
ances.Ev
enwher
ether
ear
econf
li
cts,
suchl
awsshoul
dbegear
edt
owar
ds
cr
eat
ingpeacei
nthemi
dstofconf
li
cts.

Humani
tar
iani
nter
vent
ionshoul
dbeper
mit
tedespeci
all
yinst
ateswher
ethosei
npower
ar
eresponsi
blef
orhumanr
ight
svi
olat
ions.Acasei
npoi
ntwasi
nRwandawher
ether
e
wasgenoci
dei
n1994.Out
sidei
nter
vent
ionwasnecessar
ytost
opt
heabuseandt
o
pr
eser
vei
nter
nat
ional
secur
it
y.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsensi
ti
zei
tsci
ti
zensaboutt
hei
rri
ght
sandobl
i
gat
ions.Thi
scan
bedonet
hroughsemi
nar
sandwor
kshops.I
tcanal
sobedonet
hroughcadr
e
dev
elopmentcour
ses.Thi
ssai
danddone,
theci
ti
zenswi
l
lbei
nposi
ti
ont
odef
endt
hei
r
77
r
ight
s.

I
tist
hedut
yofci
ti
zenst
orepor
thumanr
ight
sabuser
stor
elev
antaut
hor
it
ies.Thi
sisso
becauset
hepr
eser
vat
ionofhumanr
ight
sneedsacombi
nedef
for
t.I
tshoul
dther
efor
e
nott
obel
eftt
othepol
i
ceal
one.

Thegov
ernmentshoul
dal
l
owf
reedom ofpr
essbecausemedi
aisav
erypower
ful
weaponi
nfost
eri
nghumanr
ight
s.Ev
eryci
ti
zenhasar
ightt
ofr
eedom ofopi
nionand
expr
essi
onaccor
dingt
otheUni
ver
sal
decl
arat
iononhumanr
ight
s.

Gov
ernmentshoul
dsetuppubl
i
caccount
scommi
tt
eesaswel
last
heof
fi
ceoft
he
I
nspect
orGener
alofGov
ernment(
IGG)t
oinv
est
igat
ethemi
suseofpubl
i
cfundsaswel
l
asabuseofhumanr
ight
s.

Thechur
chshoul
dpl
ayherpr
ophet
icr
oleofpoi
nti
ngoutabusesofhumanr
ight
sand
adv
isi
ngt
hepol
i
tical
leader
swhoar
einchar
geoft
het
empor
alneedst
odesi
stf
rom
abuseofhumanr
ight
s.Thechur
chhast
her
ightt
opassmor
alj
udgment
,ev
enonmat
ter
s
t
ouchi
ngt
hepol
i
tical
orderaccor
dingt
oGaudi
um etSpesNo.
76.

Theot
hersol
uti
ont
oabuseofhumanr
ight
sbuti
nout
li
nef
ormi
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
-
Encour
agi
ngwoment
opar
ti
cipat
eineconomi
c,pol
i
tical
andsoci
ali
ssuesoft
he
count
ry.
Encour
agi
ngdemocr
acy
,const
it
uti
onal
i
sm andt
her
uleofl
aw.
Recr
uit
ingwel
lbehav
edci
ti
zensi
ntot
heci
vi
lser
viceaswel
last
hear
myandt
he
pol
i
ce.
Reduci
ngbur
eaucr
acyi
npubl
i
cof
fi
cesi
nor
dert
oav
ertcor
ruptt
endenci
es.
Ar
rest
ingdr
ugabuser
sandconf
ini
ngt
hem i
nasol
i
tar
ypl
ace.
Reduci
ngpov
ert
ybysuppor
ti
ngsust
ainabl
edev
elopmentgoal
s(SDG’
s).
Speedi
ngupt
her
ateoft
ryi
ngt
hosebr
oughtt
othecour
tsofl
awf
orbei
ng
suspect
edofv
iol
ati
nghumanr
ight
s.

78
79