SOURCES OF

DRUG
INFORMATION
Group 1
 01
PRIMARY
LITERATURE
Emil Felix Bauzon
PRIMARY LITERATURE
Original

Authenticated

Published/Unpublished
(Clinical Trial, Case Studies)
ADVANTAGES:
● Detailed, original
● More recent
● Direct access to the research
reports and conclusions
 DISADVANTAGES:
● Misleading conclusion
● The reader must have strong literature evaluation
(e.g., statistics, clinical study) skills.
● Time-consuming
 EXAMPLES:
❏ Journal of ❏ Pharmacy times
pharmaceutical
sciences

❏ Drug information
journal
❏ Journal of pharmacy
and pharmacology
 02
SECONDARY
LITERATURE
Kyla Geniveve
Angobung
SECONDARY LITERATURE
• Secondary literature refers to references that either index or abstract
the primary literature, with the goal of directing the user to relevant
primary literature.

• Secondary sources are indexes that provide information about and

access to primary and tertiary sources.

• Online indexes created and maintained by abstracting and indexing

services organize information about articles published in newspapers,
magazines, scholarly journals, and more. These online indexes are
also known as “bibliographic” databases.
Examples
✓ Bibliographies, Reviews,
Abstracting and Indexing
Services
✓ An Internet search engine
✓ A librarycatalog
✓ the National Library of
Medicine (NLM)
 International Pharmaceutical
Abstracts (IPA)
• Most comprehensive for pharmacists

- Includes ASHP (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists) meeting abstracts

• Abstracts organized by major topics

• Subject index provided

• Covers 500 journals

• Best answer for "keeping up with the literature."

Bibliographic Databases
A bibliographic database is an
electronic index of literature that
can include books, journals,
magazines, etc.

*When the desired sources are journal

articles, the Internet search engine can
be a useful place to start.
GUIDELINES FOR SEARCHING
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES
1. Identify the Main Concepts
2. Define Search Terms
3. Use Boolean Logic
4. Use Limits and Qualifiers
5. Use Multiple Sources
6. Use Appropriate Drug Nomenclature
7. Launch New Searches from Results
 ADVANTAGES
● Can construct searches to find specific information at high
granularity
● Secondary sources provide a variety of expert perspectives
and insights.
● Peer review usually ensures the quality of sources such as
scholarly articles.
● Researching secondary sources is more efficient than
planning, conducting, and analyzing certain primary forms
of research.
DISADVANTAGES
• Because secondary sources are not necessarily focused
on your specific topic, you may have to dig to find applicable
information.

• Information may be colored by the researcher’s own bias

or faulty approach.

• Secondary sources can become outdated (in some fields

more quickly than in others).

• Often require more expertise to use than primary or

tertiary resources

• Retrieved references must be filtered for quality

• Must track down resources before looking for answers

 03
TERTIARY
LITERATURE
Princess Krenzelle Z. Banaga
 Tertiary Literature

provide information that has been

summarized and distilled by the author
or editor to provide a quick easy
summary of a topic.
Examples:
❖ Textbooks
❖ Compendia
❖ review articles in journals,
❖ and other general information,
such as may be found on the
Internet.
ADVANTAGES
Convenient

Easy to use

Complete Information

Familiar to most
Practitioner
 DISADVANTAGES:
● Lag Time (Less Current Information)

● Incomplete information due to space restrictions and incomplete literature

search by the author

● Possible errors in transcription, human bias, incorrect interpretation of

information or lack of expertise by authors readers must judge the quality of

tertiary references
 Evaluation of Tertiary Literature

Does the author

Is the information
have appropriate
supported by
expertise to publish
appropriate
in this area?
citations? Does the resource
Is the information contain relevant
likely to be timely information and is free
based on publication of bias?
date?
 04
TEXTBOOK
SOURCES
Fatima Kaye G. Ancheta
TEXTBOOK
SOURCES
Fatima Kaye G. Ancheta
 WHAT IS A TEXTBOOK
● A book used in the study of a subject: such as

a : one containing a presentation of the principles of a subject

b: a literary work relevant to the study of a subject

● A written source of information, designed specifically for the use of

students, on a particular subject or field of study that is usually
developed based on a syllabus and geared towards meeting specific
quality and learning requirements.
WHAT KIND OF SOURCE IS A
TEXTBOOK?

A textbook can either be a

secondary or tertiary source
and, in seldom cases, a primary
source.
 ADVANTAGES OF TEXTBOOK
AS A SOURCE
● Textbooks provide organized units of work.
● A textbook series provides you with a balanced,
chronological presentation of information.
● Textbooks are a detailed sequence of teaching
procedures that tell you what to do and when to do it.
● Textbooks provide administrators and teachers with a
complete program.
● Good textbooks are excellent teaching aids.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
TEXTBOOK AS A SOURCE
● Textbook is designed as a sole source of
information.
● Textbook is old or outdated.
● Reading level of the textbook is can be too difficult.
● The textbook has all the answer to all the questions.
HOW TO PROPERLY USE A
TEXTBOOK
● Use the textbook as a resource for students, but not
the only resource.
● Use a textbook as a guide, not a mandate, for
instruction.
● Be free to modify, change, eliminate, or add to the
material in the textbook.
● Supplement the textbook with lots of outside readings.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!
 Reference/s:
https://www.academia.edu/7775288/PHARMACY_INFORMATICS_PHARMACY_INFORMATICS

https://thoughtfullearning.com/inquireHSbook/pg376

https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/ovid/international-pharmaceutical-abstracts-ipa-109

https://www.google.com/amp/s/slideplayer.com/amp/4592984

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/hsl/drugs/druginfo

https://present5.com/drug-information-resources-tertiary-resources-drug-information/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/textbook

http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/glossary-curriculum-terminology/t/textbook

https://paperpile.com/g/textbook-secondary-source

https://www.teachervision.com/curriculum-planning/textbooks-advantages-disadvantages?page=2

https://www.accp.com/docs/meetings/UT18/handouts/Drug_Information_Evidence-Based_Medicine_Research_HIPPA_Supplemental_Chapter_AM.p
df

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdOSKbfpV1U