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There are many ways available to gather information needed for an
extensive literature review. A physical library, whether in your school, a
university library or any public library near you provides a large

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repository of quality assured and reliable information in all forms–
digital and in-print. Ideally, a library caters to information stored but
not only in books, periodicals, encyclopedias and other general

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references but also computer-based resources available offline
(starbooks, Encarta kids, encyclopedia Britannica) and online (web-
based search engines). Data may be obtained from published and

LIBRARY &
unpublished works available. One may refer to indexes or catalogs done
manually or online (on-line public access catalogues) use of a computer
system that complies lists or journals, periodicals, books, articles,

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magazines, newspapers, and monographs. Catalogs or indexes of
unpublished materials, particularly masters’ theses and doctoral
dissertations, should also be consulted (Harland, 2011). Many things

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can be done and sourced out in a library if you only know how to use it
efficiently or coordinate with the librarian
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We shall be cautious because of most of what is found on the internet
cannot be considered for scholarly research. Everyone can put anything
on the internet, factual or erroneous, resulting in misinformation to

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those who are not critical in receiving such information. That is why we
have to be familiarized with different websites containing free and
open-access resources commonly used by scholars/researchers.

LITERATURE:
FREE, OPEN-ACCESS RESOURCES
LIBRARY &
• Google Scholar https:// scholar.google.com

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• National Science Digital Library
https://ndsl.org/search
• Scirus www.scirus.com/srsapp/advanced/index.jsp

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• Open J-Gate https://openjgate.rg/search
• World Cat https://worldcat.org

Source: Harland. Darci J. stem student research handbook

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1.Identify key issues
to be assessed in the
literature review
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2. Writing background
research question

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3.IdentifyingLIBRARY &
reliable sources of
information
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research
information
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LITERATURE:
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RESEARCH
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1. IDENTIFYING KEY ISSUES TO BE ASSESSED BY THE
LITERATURE REVIEW

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Before searching for articles and materials relevant to the research topic, identifying
the key issue is a must. Key issues will guide the literature search.

LITERATURE:
LIBRARY &
WHAT DOES KEY ISSUE MEAN?
A key issue refers to a central or critical topic or problem that is the focus of the

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review. It is an important concept or theme that the researcher explores and analyzes
within the existing body of literature. the key issue in a literature review plays a
crucial role in shaping the focus, organization, and analysis of the existing literature.

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It serves as a guiding principle for researchers, helping them navigate through the
vast body of knowledge and contribute meaningfully to their specific field of study.
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1. IDENTIFYING KEY ISSUES TO BE ASSESSED BY THE
LITERATURE REVIEW

HOW CAN WE FORMULATE RELATED

THESE KEY ISSUES?

LITERATURE:
BY IDENTIFYING THE:

LIBRARY &
A.) research topic and title;
B.) relationship between the dependent and Independent variables;
c.) objectives of the study;

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D.) specific problem; and
E.) type of literature review being conducted (e.q. issues of theory,
methodology, policy, or social issue)

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2. WRITING BACKGROUND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Writing background research questions in a Review of Related

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Literature (RRL) is crucial for several reasons. These questions
provide a framework for your literature review and serve as a guide for
both the writer and the reader.

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ON EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CATEGORY,

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RESEARCHERS SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST ONE QUESTION:

1. ENTITY
2.
3.
4.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VRIABLE INTERNET
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE ENTITY AND THE

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INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES.

Source: Harland. Darci J. stem student research handbook

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3. IDENTIFYING RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION

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There is a wide variety of sources available for locating articles for the
review of literature. Many of these sources are available in the libraries. The
internet can also be used to locate articles. Some of the sources of
information include:
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A. JOURNAL ARTICLES are good, especially for up-to-date information.
They’re frequently used in literature reviews because they offer a
relatively concise, up-to-date format for research, and because all

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reputable journals are peer-revied and refereed.
B. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS are useful in providing current
research findings or research that has not been published. They

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comprise complete account of the work may appear at a later date in a
journal article, report, or thesis. Research often use conferences to
present preliminary finding for their work.
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3. IDENTIFYING RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION

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C. THESES AND DISSERTATIOS are very detailed and comprehensive
accounts of research work. They are usually submitted to a higher degree at
a university. Like, reports, their publicity, their publicity and distributions
may be very limited.
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D. BOOKS generally provide comprehensive overviews of a particular
subject.in doing so they may be refer to, sometimes extensively, the research
literature found in journal articles, reports, conference proceedings, or
theses.
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E. GOVERNMENT/CORPORATE REPORTS their published findings can

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provide a useful source of information, depending on the researcher’s field
of study.
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3. IDENTIFYING RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION

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F. NEWSPAPERS can also offer useful information about recent trends,
discoveries or changes e.g. announcing changes in new scientific discoveries.

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G. SPECIALIZED MAGAZINES are very useful in providing general

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information about new discoveries and politicies.

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4. NOTE TAKING AND ORGANIZING THE RESEARCH
In planning your comprehensive literature review, part of planning process

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is how you are going to organize the different information gathered. Pieces
of information related to your study can be acquired anywhere, from a
random book on your leisurely reading, or walking down the street, on the

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leisurely scan on your social media accounts, more so during your devoted
literature survey in the library or on the internet. This is the reason why you

LIBRARY &
must have a note-taking tool organized and readily available all the time.
After you finished your experiment , you will be writing a scientific paper
and present it during school-based science fair. For everything you read,

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record not only the name of the resource your information came from but
also the page numbers on which it appeared. To save time and focus your
research energy, you should also organize your notes within the categories of
your research questions.
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