18ARC82_MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION VIII
VIII SEMESTER A SECTION

AR. SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
BMSCA
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
SCHEME

Semester and Section VIII A Session EVEN Semester 2022 (April 2022- July 2022)

Subject Code 18ARC82 Subject Title MMBC VIII

Prog./ CIE Marks 50 Exam Scheme Theory

Theory Exam Marks 100 Periods per week 4 Credits 4

Faculty Ar. Channabasavaradhya, Ar. Sindhushree R Prasad

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

SYLLABUS
MODULE - 1 MODULE – 2 MODULE - 3 MODULE – 4 MODULE - 5

Innovations in Construction
industry:
1. New directions in
Construction Industry:
Impact of Automation,
Information, Prefabrication,
Modular Construction, New
Materials, Equipment and
Environmental concerns on
Building Construction.
2. Special Constructions: Under
water constructions,
underground constructions,
kinetic constructions
Technology integration: Retrofit and Repairs: Green Building Concepts: High-Performance Materials:
1. Influence of Informatics 1. Life Cycle concept of 1. Green Building Concepts, 1. Smart Materials: Properties of Smart
in construction Industry: buildings and Construction, Materials Materials, Applications in the Building
Big Data, Cloud materials. Industry
Collaboration, 2. Zero Energy building
Information 2. Repairs: Types of Concepts 2. Nano Materials: Introduction to
Management, Modeling, damage to buildings; Nanotechnology in building materials,
Simulation, 3D Printing Types of Repairs used Applications in Building Industry
2. Construction Equipment: 3. Retrofit: Reuse of
New advances in buildings, Renovations
Construction Equipment

High Rise Buildings:

1. Form work in High-rise

buildings: Issues and
Constraints. Materials used;
some examples like Maivan,
Doka. PERI

2. Enclosure Systems: Types,

properties and materials

3. Special and Light Weight

materials, eg. Concretes,
plastics

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

MODULE 2

ASSIGNMENT:
Each group will present a case study on THREE CASE STUDIES of
• GREEN BUILDINGS
• NET ZERO BUILDINGS

ONE TIME PROBLEM- DISCUSSED IN CLASS- INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT – 02 : DESCRIPTION: SUBMISSION ON: 07-07-22

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
 GREEN BUILDINGS- CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTION
AND MATERIALS
• Introduction
• Why is it required?
• What are its Goals?
• What are the Common Features of a Green Building?
• When should the Green Concept be introduced?
• What are the 5 Principles of a Green Building?
• What are the Techniques / Strategies?
• What is Certification of Green Buildings? How is it done?
• What are the Challenges when proposing a Green Building?
• Case Studies
• Building Examples

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING DEVELOPMENT?

• Green building, also called sustainable

building or high-performance building, is the
concept of creating structures and processes
that are environmentally responsible and
resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-
cycle from siting to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovation and
deconstruction.
• This process produces healthier buildings and
sites that have less impact on the environment
and cost less to maintain.
• Green-building concepts extend beyond the
walls of buildings and include site planning,
community and land-use planning issues as
well.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHY IS A GREEN BUILDING REQUIRED?
• Environmental benefits
• Enhance and protect biodiversity and
ecosystems
• Improve air and water quality
• Reduce waste
• Conserve and restore natural resources
• Economic benefits
• Reduce operating costs
• Create, expand, and shape markets for
green product and services
• Improve occupant productivity
• Optimize life-cycle economic
performance
• Health & Social benefits
• Enhance occupant comfort and health
• Heighten aesthetic qualities
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure
• Improve overall quality of life
• Reduce exposure of humans and other
organisms to hazardous substances
What are the Goals of a Green building?
• Life cycle assessment
• Siting and structure design efficiency
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Materials efficiency
• Indoor environmental quality
enhancement
• Operations and maintenance optimization
• Waste reduction
• Achieving the Triple Bottom Line
Framework
What is the Triple Bottom
Line (TBL)?
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
WHAT ARE THE COMMON FEATURES OF A GREEN BUILDING?

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES?

Reference drawings showing strategies incorporated

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
WHEN SHOULD THE GREEN CONCEPT BE INTRODUCED?

• Green construction methods can be

integrated into buildings at any stage,
from design and construction, to
renovation and deconstruction.
• However, the most significant benefits can
be obtained if the design and construction
team takes an integrated approach from
the earliest stages of a building project.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE 5 PRINCIPLES OF GREEN BUILDING PRACTICES?

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?

• Architectural Design:
• Site
• Passive Design Strategies
• Building Components:
• Roofs & Walls
• Windows
• Materials
• Building Insulation
• Services:
• Lighting
• Renewable Energy
• Water
• Indoor Air Quality
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Solar power
• Organic waste recycling
• Smart Appliances
• Green Building Standards Reference image showing various strategies incorporated
• Landscaping
• Life cycle assessment
• Energy efficiency
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?
Architectural Design:
• Site
Form & Orientation
• Passive Design Strategies

Passive Design Strategies

• Form & orientation
• Shading
• Cool roofs
• Fenestration
• Insulation
• Daylighting
• Natural ventilation
• Thermal mass
• Evaporative cooling
• Thermal Comfort

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?

Cool roofs Shading

• Light coloured roofs for

lower roof temperatures
• Highly reflective materials
for roofs

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?
Fenestration

Insulation

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?

Daylighting Natural Ventilation

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES?

Thermal mass

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES? Building Components

Green roofs are very effective at saving energy, improving air quality and helping
to manage stormwater. They are usually constructed of a top layer of vegetation,
soil, a root barrier, drainage, and layers to protect the roof itself and support the
weight. Green roofs can be cooler than the surrounding air temperature because
they provide shade, and as plants absorb water and evaporate it, the air is cooled.
They can reduce the cost of air conditioning by 25 percent, lessen air pollution by
collecting fine dust pollutants, increase biodiversity, help manage stormwater by
absorbing precipitation, and provide aesthetic enhancement. Some green roofs also
grow food.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES? Services
Wind power from horizontal or vertical axis turbines also provide free and clean
energy once installed. But wind energy is also intermittent, can be noisy and may
harm wildlife. Geothermal energy takes advantage of the earth’s internal warmth
to provide heat and power. It can be used directly by tapping into geothermal
reservoirs for hot water. Steam or hot water can also be captured and used to
drive a turbine to produce electricity. Geothermal heat pumps capture heat from
the earth, which is a constant 55-60˚F six feet below the ground, to warm a
building in winter, then transfer it back into the ground in the summer for cooling.
Geothermal energy is economical, clean, quiet, and is available year-round.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES? Services

Services
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Solar power

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES? Landscaping

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

CERTIFICATION OF GREEN BUILDINGS

Substantial List of Possible Elements that can contribute to a development getting the “Green” designstion

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

CERTIFICATION OF GREEN BUILDINGS

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

INDIAN GREEN ACCREDITATION BODIES

• IGBC - Indian Green Building Council

• GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

 IGBC - INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

• Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has developed green building rating programmes to cover
commercial, residential, factory buildings, etc., Rating programmes would help projects to address all
aspects related to environment and is an effective tool to measure the performance of the building/
project.

IGBC Green Homes Rating System

https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

 IGBC - INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
GRIHA - GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT

RATING THRESHOLD

https://www.grihaindia.org/manuals

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

GRIHA – CRITERIA & THEIR WEIGHTAGE

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES WHEN PROPOSING A GREEN BUILDING?

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
T-ZED HOMES BY BCIL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD (BCIL)

Location : Airport- Whitefield Road, Bangalore

Area : 5 Acres
80 apartments, 15 independent homes
Super Built-up Area : 2155 Sft. to 3537 Sft.

Overview:
T-ZED, India’s first IGBC platinum-rated residential
apartment complex, completed in 2009. BCIL
did not use bricks, concrete blocks, chemical
paints, vitrified tiles or ceramics in its construction.
It also used a nominal amount of steel,
composite cement and reinforcement steel in
building the 80 apartments and 15 family
homes, each of which is Vaastu-compliant, that
comprise the T-ZED complex built over 5 acres.
Nor were any of the materials sourced from
beyond 700 kms.
(ZED stands for Zero Energy Development)

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
T-ZED HOMES BY BCIL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD (BCIL)
MATERIALS • TZed uses building technologies and materials (like
stone and mud) that reduces carbon emission through
savings on resources and embodied energies.
• BCIL has used filler slabs, incorporating fly ash blocks,
to save the amount of steel and cement used.
• External walls are built using soil-stabilised blocks
(around five lakhs have been used), laterite blocks
and finishing treated with fine waterproof coating. This
ensures that surfaces are non-erodable, need no
external paint applications and are thermally efficient.
• Green roofs or “sky gardens” also contribute to the
thermal comfort of the dwellings. These provide a
planting space for every home while serving as
thermal insulation for adjoining and lower built
spaces. Each sky garden uses lightweight mulch and
coir pith instead of heavier soil, and is irrigated via a
drip method.
• Rubberwood, a non-forest timber, is used for door
shutters and as flooring. Palm wood has been used for
external walkway decking. They have also used
compressed coir door panels for the door shutters,
while bamboo composites provide roofing for part of
the club and the interior woodwork in places. These
are local resources that use less energy to produce,
thus reducing carbon emissions.
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
EXAMPLES
T-ZED HOMES BY BCIL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD (BCIL)
WATER • A self sufficient and secure water supply system is
also provided, using the rainwater collected from
the roofs, which is stored in shallow aquifers,
through a system of drains, percolation pits,
trenches and wells. Around 44 recharge wells
are dug to help water percolation through the
ground into the shallow zone. Four bore wells act
as backup for water in extreme conditions of
shortage of harvested water, these wells are
equipped with sand filters and ozonation systems.
• Solar water pumps draw this water from the
shallow aquifers into a transit tanks from where it
is sent for ozonizing thereby making it potable.
Then it is sent to small overhead tanks for daily
storage before it reaches the homes. Hot water is
always available as solar water heaters have
been installed.
• There is no outgoing sewerage connection for this
campus. All wastewater (grey water) is treated,
through a process of filtration, aeration and
ozonisation to be reused for gardens in a way
that such water eventually percolates into the
open wells and so completing the loop of use
and generation. This treated water also finds it
way into the water closets of the individual
homes.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
T-ZED HOMES BY BCIL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD (BCIL)
ENERGY • Centralised district refrigeration system and air
conditioning system using an ammonia-based
chilling unit (non ozone depleting product) has
been provided to the campus. Such strategy
allows large economy of scale and also means
that there are no compressors in the individual
refrigeration units installed in each home. This in
turn enables better management of cooling
needs and more space for storage within each
fridge.
• Intelligent lighting systems blend motion sensors,
ambient light sensors and timers to ensure that
lights are switched off when not needed.
Compact fluorescent lamps and light emitting
diodes (LED’s) are used for common areas, cutting
power consumption by up to 80 per cent while
protecting lighting efficiency.
• Each home also has “conscience meters”,
monitoring electric watts and water consumption.
An electrical watt- meter fitted in each home
indicates the wattage used at a particular time
and thus allows users to monitor their power
consumption and introduce efficiencies. Meters on
the kitchen and bathroom taps help to monitor
the volume of water used in litres.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
T-ZED HOMES BY BCIL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD (BCIL)
WASTE • Kitchen wastes are segregated into organic
/inorganic wastes. Organic waste goes to the
vermicomposting pits where they are converted
into Vermicompost, a nutrient-rich natural
fertilizer and soil conditioner to be used for the
garden.
Black water from the toilets and bathroom
proceed toward the Sewage Treatment Plant,
an anaerobic digester where 70% of the
biological matter is decomposed. Grey water
proceeds to a decentralised water treatment
system, which then passes through an root zone
treatment system. This water is used for irrigation
of herbs, plants and grass and finally joins the
shallow aquifer.

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

Typology: Commercial, • Built form evolved from numerous aspects observed to be intrinsic to the nature of the site and
Institutional the nature of this institute.

Location: Madhapur, • Arrangement of spaces determined by existing rocks on the site and contours dictating the
Hyderabad position and levels of plinths.
Area: 20,000 sq.ft • Introvert court encourages interaction and exhibition yet maintaining a relationship to the
landscape through physical and visual connection beyond.
Year: 2004
• GBC tries to adapt to strong approach in favour of eco- friendly and energy efficient
architecture, making a building which is first of its kind in India.
• Incorporates pioneering technologies and materials to achieve excellence in the following
aspects of ‘GREEN ARCHITECTURE’
18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD
EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

EXAMPLES
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE HYDERABAD: LEED PLATINUM

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA

• T-Zed Homes by Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd. (BCIL), Bangalore

• Cisco Building, Bangalore
• Infosys Limited, Mysore
• Infosys, Hyderabad
• CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad
• Suzlon One Earth, Pune
• I-Gate Knowledge Centre, Noida
• Patni (i-GATE) Knowledge Center, Noida
• Ansal Esencia, 67 Sector, Gurgaon
• ITC Maurya Hotel, New Delhi
• Infinity Benchmark, Kolkata
• Bank Of India, Goa
• Olympia Tech Park Chennai

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

PREVIOUS YEAR QPS

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD

REFERENCES

GREEN BUILDINGS
• https://www.worldgbc.org/how-can-we-make-our-buildings-green
• https://archive.epa.gov/greenbuilding/web/html/components.html
• https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign
• https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/green_building_about.php#:~:text=GRIHA%20is%20an%20acronym%20for,
the%20environment%20in%20various%20ways.
• https://igbc.in/igbc/

18ARC82_MMBC VIII_VIII A_CHANNABASAVARADHYA & SINDHUSHREE R PRASAD