Раздел 2.

Чтение

10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в
таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Technology innovations of James Cameron’s magnum opus ‘Avatar’

1. Digital animation 5. Use of Simul-cam

2. Going Virtual 6. A camera system using 3D fusion
3. Head rig for facial capture 7. Replacement of performance features
4. Underwater Motion Capture 8. Performance capture

James Cameron is a visionary who brought about major technological innovations through his films. In Avatar, he
used a combination of 3D and CGI wherein he mixed real footage with CGI that was motion captured. Let’s take a
look at the some of the innovations introduced by him in this film:

A. Avatar made a wide use of CGI or computer generated imagery. Such a technique was previously seen in the
classic adaptation – Beowulf, which was directed by Robert Zemeckis. When Cameron pointed the camera
towards the actors while shooting for Avatar, they were not seen as humans but as their on-screen avatars
(generated by computers). This happened in real time.

B. To give the world of Avatar a more enhanced look, the results of the motion capture were captured in real time.
The use of this technique allowed the director to view the virtual background in terms of an action shot in real
time. The CGI scenes in the film could be directed like a normal live-action scene.

C. It took almost a year for the expert team – including James Cameron and a score of artists, to successfully
transfer their work onto images that looked like real photos. Time was utilized for paying attention to every
minute item in the shot- from a rock to a tree and even a leaf. These were rendered individually using the most
innovative techniques (shading, lighting, and so on). These techniques made use of 1000 terabytes (equalling 1
petabyte) from hard disk storage.

D. The actors in the movie shot the scenes while wearing a special device on their head. It was used to take digital
shots of their faces. These digital shots provided full movement of facial features for those characters that were
generated by computers. The face capture process transforms analog information (a face) into a set of digital
information (data) based on the person's facial features. Your face's analysis is essentially turned into a
mathematical formula. The numerical code is called a faceprint.

E. Usually, when a director feels the need to insert a dialogue or make it more clear, they make use of additional
dialogue replacement or ADR. But in many cases, when you want to improve the dialogue, the movement of the
lips may not match. On the other hand, if you want to introduce a new dialogue, the director may have to create a
wide shot or use a head shot from behind. Overcoming all these obstacles, Cameron developed a whole new way of
inserting a new dialogue or facial scan on top of an already performed scene.

F. Cameron used this system in the year 2003 for his film Ghosts of the Abyss. Since then this system has been
used by several directors to give their work a unique innovative touch. For Avatar, the production used three Sony
models: the F950, the HDC1500 (for 60-fps high-speed work) and, toward the end of production, the F23.

G. Over the last three decades, James Cameron has been obsessed with water, chiefly filming in it. And with the
imminent release of Avatar 2: The Way of Water, the Titanic director takes motion capture to a new level, by
developing an underwater mocap system, and a 3D-based beam splitter camera rig for creating the iconic CGI
Na'vi characters.

A B C D E F G
 11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Avatar 2's CGI & underwater tech is even better than you realize (by Autumn Cejer)

The CGI and underwater technology for Avatar: The Way of Water will be even better than viewers realize.
Director James Cameron broke numerous box office records for Avatar thanks to the new technology A) ___ that
helped bring the world of Pandora to life. Based on the Avatar 2 trailer, his ambitious plans are on track to repeat
that success. Having B) ___ and 3D technology, which granted Avatar its fame, Avatar 2 employs new
underwater mo-cap that Cameron invented for the sequel. Instead of mimicking underwater scenes by
suspending people from cables, the actors for Avatar 2 are submerged in a 900,000-gallon water tank C) ___ .
The trailer provides the first real look at this new method, but the final product likely won't even compare. Avatar
2's CGI, and the underwater scenes in particular, already look stunning, but the movie is still a long way out from
release. It's not uncommon for visual effects D) ___ — and improved — up until a movie's premiere, especially
for anything that relies as much on CGI as the Avatar franchise. There's surely still a fair bit of post-production
work to do on the sequel. The trailer only E) ___ that were likely deemed most ready for the public eye,
preserving the remainder of the film for more editing. Even the clips that were shown may still be subjected to
last-minute touch-ups F) ___ Cameron's high standards of perfection. His determination to break new
filmmaking ground and try a new, much more difficult, and costly method for underwater scenes just proves how
far he will go to deliver the best possible shot.

1) revealed a few snippets of select scenes

2) to ensure that the entire movie satisfies
3) to be worked on
4) designed to imitate ocean currents
5) brought in underwater dance and gymnastics professionals
6) moved past regular motion capture
7) invented for the movie

A B C D E F
12. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Linguist creates a new language for 'Avatar' (from HandWiki)

The Naʼvi language is a fictional constructed language originally made for the 2009 film Avatar. In the film
franchise, the language is spoken by the Naʼvi, a race of sapient humanoids indigenous to the extraterrestrial
moon Pandora. The language was created by Paul Frommer. Naʼvi was designed to fit moviemaker James
Cameron's conception of what the language should sound like in the film. It had to be realistically learnable by the
fictional human characters of the film and pronounceable by the actors, but also not closely resemble any single
human language.
When the film was released in 2009, Naʼvi had a growing vocabulary of about a thousand words, but
understanding of its grammar was limited to the language's creator. However, this has changed subsequently as
Frommer has expanded the lexicon to more than 2600 words and has published the grammar, thus making Naʼvi
a relatively complete, learnable and serviceable language.
The Naʼvi language has its origins in James Cameron's early work on Avatar. In 2005, while the film was still in
scriptment form, Cameron felt it needed a complete, consistent language for the alien characters to speak. He had
written approximately thirty words for this alien language but wanted a linguist to create the language in full. His
production company contacted the linguistics department at the University of Southern California seeking
someone who would be interested in creating such a language. Edward Finegan, a professor of linguistics at USC,
thought that the project would appeal to Paul Frommer, with whom he had co-authored a linguistics textbook.
Based on Cameron's initial list of words, which had a "Polynesian flavor" according to Frommer, the linguist
developed three different sets of meaningless words and phrases that conveyed a sense of what an alien language
might sound like: one using contrasting tones, one using varying vowel lengths, and one using ejective
consonants. Of the three, Cameron liked the sound of the ejectives most. His choice established the phonology
that Frommer would use in developing the rest of the Naʼvi language – morphology, syntax, and an initial
vocabulary – a task that took six months.
The Naʼvi vocabulary was created by Frommer as needed for the script of the movie. By the time casting for
Avatar began, the language was sufficiently developed that actors were required to read and pronounce Naʼvi
dialogue during auditions. During shooting Frommer worked with the cast, helping them understand their Naʼvi
dialogue and advising them on their Naʼvi pronunciation, stress, and intonation. Actors would often make
mistakes in speaking Naʼvi. In some cases, those mistakes were plausibly explained as ones their human
characters would make while learning the language in-universe; in other cases, the mistakes were incorporated
into the language.
Frommer expanded the vocabulary further in May 2009 when he worked on the Avatar video game, which
required Naʼvi words that had not been needed for the film script and thus had not yet been invented. Frommer
also translated into Naʼvi four sets of song lyrics that had been written by Cameron in English, and he helped
vocalists with their pronunciation during the recording of James Horner's Avatar score. At the time of the film's
release on December 18, 2009, the Naʼvi vocabulary consisted of approximately 1000 words.
Work on the Naʼvi language has continued even after the film's release. Frommer is working on a compendium,
which he plans to deliver to Fox in the near future. He hopes that the language will "have a life of its own," and
thinks it would be "wonderful" if the language developed a following. Since then, it has developed a following, as
is evident through the increasing learner community of the language. The community's Lexical Expansion Project,
together with Frommer, has expanded the lexicon by more than 50 percent.
Frommer also maintains a blog, Na’viteri, where he regularly posts additions to the lexicon and clarifications on
grammar. Naʼviteri has been the source of the vast majority of Naʼvi growth independent of Frommer's contract
with 20th Century Fox.
1. The Na’vi language is:
А) impossible to pronounce
B) like any other human language
C) artificial
D) created by Cameron

Ответ: ___

2. The Na’vi language

А) has a limited number of words
B) has no grammatical structures
C) is impossible to understand
D) is possible to learn

Ответ: ___

3. Cameron decided to invent a new language

А) before shooting his first film
B) during the meeting with Paul Frommer
C) while writing the script
D) after filming The Alien

Ответ: ___

4. "Polynesian flavor" in the text means

А) a substance that tastes
B) characteristic or predominant quality
C) the quality of something that affects the sense of taste
D) one that is in the center of public attention for a limited time

Ответ: ___

5. When actors made mistakes,

А) it was funny
B) it sometimes helped to enrich the vocabulary
C) they were always corrected
D) it was encouraged

Ответ: ___

6. Frommer expanded the vocabulary because

А) some words from the film were not suitable for the Avatar video game
B) he wanted to invent new words
C) new words were necessary for the Avatar video game
D) there were not enough words by the time of the film's release

Ответ: ___

7. Paul Frommer
А) constantly develops the language
B) created a blog for the Na’vi language
C) teaches the Na’vi language
D) worked under a contract with 20th Century Fox

Ответ: ___
 Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence is the way that living organisms emit light. It 19) _______ (EMPLOY) by nearly all
Pandoran animals. Even the Na'vi have patterns of glowing dots that are unique to each individual. To avoid being
detected by predators or prey, animals can damp down their own light. The RDA previously 20) _______
(EXPLOIT) it as another resource in the form of exotic jewelry and clothing. Most of Pandora's flora and fauna
emit only one single colour, often green, blue, indigo, or violet. There are exceptions, like the warbonnet fern. Its
leaves 21) _________ (ILLUMINATE) by a broad band of red near their stems and by an iridescent blue
near their tips. On Pandora, there is also a bioluminescent moss that is touch-sensitive. It 22) ________
(SEND) out rings of blue-green light when it hears footsteps. Bioluminescence is an enzymatic reaction that
produces so called cold light. This reaction 23) ________ (RAISE) the valence electrons in the molecules of
an organic compound to an orbit of higher energy. While 24) _______ (DECAY) to its original state the
electrons emit photons of visible light. It is a highly efficient reaction as it converts nearly all energy into light. The
reaction can occur within the metabolism of the creature or within symbiotic organisms that live inside of
specialized organs, receiving food and oxygen from their host, and producing light in return.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в

конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.

Omaticaya Clan

The Omaticaya are a jungle-dwelling clan that 25) ________ (PREVIOUS) made their home in one of
Pandora's massive Hometrees. Their Hometree was over 20,000 years old and 300 meters tall. The clan made use
of all of its levels, with the deepest, 26) _______ (GROUND) chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the
surface level for general 27) ______ (LIFE) and gatherings as well as housing the mother loom and Toruk
Makto totem, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the
hunters' ikrans. When 28) _______ (PROSPECT) hunters reach a certain age, they must perform Iknimaya, a
rite of passage in which a young Na'vi must climb up into the Hallelujah Mountains to find an ikran. Through
tsaheylu, the initiate creates a lifelong bond with it. Once this act is performed, they must then complete
Uniltaron. After this, the initiate is accepted by the tribe as one of the People and is allowed to carve a bow from a
branch of the Hometree. The new clan member may also choose a mate. When a member of the clan dies, the
Omaticaya dig a hole near the roots of Hometree and place the deceased inside. The friends and family of the
deceased line the grave with flowers and a Woodsprite is placed over them, along with their songcord. The clan
honors the 29) _______(FALL) member with singing and chanting.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют
заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле
ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
 James Cameron says Avatar 2 draws on his experience as an 'a--hole dad' (by Aurora Amidon)
James Cameron has revealed that he 30)__________ some inspiration for the film from his own experiences.
In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, the director explained that the "overarching" theme of The Way of
Water is the idea that "the family is the fortress," and simultaneously, "our greatest weakness and our greatest 31)
___ ." He added that, "as a parent of five kids," he knew he could bring something personal to the film's script. "I
know what it is to be the asshole dad," Cameron said. This isn't the first time that Cameron has described The
Way of Water as a uniquely emotional, family-based film. The director noted that "the emphasis in the new film is
more 32)____________ character, story, relationships, emotion," adding that, in the 2009 film Avatar, "We
didn't spend as much time on relationship and emotion in the first film as we do in the second film." He also
explained that The Way of Water isn't a Disney-esque family story, but is a little more in 33)________ with
something grittier . Moreover, Cameron stated that, in this sense, The Way of Water is something of a
lighthearted 34) ___ to the modern superhero flick. The director explained that superheroes "never have kids,"
but many of the characters in the Avatar franchise do. He added that the presence of children in the film 35) ___
the stakes, adding that, while "their instinct is to be fearless and do crazy things," they can't always do that
because they have to look 36) ___ their children.
30. attracted scooped drew took
31. strength power force brawn
32.of in about on
33. track line row course
34. reprimand rebuke grumble blame
35. elevates increases raises lifts
36. after for up ahead

Ответы: 30. _____, 31. _____, 32. _____, 33. ____, 34. _____, 35. _____, 36. _____
 Раздел 4. Письменная речь
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Nick:

From: Ronny@mail.uk

To: Russian_friend@ege.ru

Subject: Avatar: The Way of Water

… Yesterday my Dad presented me two tickets to the premiere of Avatar 2. I’m so excited! We are going to
the cinema on the 16th of December, I can’t wait. Do you usually watch action films at home or go to the
cinema? Have you watched Avatar? What are your plans for the holidays?
Oh, I have some great news! I’ve saved enough pocket money to buy a new smartphone...

Write an email to Nick.

In your message:
− answer his questions;
− ask 3 questions about Nick’s new smartphone.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on what made Avatar so successful. You have found some data on
the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

What made Avatar so successful?

2% 4%

the cast 10%

the story 12%
the CGI (computer-
generated ideas)
the immersion
the soundtrack

72%

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
 make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
 select and report 2–3 facts;
 make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
 outline a problem that one can face choosing what to watch with friends together and suggest a way of
solving it;
 conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of spending time with your nearest and
dearest.
38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on preferred movie watching locations among adults in the
USA. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
 make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
 select and report 2–3 facts;
 make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
 outline a problem that one can face choosing a place to watch a movie and suggest a way of solving
it;
 conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of going out with your friends.
 Раздел 5. Говорение
Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for
the resentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then
be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it

There's a moon that's called Pandora far away, its unique flora and its fauna hold the sway, keeping everything
aligned, a rooted network provides spine, but looting plunderers have plans to clear away. The indigenous in this
place are called Na'vi, harmonious and peaceful and they're free, now Jake Sully has appeared, in a body that's
been geared, to gain their trust and then encourage them to flee. But these folks are going nowhere and they fight,
against an army with great power and great might, one for all and all for one, they must do what must be done,
and hope that someone has the vision to see the light.
Thirteen years after its release, Avatar still proves to be an exceptional blockbuster that makes the most of a
simple and predictable story, to develop a visually awesome and emotional experience that must be had in the
cinema. The Last Airbender became so popular due to the fact that the cartoon is both visually stunning and it has
a unique, deep, engaging and highly incredible story. Besides, people love going back in time to find something so
amazing through the new lenses. It cannot be understated how much 3D played into Avatar's box office success
story. While 3D had seen a resurgence in 2009 with releases like My Bloody Valentine 3D, Monsters vs Aliens,
and A Christmas Carol, it was Avatar, that showed audiences a new way of using the technology.
Task 2. Study the advertisement
You are considering learning Na’vi in a language school and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5
minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:
1) location
2) evening classes
3) cost of the course
4) discounts for students

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions
(2–3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Tapescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager
from Russia and we are going to discuss movies. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue.
Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: What movie genre do you like best?
Student: __________________________________
Interviewer: Which actor could play you in the biopic best of all? Why?
Student: __________________________________
Interviewer: Would you like a job as a movie critic? Why?
Student: __________________________________
Interviewer: Who do you like watching movies with best 0f all?
Student: _______________________________
Interviewer: What impressed you most of all when you went to the cinema for the first time?
Student: _______________________________
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Watching movies”. You have found some
illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:
• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
• mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of watching movies;
• mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of watching movies ;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project – what way of watching a movie you prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
Photo 1 Photo 2

Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Getting around on the Pandora”. You have
found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be
ready to:
• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
• mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of getting around;
• mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of getting around;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project – which of the animals you would prefer to ride and
why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
Photo 1 Photo 2