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Performance of tube in tube structures: A review

Conference Paper  in  AIP Conference Proceedings · September 2019

DOI: 10.1063/1.5127135

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 Performance of Tube in Tube Structures: A Review

Adil G. Khatri1, a), Rupali Goud2, b), Gaurav Awasthi3, c)

1, 2, 3
Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Vashnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (M.P) 453111, India.
a)
Corresponding author: adilgkhatri@gmail.com
b)
rupali.goud05@gmail.com
c)
gaurava91@gmail.com

Abstract. In present time due to less availability of land and increasing population so the tall buildings is better as it take less
space. Tubular structure is a common feature in tall buildings. Tubular structures include frame tube, braced tube, tube in tube,
bundled tube structures. The concept of tubular structure is that the building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it
like a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground. Tube in tube structures are better compared to other tubular systems because
it has less storey shear, storey displacement, storey drift. For obtaining better results X Bracings can be used in tube in tube
structures. In this study we will see the effect of X Bracing on tube in tube structures by comparing tube in tube structures with
and without X bracing.

INTRODUCTION

In tall structures tubular structures are widely used. When the height of the structure is increased the effect of
lateral load is also increased. The different types of tubular structures are frame tube structures, braced tube
structures, bundled tube structures, tube in tube structures. In frame tube structures the columns are spaced at 2 to 4
m spacing and they are connected to spandrel beams and outer side moment resisting frames are provided. Frame
tube structures are better for 40 to 100 storey buildings. In frame tube structures shear lag occurs so to overcome this
problem advancement was done by providing x bracing on the outer side of the building i.e braced tube structures. X
bracings eliminates the shear lag effect and also spacing between the columns can be increased and the depth of
girders can be decreased which could be used for providing large windows. The interior tube of braced tube
structure carries gravitational force and outer tube diagonal members resist the lateral loads. Bundled tube structures
consist of assembly of tubes in the form of a bundle which provides large floor space area. Tube in Tube structures
has outer tube and inner tube the outer tube consists of dense columns and inner tube is shear wall. The diagram of
tube in tube structures shown in (fig 1)

Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Materials and Structures for Civil Infrastructures (SMSCI2019)
AIP Conf. Proc. 2158, 020011-1–020011-4; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127135
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1903-2/$30.00

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 FIGURE 1 Tube in Tube structure

LITERATURE REVIEW

Nishant Rana and Siddhant Rana (2014) have studied on “Structural Forms Systems for Tall Building
structures”. The structural system in structural engineering refers to lateral load resisting system of a structure. The
structural system of a tall building is designed to resist with vertical gravity loads and wind loads and seismic
activity are main causes of lateral loads. The different type of structural systems are braced frame structural system,
Framed tube Structural System, Outrigger braced Structural System, Shear wall. Outrigger braced Structural System.
Braced system is efficient and economical and they improve the lateral stiffness and resistance of rigid frame system
and other advantage of this system is that it eliminates the bending of columns and beams by resisting lateral loads
by axial stress. Shear wall structural system are provided along both length and width of buildings. The main
purpose of shear walls is to carry earthquake loads downwards to the foundation
.Nimmy Dileep and Renjith R (2015) carried the “Analytical investigation on the performance of tube in tube
structures subjected to lateral loads” The tubular structures are better for tall buildings. Tubular structures types are
framed tube, braced tube, tube-in-tube and bundled tube. A tube-in-tube structure consists of a outer tube and inner
tube interconnected by floor slab. Various models were developed for analyzing the behavior with lateral loads. The
interior and exterior columns of a tube in tube structures are close so they act as a solid surface. The main objective
of this thesis is to investigate the performance of a tube in tube structure with different positioning of the internal
tube which was analyzed on SAP 2000 software. The displacement was calculated at each floor level by equivalent
static, Response spectrum and Time history are were plotted for comparative study. By this three methods of
analysis the results of this the three models were compared to study the effect of lateral load pattern on
displacements of buildings
Hardik J. Patel et al, (2015) carried the “Braced tube structural system”. Braced tube is made by providing cross
bracings the frame with X bracings over the stories. Columns are connected to the bracings at each intersection to
eliminate the effect of shear lag in flange and web .By doing this the structure behaves under lateral loads like a
braced frame and there is reduction in bending in the members of the frame. Due to the flexibility of tubular
structures distribution of axial forces along the flanged frame columns at one floor is not uniform and the
distribution of shear forces along the web is not linear this phenomenon is called as shear lag effect. The aim of this
study is to determine the variable angle of X braced pattern under gravity and lateral loading and providing best X
bracing angle on different configuration of column
Jignesha Patel and Roshni J John (2015) have performed on “Seismic analysis of frame tube structures”. There
are different type of structural systems for tall buildings such as Rigid frame system Braced-tube systems. The Tube
systems are of three types as Frame tube system, Tube in Tube system, Bundled-tube system. Frame tube structures
are better than moment resisting frames since the material is outside the building..In tube buildings the interior floor

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space there is no core bracing and heavy columns. Such arrangement reduces the material use and makes the
building economical. For twenty-five storey frame Tube Structure is modelled with rigid diaphragm. This system
was analyzed by various type of slab like membrane for varying zones III, IV, V
Archana J and Reshmi P R (2016) carried the “Comparative study of tube in tube structures and tube mega
frames” The purpose of this study is to get a structural system that would be better for tall buildings. In this study
g+15 building for bare frame, tube in tube with tube position centre edge and inner tube, tube mega frame was
analyzed. The two types of methods a) Equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis. This two methods
were used in frame, tube in tube structures and tube mega frames. In comparison between to frame system, tube in
tube, tube mega systems, tube in tube structures showed better results. The results obtained by equivalent static
analysis and response spectrum analysis for bare frame, Tube in Tube, Tube mega frame were compared in this
study
Mohan K et al. (2017) performed a “Analysis of different forms of tube in tube structures subjected to lateral
loads” Advancements in structural systems are done by increasing the in building height and providing high strength
materials, and by reducing the weight of the building .Types of tubular systems include Framed tube, Braced tube,
Bundled tube, Tube-in-tube and Tube mega frame. In this study the modeling of 60 storied tube-in-tube structure
was done by using SAP 2000 for 5 shapes i.e., square, rectangle, triangle and hexagon shape moment resisting frame
was used with tube in tube structures. The values of storey displacement was calculated by this software for seismic
zones II and V. The values of storey displacement of square, rectangle, triangle, hexagonal shapes were compared.
Mostafa Moghadasi et al. (2017) performed on “Effect of geometry of plan on shear lag of frame tube tall
buildings subjected to the earthquake load. Frame tube structures is good for concrete and steel tall buildings. In
frame tube the overturning moment tube resist the overturning moment which cause compression and tension in
columns. The gravity loads are taken by exterior frames and interior columns In this investigation six reinforced
concrete framed tube models were analyzed. Two groups were made the first one has 40 stories and the second
group has 60 stories tube frames. These group of 60 and 40 stories included three different type of plan shapes: a)
Rectangular, b) Triangular, c) Hexagonal. Shear lag values were observed in each of this shapes and the values of
shear lag was compared.
Bipin H Naik et al. (2017) carried the “Comparative analysis between tube in tube structure and conventional
moment resisting system”. The purpose of this analysis was to study the behavior of tubular structure by varying
column spacing and X bracings. The main objective of this study is to compare the tube in tube structure with
moment resisting frame. Framed tube and framed tube in tube structures are much used for tall structures. Framed
tube structure with various internal tube which is also termed as tubes in tube structure, have high strength for
resisting horizontal load and the inner tubes are vertical tubes. This structure when come in contact with parallel
load like wind load, the corner sections experience higher axial load because of shear lag. Due to limited area and
increasing population it is important to expand structures in vertical direction than in horizontal direction. Tube in
Tube is most common used type of tubular structure consist of which internal tube can be used for movement
between the floors i.e. can be used to for providing stair case lift room.

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

1) Selection of topic
2) Study of research papers.
3) Selection of zones for analysis
4) Study of behavior of tube in tube structures with X bracings.
5) Modeling and analysis of tube in tube structure by Etab software.
6) Obtaining results and conclusions

CONCLUSIONS

The following are conclusions drawn from the present work are given as follows:
1) Tall buildings issues like issues like lateral sway, floor vibration should be taken into consideration.
2) Time history analysis is better in prediction of structural response then equivalent static analysis.

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 3) Most of the lateral load is resisted by diagonals members on the periphery, while gravity load is resisted by
both internal columns and peripheral diagonal members.
4) Tube in tube structure core wall have maximum reduction in displacement and drift. Square frame tubed
structure is more effective against lateral loads then triangular frame tubes, Traingular frame tubes are bad
against lateral loads.
5) In shear factor and structural behavior geometry plays an important role.
6) For tall buildings, frame tube structure are better structural system then conventional structure.

REFERENCES

1. Dileep Nimmy Dileep, R. Renjith, “Analytical investigation on the performance of tube in tube structures
subjected to lateral loads”, International Journal of research and Applications, 3(4), pp. 284-288 (2015).
2. J. Archana, P .R. Reshmi, “Comparative Study on Tube in Tube Structures and Tubed Mega Frames”
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(8), pp. 14745-14752
(2016).
3. K. Mohan, Y. Rahul and K N Virendra Kumara, “Analysis of Different Forms of Tube in Tube Structures
Subjected to Lateral Loads” International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 4(2), pp
56-64 (2017).
4. Mostafa Moghadasi, Soheil Taeepoor, Mehdi Mahmoudi, “The Effect of Geometry of Plan on Shear Lag of
Framed Tube Tall Buildings Subjected to the Earthquake Load” International Journal of Structural and Civil
Engineering Research, 6, pp. 268-271 (2017).
5. Jignesha Patel, Roshni J John, “Seismic analysis of frame tube structure” International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, 6(12), pp 54-57 (2015).
6. Bipin H Naik, B S Suresh Chandra, “Comparative Analysis between Tube in Tube Structure and Conventional
Moment Resisting Frame” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(10), pp 808-812.
(2017).
7. Nishant Rana, Siddhant Rana, “Structural Forms Systems for Tall Building Structures”, International Journal
of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE), 1(4), pp 36-39 (2014).
8. Hardik J. Patel, A. R. Darji, K.B. Parikh, “Braced tube Structural System”. International Journal of Scientific
& Engineering Research, 6(12), pp 484-489 (2015).

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