18 1.3 REFERENCES ‘alam, B. 0, (2007), “rte! Milestones in Develop iment of Post ensioned Buildings” AC, Conerete Is ternational October 2007, pp 52-52 Aslam, 8.0, (2006), “Impact of Restrain Cracks on ‘Sevictabilisy and Safety of Post Tensioned Floor Ss tems” ADAPT Corporation, Technical Note TN224, ‘worwadapteotecom, Sep 20065 pp. Aalam, B. 0, (1990), “Load Bolancing—A Compre hensive Solution to Past Tensioning” Structural Jour- ‘al, AC}, November-December 1990, pp 662-670. ‘ACI 318-14, 2014), “Bulng Code Requirements for Serutaral Concrete (ACT 318-14) and Commentary’ “Amerian Concrete Institue, Farmington Hil, Mi 48531, wwconcreteorg ‘ACL 340-11, (2011), "Bllding Code Requirements for ‘Structural Concrete (AC 318-11) and Commentary” Amerizan Concrete Institute, Farmington Hill, Ml ‘46391 ww.concreteong 503 pp ADAPT TW 302, (2008), “Computation of Design Vo tueat Design Sections Using Fite Elements” ADAPT Corporation, wwwaaptsoncom, p, 9 Post-Tensioned Bullings Billington, D. P, (2004), “Historical Perspective on Prestressed Concrete PC| Journal, an-Feb, 2008, pp 14530. Colin MP, and Mitchel, D, (1997), "Prestressed Con ‘rte Structures” Response Publications Canada, pp. 766, european Code EC2, (2004), “Furocade 2: Design of Conerete Structures—Port T-1 General rules and ‘ules for buildings” Buropean Standard EN 1982-1- 12004, 9G, (2012), “International Building Code” Whiter, A90601, vowwleesaears, Lin, (ue, 1963), "Load-Balancing Method for Design and Analysis of Prestesced Concrete Struc tures ACI Journal Proceedings, 60, No.6. Nawy, E.G, (2997), Prestressed Concrete Fundo ‘mento! Approach” Prentice Hall, International New Tersey, 3rd ed. 938 pp. “TRE, (2005), “Post.Tensioned Concrete Flors Design Handbook The Concrete Society Camberey Surrey. UK waeweonereteorguk pp 110, CHAPTER 2 POST-TENSIONING View ofa Post Tensioned Building (Soe) 2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PRESTRESSING Posttensioning sa method of prestressing concrete whereby the prestressing tondonsare pulled and an- ‘horedafterthe concrete that they are embedded has ‘developed sulficlent strength, Prestressing concepts fand the underlying theoretical background have been filly covered tna numberof good textbooks. Leonhard 1968] covers the early works, collins and Mitchell (Coins etal, 1997] offer an in-depth and comprehensive coverage ofthe subject. The book by Ed Nawy [Nawy, 1997] is a good university course texton the subject. 2.1.1 Prestressing Options ‘Quoting fom Colin ea the basle concept of re Inforced concrete, or both prestressed and on-pre stressed construction, stat ste! reinforcement is Placed in those locations ofastructire where tensile “Xresses are Ilkely to accu In prestresved concrete PostTensioned Buildings ‘onstruction, highstrength reinforcement is used. “This reinforcements tensioned prior tothe applica tion of external leds, This Intl tensioning ofthe reinforcement precompresses the surrounding con- fete, giving tte lt to resist higher loads prior tocracking "| ‘A. PostTensoning: There are two types of pre- stressing: post tensioning and pre-tensioning.Post- tensioning was developed fst. In post-tnsioning, the concrete is cast with a ductor sleeve that ere- es a vold for the post tensioning stel (Fig. 2.1.14 1a). The post-tensoning stel is elther placed in ‘he duct oF sleeve before the concrete i eas, o in sorted through it atervards. After the conerete has falned adequate suength, a stressing jack pulls the Steel strand while reacting against the body of the ‘conerete member The tension inthe steel imparts Sn esal compresdon In the surounding conerete, ‘Once the force in te steel reaches its design value, sw Fstructurescom