18 a Prszos (a) Paperarapped 1955-1970 ae @ ® ph-Proah Met was "uta ee (bj Piste sheath ypes 1860 poser (c) Encapsulated - PT recommended ys 1985 lance ses smn te (@) Becticaty slated tendon 1982 FIGURE 1.2D-1 Developmen of Single Strand UUnbonded Tendons in USA (Courtesy Nor Shpac Clifford Fryermuth, and the developrent of Fryer tnuth’s many educational seminars Is the US and publications and guidelines on postiensoning in building construction Figure 1.20-1ustrate the development of mono strand unbonded tendons inthe US, flowed in Fig, 4L2D-2 by sample ofa modern extruded and encap Slated stressing device for #corrosir-resitant ap plication, , Modern Design Tools: Integration with BIM: Automation inthe design process, fom inception to ‘onstruction, ba culminated inthe development of Bib (Building information Modeling). As expounded In Chapter 8, BIM attempts to intograte the entirety Post-Tensioned Buildings FIGURE 1.20-2 Example of Single Strand ‘Corrosion Resistant Encapsulated Anchorage (F130) of design and construction into single seamless process with expablty af information inter mong the partepating trades and processes. BIM posed a major challenge to the seamless Integr tion of structural engineers" work into the remain fer of building information package. The extraction bf information from a 3D construction model 12E-1) tothe structural engineer’ idealized analy sis model (Fig 126-2); to be used for analysis and Gesign, and he subsequent transfer of structural de ‘Sin information back tothe AD construction model isa formidable challenge. Recent developments in Structural engineering. and. software technology have met the challenge and suecssflly resolved the tbstace through the introduction of virtual analysis Space a8 outined in Chapter 8. Propelled by BIM, the modeling and integrated de ‘Sign ofa building asa whole is Ukely to be the pre ferred choice in major construction. For the design bf post tensioned loors and beam frames, the appl- ‘ation of design tools based on isolated design strips twill continue As expounded in Caper 3, the same does not apply to post-tensioning, unlike conven: tionally reinforced concrete, where unique and au tomated designs can be achieved once the geometry, houndary conditions, material properties and loads tre known, For post tensioning to achleve econom Cal designs and reach its opamization, the design engineer's knowledge and experience along with Specific pte are requied. To dat, software based tn design strips such as that shown in Fig. 12E-2 provide the optimization not available through the Integrated 3D design tools Introduetion| 1 (a) Physi model othe strustare (Reni P1315) (©) Analytical model othe strate dupiaing the yc festures (ge 31b) (6 Deformation cotou atu ound (ae (4) bison of so peste from the analysis ofthe | Isto) tire builing (Edge P1316), | FIGURE 1.26-1 Mult Story Building and ts Analytical Model for Structural Analysis (331) FIGURE 1.2/2 Tendon Layout and Deformation of Single Level Extracted from the Entire Building Model (ees 2)