PT10126: Teaching in PT Practice
Sociology of Education
SOCIOLOGY
● Latin SOCIUS - meaning ‘companion’
● Greek LOGOS - meaning ‘the study of’
● Concerned with social relationships
● Scientific study of human behavior in groups
○ Social life, social change and the social
causes and consequences of human
behavior
○ Structure of groups, organization and
societies and how people interact within
these contexts
■ Looks at the different problems that
besiege society and how it affects
us as members of society
○ Understand social inequality, patterns of
behavior, forces of social change and
resistance and how social systems work
■ Address most challenging issues of
our time
■ Studies how it affects us and
hopefully through this scientific
study we will be able to come up
with a solution
● Sociology addresses the most challenging issues of
our time
EDUCATION
● EDUCARE - ‘bring up’
● EDUCERE - ‘bring out’, ‘bring forth what is within’.
‘Bring out potential’
● DUCERE - ‘to lead’
● Any act or experience that has a formative effect on
the mind, character or physical ability of an individual
● Education is the process by which society deliberately
transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and
values from one generation to another
● The purpose of education is to develop the knowledge,
skill or character of students
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
● Means of organizing individual self (I) & social self
(We) into a disciplined, stable & meaningful unity
○ Education prepares us to be part of society
● Socialization
○ Represents initiation into society
○ Primary vehicle to learn the norms, values,
and skills needed to function in society
○ We become part of society
● Social Integration
○ Development of common set of beliefs and
values & process of preparing an individual
to be a proficient social agent in society
○ Needed to be a functioning member of
society so we can contribute our own acts of
society for its improvement
● Social Placement
UST-CRS 2023
○ Students are taught at the level that is
thought to suit them best to prepare them
for later life
○ Different levels of e`
■ Primary: Elementary
■ Secondary: High School
■ Tertiary: College and University
○ Makes sure that we are ready and prepared
for later life in stages
● Social and cultural innovation
○ Gives a means to contribute to positive
changes in society
○ If we understand what is happening in
society, we can create change
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
● Scientific analysis of the social processes and social
patterns involved in the educational system
○ Sociology in general is the entire society
○ Sociology of education is concerned with
problems in education
● Study fo the relations between education and society
● Study of how public institutions and individual
experiences affect education and its outcomes
● Concerned with the relationships, activities and
reactions of the teachers and students in the
classroom
● Highlights the influence of social life and social
relationships on the development of personality
● Emphasizes sociological problems in the realm of
education
○ We can improve, knowledge, skills and
attitudes of students
★ Encompasses the whole society
★ Education plays an important role in finding
solutions to problems
SCOPE
● Deals with analysis of educational situations in
various geographical and ethnological contexts
● Helps us understand the effectiveness of different
educational methods in teaching students with
different kinds of intelligences to prepare them for
life
○ Find methodologies that are effective for
learning of students
● Studies the effect of the economy upon the type of
education provided to the students
○ Relationships between social class, culture,
language, parental education, occupation,
and the achievement of the students.
○ Encompasses everything in our life in
society.
NEED TO STUDY
● Every society has its own changing socio-cultural
needs and requires education to meet these needs
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 ○ Conservation of resources, environmental
protection/changes, global citizenship
FROM RECITATION
➔ Eg. (In the context of) Pandemic
➔ Eg. Gender equality and PWD inclusivity
◆ PTs may act as advocates for PWDs
rights
➔ Eg. Environmental protection
➔ Eg. Overall wellness of the community
(pandemic)
● Helps to understand:
○ Effects of Social Elements on the working of
school and society on the life of individuals
○ Development of Society through the
formulation of various rules and regulations
and understanding of culture and traditions
○ Work of School and Teachers and its relation
to society, social progress, and development.
■ Helps us understand work of
school as an institution
○ Construction of curriculum in relation to the
cultural and economic needs of the society
■ We will understand how to design
our instruction and curriculum for
learners
● Base it on societal need
● Will it be effective to learners
○ Psychology of education,
have to understand learners
○ Fit way of teaching to your
learners
● EDUCATION is a necessary PILLAR FOR SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION towards sustainable development
● Means to confront global challenges
○ Education to be a key tool in response to
global socio-environmental problems of the
planet
○ Learning must prepare students and
learners of all ages to find solutions for
challenges of today and the future.
■ Learning must provide students
solutions for problems happening
today which will definitely affect
what will be happening in the future
■ In whatever learning context you
will be, make sure that education is
transformative
○ Education should be transformative and
allow us to make informed decisions and
take individual and collective action to
change our societies and care for the planet.
■ Positive solutions
■ For learners to make informed
decisions and cause positive
solutions and collective actions so
we can provide change in society
and for the care of our planet
○ Education for Sustainable Development
(ESD) empowers learners of all ages with the
knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to
address the interconnected global
challenges we are facing, including climate
change, environmental degradation, loss of
biodiversity, poverty, and inequality
■ Apply here that education is
important
● TEACHER as the leader in education for sustainable
development.
○ As future educators, learn the basics of
education so you’ll be able to prepare
yourselves to be future teachers for whatever
context you are going to be in.
● The United Nations through UNESCO studied this for
quite a long time. We have to confront these issues.
● SDGs are being required that governments should
address all of these; also the developed countries
should contribute so that they can help the
developing countries
○ The government as well as the developing
countries should also find solutions and ask
for help if they need it.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
SDG 4: QUALITY EDUCATION
➔ We have to be aware of the role of education in this
➔ As teachers, they have a role to play in the solution to
all of these problems
➔ We can be the stimulus for our students to be aware
of these problems and make little contributions in
society
OUTCOMES EXPECTED FROM EDUCATION
➔ To say that we are indeed provided quality education
● Universal primary and secondary education
● Early childhood development and universal pre-
primary education
● Gender equality and inclusion
○ Inclusivities
○ Those with learning disabilities must be
included and considered
● Universal Youth literacy
● Equal access to technical/ vocational and higher
education
○ As much as possible for free
● Education for sustainable development and global
citizenship
○ What we teach must be something useful,
not only for entertainment but something
that they can really use to address the needs
of the society
● Relevant skills for decent work
○ One of the issues that are confronting us
right now.
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Those are the outcomes that are expected so governments
should provide opportunities. To have all of this in their
particular countries, from primary to secondary education,
even pre primary then to primary and secondary education. The
government should try to provide all of this especially for the
developing countries.
MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION
- This is to get the outcomes necessary
● Effective learning environments
○ The schools, government, society, and the
different institutions that are supposed to
be providing education should be able to
understand what is an effective learning
environment that is needed right now
○ The pandemic has caused our description of
what a learning environment should be
■ Back then, it involved schools and
classrooms as well as other
structures that should be present
■ Now, we have to have structures
that are suited for online learning
■ When one becomes an educator,
he/she must determine what
environment is suitable for the
learners
■ Implement quality education by
providing effective learning
environments
● Scholarships
○ Providing equal access for all learners
○ Government must provide funding for
education so everyone can have the
opportunity to have a decent education
■ Find resources and sponsors who
are able to provide these
opportunities for everyone
● Teachers and Educators
○ Role of teachers and educators were
highlighted in SDG 4
■ Teachers play a very important role
in sustainable development
■ It is the teachers who will impart all
the knowledge to the students
since said students are the future
○ It is important for the teachers to know how
to provide this effective learning situations
for the students
○ Important for governments to try to develop
more teachers that are able to address the
needs of society
FOCUS ON THE OUTCOME “RELEVANT SKILLS FOR DECENT
WORK”
● What is the future of education?
○ Because of the many many changes that has
happened in the past
○ Even more so with the current changes we
are facing right now
● Education must develop in parallel with what is
happening in the world
○ Education should also change so the
education we will provide is effective for
learners
● EDUCATION 4.0
○ One of the issues that are confronting the
educational system all over the world, not
only in the Philippines
○ There is such a thing as Education 4.0
because there is also a thing known as
Industry 4.0
○ This is the development of society
Education 1.0 Lectures and memorization
Education 2.0 Internet enabled-learning
Education 3.0 Knowledge-producing education
Education 4.0 Innovative-producing education
Industry 1.0 Mechanization, steam power, weaving loom
Industry 2.0 Mass production, assembly line, electrical
energy
Industry 3.0 Automation, computers and electronics
Industry 4.0 Cyber Physical Systems, internet of things,
networks
WHAT HAS DRIVEN EDUCATION BEFORE?
➔ We are educating students for the world of work
● Industry 1.0
○ During first industrial revolution, the needs
of society was more on mechanization and
manual work
○ This later on improve to become mass
production and assembly line → Industry 2.0
● Industry 3.0
○ More on automation, computers, and
electronics
○ During this time, things that occurred in
industry 1.0 and 2.0, and 3.0 are still present
● Industry 4.0
○ Industry has already change, it does not
focus solely on computer, electronics,
automation, and mechanics
○ But it has leveled-up with the presence of:
■ Cyber Physical Systems
■ Internet of things
■ Networks
○ This resulted to changes in the world of work
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 Education 1.0 ● Teacher centered
● More of a teacher type of education
● More on lectures and usually done in
F2F setting

Education ● Learners have been recognized being

2.0 the receptacle of knowledge, the way
teaching being delivered has
changed
● This is because of the
industrialization, so people have to be
taught how to deal or use machines

Education ● We have to be able to address what

3.0 are the changes in the industry and
society
● Rise of the computers and internet,
which served as the beginning
Agricultural Economy 19th Century ● Social networking became a trend
● The is a need now to address the
Industrial Economy 19th Century problems of society
● Access global expertise
Knowledge Economy 20th Century ● Collaborative learning
● Teachers become as the facilitators
Innovation Society 21st Century ● Currently, we are still at this phase
but it is also necessary for us to level-
up already
Changing Where jobs that are available now ○ Focus
landscape of may be obsolete in the future but new
employment types of jobs will emerge to meet the
Education ● Learner centered education
trends demands of the IR 4.0
4.0 ● Learners are creators, connectors,
● Industry is looking different
and constructivist
way of developing or having
○ They have the ability to find
employment
connection
○ This is possible because of
Changing ● As members of the society
open connection
landscape of we should be aware of the
Additional note:
technologies changes in technologies
● Connectivism (psychology of
education) - the learning nowadays is
Changing in From digital immigrants to digital
addressed through the ability to
student’s attitude natives
connect with information, ability to
and behavior ● Not only the students but find information for the use of the
everyone as well learner
● The teacher is no longer the sole
Changing We may be confronted with vessel from which education comes.
landscape of unforeseen problem and issues in the Learners are active now, they are to
demands future make connection with the use of
➔ These changes that are happening should be internet
addressed through EDUCATION ● The learners become teachers, and
the educator is no longer a source of
◆ Education is the answer to all these problem
information. Rather they are resource
guide (mentor or facilitator of
learning)
● Thus requiring student to become
active participants in learning
● Education must be able to prepare
the students of the needs of the
current industry
● Delivery of instruction and education
is different now
● In Education 4.0, we must have a
purposeful approach to learning so
we are able to make up to the needs
of Industry 4.0

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 ■ We have to be able to assess what
● Transform the future of education
are the skills that have been
using the available advanced
developed by our students
technology
■ Through projects, return demos
● Data at the fingertips
○ As teachers, we should be able to analyze the
data from the assessment
○ “Did the student learn?”
○ If student didn’t learn, we have to give proper
feedback so they learn better
○ Major trends of education 4.0 is very
different from how we have been delivering
education for the longest time

● The six (6) factors of Education 4.0 seen on the

illustration above are the trends that show how
necessary of us to deliver the education 4.0
● As teachers we should be mentors who are able to
lead students towards learning and towards the
source of information but students must be actively
participating
○ Instructions that would be give should have
the major trends of education, auditory

● More Personalized learning

○ We have to be aware of the individuality of
the learners
○ Ex: there are different types of learners:
visual, kinesthetic,
○ As teachers, we have to get to know these
students and also realize the learning ability
& preferences of students are different from
each others
○ Being familiar with that particular
psychology then we can apply that to our
instruction
● More Remote Learning Opportunities
○ As teachers, make learning available
anytime
○ Ex: this pandemic, pushed the provision of
education, education 4.0 have already before
but was not emphasized but because of
online learning it was pushed through
○ We have to provide whatever learning
opportunities there are for our students
○ Importantly now we have to know the
different tools that are available.
○ The variety of teaching and learning
strategies and make it available to our
students
○ Teaching and learning strategies are more
flexible and applies to the different learning
styles
● Project-based learning
○ Wherein there is going to be less theoretical
approach but more on the practical and
experiential approach
● Easy and accurate assessment
○ The test should be less theoretical on
objective examination, or written or
answering just questions
○ Authentic assessment:
➔ Teacher is now no longer the sage on the stage, bearer
of all information
➔ Teach the students not just knowledge and skills, but
also the 21st century skills necessary for you, as
members of society, to address these needs
➔ CRITICAL THINKING
◆ As students, we need to think
◆ Ask questions, evaluate information
● Is it true or fake news?
◆ Learn how to reason out, identify patterns,
connections between events to see the
solution
➔ GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
◆ Be respectful of others
◆ Be actively involved in our communities
➔ GROWTH MINDSET
◆ Mindset: working through challenges, not
letting ourselves be affected by other
challenges
◆ Must be able to find a solution; must have
perseverance, tenacity, resiliency, self
advocacy → how to attain? We must be very
good communicators
➔ COMMUNICATION

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 ◆ As teachers, we must be able to stimulate
our students to know how to communicate
properly to everyone
➔ CREATIVITY
◆ As students we must harness our creativity
➔ COLLABORATION
◆ Collaborate with each other
◆ In this world, you cannot survive alone
➔ In delivering our lessons right now, we try to attain all
of these skills. This is how you should be thinking
when you become educators

● What we should be developing in our students

○ Complex problem solving
○ Critical thinking
○ Creativity
○ People management
○ Coordinating with others
○ Emotional intelligence
○ Judgment and decision making
○ Service orientation
■ We should be global citizens
■ Serve society
○ Negotiation
○ Cognitive flexibility
● Education has changed so you must be aware of this
because you are being affected as students and when
you become a teacher later on
● That is the importance of the sociology of education.
You should be able to think as learners in this
education 4.0 landscape. Do your part, as teachers do
their part. Teachers are also still learning.
● We are all learners in this society.
● We are doing objective assessments but we are
assessing if you learned something. We are
harnessing your creativity so you can share what you
learned - if you learned.
● Is it applicable? Try to find the connection of
philosophy and psychology to sociology. How will you
apply it to the current Education 4.0 cuz you are the
learners.

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