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Receiver AM Dan FM
Receiver AM Dan FM
Module VI
Prepared by
Sam Kollannore U.
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics
M.E.S. College, Marampally
Functions of a Receiver
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Receiver types
• Based on the way in which they demodulate
the received signal
1. TRF – Tuned Radio Frequency receiver
2. Super heterodyne receiver (widely used)
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Tuned Radio Frequency Receiver (TRF)
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2. Poor selectivity at high frequencies – because of single tuned
circuits – difficult to use several double tuned amplifiers in
unison
3. Bandwidth variation over the tuning range
4. Insufficient adjacent frequency rejection
- For a BW of 10KHz – At the lower end of the band: Q=f/BW =
535/10 = 53.5. At the other end of the band: Q = 1640/10 =
164. – not possible to achieve. Practical value of Q=120; Now
BW = 1640/120 = 13.7 KHz. ie. Receiver may pick up adjacent
stations
- At 36.5 MHz; Q = 36500/10 = 3650 – impossible
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Superheterodyne Receiver
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• Basic principle
– Mixing
– Intermediate frequency of 455 KHz
– Ganged tuning
• RF section
– Tuning circuits – reject interference and reduce noise figure
– Wide band RF amplifier
• Local Oscillator
– 995 KHz to 2105 KHz
– Tracking
• IF amplifier
– Very narrow band width Class A amplifier – selects 455 KHz only
– Provides much of the gain
– Double tuned circuits
• Detector
– RF is filtered to ground
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Advantages of having an RF amplifier
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Sensitivity
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Selectivity
• Ability to reject unwanted signals (adjacent channel
rejection)
• Expressed as a curve – showing the attenuation
offered by the receiver to the signals at frequencies
near to the tuned frequency
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• The input signal voltage must be increased until
the output is the same as the original one.
• Ratio of this voltage to the voltage when the
generator is tuned to the receiver frequency is
calculated at many points and plotted in decibels.
• Selectivity depends on
– Response of IF section
– Response of Mixer
– Response of amplifier input circuits
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Image Frequency and its rejection
• Usually fo = fs + fi or fs = fo – fi
• If a frequency fsi manages to reach the mixer such that fsi = fo + fi
i.e. fsi = fs + 2fi
fsi will also produce fi when mixed with fo
fsi is the Image frequency
fsi = fs + 2fi
Effect of receiving two stations simultaneously – undesirable
Image frequency rejection = ratio of gain at the signal
frequency to the gain at the image frequency.
1 Q2 2
where α = fsi/fs – fs/fsi; Q is the loaded Q of the tuned circuit
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Adjacent Channel Selectivity (Double spotting)
• Refer notes
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Separately excited mixer
• Commonly used at higher frequencies
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Self-excited mixer
• Used in domestic receivers
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IF Amplifier
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Simple Diode Detector
• Refer notes
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Practical Diode Detector
• Refer notes
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Automatic Gain Control
• Diode Detector with Delayed AGC – Refer
notes
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FM Receivers
• Refer notes
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RF stage - cascode amplifiers
• Refer notes
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Amplitude Limiters
• Need for Amplitude Limiting
Refer Notes
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Amplitude limiting
• Refer notes
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Amplitude Limiting
• Refer notes
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Stereo FM Multiplex Reception
• Refer notes
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