ENGLISH TASK

Name : Ester Melina Simanjuntak

NIM : 07021381823133

Major : Sociology

Class : 218

Lecturer : Ma’am Amelia

1. Simple Present
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + Verb 1(s/es) + Complement
❖ Negative: Subject + do / does + not + Objective
❖ Interrogative: Do / does + Subject + Objective + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: She likes pizza
❖ Negative: She doesn’t like pizza
❖ Interrogative: Does she like pizza?
• Use : To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or
unchanging situations, emotions and wishes.
2. Present Continous
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + be (am/are/is) + Verb-ing +
Complement
❖ Negative: Subject + to be + not + Verb-ing + Object
❖ Interrogative: To be + Subject + Verb-ing + Object + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: He is sleeping in the room
❖ Negative: He is not sleeping in the room
❖ Interrogative: Is He sleeping in the room?
 • Use : For things that are happening at the moment of speaking,
for other kinds of temporary situations, for temporary or new habits, for
habits that are not regular and for definite future arrangements.
3. Simple Past
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + To be (was/were) + Adjective/adverb
❖ Negative: Subject + Did not + Infinitive verb + Object
❖ Interrogative: Did + Subject + Infinitive verb + Object + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: I sent him a letter last month
❖ Negative: I didn’t sent him a letter last month
❖ Interrogative: Did you sent him a letter last month?
• Use : For actions that started and finished at a specific time
in the past, to describe several actions that were completed in the past,
to describe a process that started and finished in the past, in sentences
that describe past habits.
4. Past Continuous
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + be (was/were) + Present Participle (V-
ing) + Object
❖ Negative: Subject + be (was/were) + not + Present
Participle (V-ing) + Object
❖ Interrogative: be (was/were) + Subject + Present participle
(v-ing) + Object + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: She was having breakfast when the bus came
❖ Negative: She was not having breakfast when the bus came
❖ Interrogative: Was she having breakfast when the bus
came?
• Use : Stating an event or event that is happening at the end,
stating an event and action that has not been completed or has occurred,
 stating two events and actions that occur at the same time at the end, and
stating an event or occurrence of events that occur gradually.
5. Present Perfect
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3
❖ Negative: Subject + Have not / has not + Verb 3
❖ Interrogative: Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: You have loved
❖ Negative: You have not love
❖ Interrogative: Have you loved?
• Use : We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished
actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the
present, life experience, with an unfinished time word, a finished action
with a result in the present.
6. Present Perfect Continuous
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + have/has + been + Present
Participle (V1-ing)
❖ Negative: Subject + have/has + not + been + Present
Participle (V1-ing)
❖ Interrogative: Have/has + Subject + been + Present
Participle (V1-ing) + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: You have been staying here
❖ Negative: He has not been smoking for over three years
❖ Interrogative: Has he been smoking?
• Use : To say how long for unfinished actions which started in
the past and continue to the present, for temporary habits or situations,
actions which have recently stopped.
7. Past Perfect
• Formula :
 ❖ Positive: Subject + had + past participle (V-3)
❖ Negative: Subject + had + not + past participle (V-3)
❖ Interrogative: Had + Subject + past participle (V-3) + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: They had come
❖ Negative: They hadn’t come
❖ Interrogative: Had they come?
• Use : Describes a completed moment, indicates the intensity of
an event, used for reported speech, to make a wish.
8. Past Perfect Continuous
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + had + been + V1-ing/present participle
❖ Negative: Subject + had + not + been + V1-ing/present
participle
❖ Interrogative: Had + S + been + V1-ing/present participle
+?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: Caca had been walking
❖ Negative: Caca had not been walking
❖ Interrogative: Had Caca been walking?
• Use : To express a long action in the past before another action
occurred, to tell how long something happened (period of time) or until a
certain time in the past.
9. Future
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + Will/Shall + V1 + Object
❖ Negative: Subject + Will/Shall + not + V1 + Object
❖ Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: He will be right here for you
❖ Negative: He will not be right here for you
❖ Interrogative: Will he be right here for you?
 • Use : Expressing an event that will occur in the future, stating a
decision to do something without a plan, expressing an emotion or feeling,
predicting future events, expressing willingness and unwillingness,
inviting / inviting others, expressing promises, stating threats.
10. Future Perfect
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + Will + Have + V3
❖ Negative: Subject + Will + Not + Have + V3
❖ Interrogative: Will + Subject + Have + V3 + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: I will have left
grammar bener,
❖ Negative: I will not have left kalimat kureng
❖ Interrogative: Will I have left?
• Use : To express an event that will be completed or occur at a
certain time in the future and to express an event that will be completed
before another event occurs in the future.
11. Future Perfect Continuous
• Formula :
❖ Positive: Subject + will + have + been + verb -ing
❖ Negative: Subject + will + not + have + been + verb -ing
❖ Interrogative: Will + subject + have + been + verb -ing + ?
• Sentence :
❖ Positive: They will have been swimming
grammar bener,
kalimat kureng
❖ Negative: They will not have been swimming
❖ Interrogative: Will they have been swimming?
• Use : To express an event that will have taken place for a certain
duration in the future and to express an event that is currently unfinished,
but will be completed in the future.