also used as a source of energy (fuel).

Commonly used as a fuel is biomass, which has low

economic value or waste after the main product is depleted.

Biomass energy sources have several advantages. Among other things, renewable energy
sources are sustainable energy sources. In Indonesia, biomass is a very important natural resource with
various major products such as fibre, wood, oil, foodstuffs, and others. Biomass can be used for direct
energy sources or can be processed or converted into fuel. The biomass energy consumption
technology that has been developed consists of direct combustion and conversion of biomass into fuel.
The result of this biomass conversion can be biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel, or coal. Bioethanol and
biodiesel are expected to be used as oil substitute fuels in the long run. Biomass energy is a type of
fuel made by exchanging it with biological materials such as plants. Biomass energy is important
compared to renewable energy because the process of conversion into electricity has a cheaper
investment than other types of renewable energy sources. This is the advantage of biomass compared
to other energies. Absorption is still very simple; biomass is immediately burned and produces heat.
When biomass is burned, energy will be released. In these modern times, heat from combustion is
converted into electrical energy through turbines and generators. The heat from the combustion of
biomass will produce steam in the boiler. Steam will be transferred to the turbine so that it will
produce rotation and drive the generator. The rotation of the turbine is converted into electrical energy
through magnets in the generator. Direct combustion of biomass has drawbacks so that in current
applications, some technologies are beginning to increase the benefits of biomass as a fuel [13].

Gasification is a process that uses heat to convert solid biomass or other carbonate solids into
synthetic gases, such as flammable natural gas. Through the process of gasification, all solid organic
matter can become a clean and neutral fuel gas. The gas produced can be used for electricity
generation as well as for heating. To perform gasification, a reactor is required. Reactors are where the
process of gasification takes place and are known as glaciers. A large amount of biomass is wood. In
addition, gasification can use raw materials from plantation waste. The gasification process is a
gradual combustion process. This process is done by burning solids such as wood and coal that have
been known for centuries. The process of gasification can be said to be a chemical reaction at high
temperatures between biomass and air. Gasification consists of several separate stages as follows [14]:

1. Drying Stage

The water content of a solid fuel is evaporated by the heat absorbed from the oxidation
process. Biomass is dried at a temperature of 100°C.

2. Pyrolysis Stage

When the temperature reaches 250°C, the biomass undergoes a process of pyrolysis, which is
the fraction of large molecules into small molecules due to the influence of very high temperatures.
Separation of volatile materials (water vapour, organic liquids, and non-condensing gases) from coal
or solid carbon fuels also uses heat absorbed from the oxidation process.
 3. Oxidation Stage

Combustion oxidizes the carbon and hydrogen contents of the fuel by an exothermic reaction,
whereas gasification reduces the combustion products to gas by an endothermic reaction. Oxidation or
combustion of coal is the most important reaction that occurs in a gasifier. The reaction products are
CO2 and H2O, which are respectively reduced, upon contact with the coal produced during pyrolysis.

4. Level of Reduction

The reduction stage involves a series of endothermic reactions supported by heat generated
from the combustion reaction. At temperatures above 600°C, coal reacts with water vapour and carbon
dioxide to produce H2, CO, and CH4.

2.0 PROPOSE LOCATION

Chuping is a small town in Malaysia's northern peninsula, not far from Kangar, the state
capital of Perlis. Because it is so close to Thailand's border, there is a lot of Thai influence in the area.
Chuping is known for its endless plantations, which include over 22,000 hectares of rubber estate and
Malaysia's largest sugarcane plantation. Chuping, a small town in Perlis, has its own distinct
personality. It overlooks edgeless sugarcane crops that span over 22,000 hectares of land, making it
Malaysia's largest sugarcane plantation. The Chuping Sugar Cane Plantation is located on Bukit
Chuping’s foot hill, and was established in 1971 as a joint venture of three organizations, namely the
Felda Plantation Sdn Bhd, PPB Group Berhad and Syarikat Kilang Gula Felda Perlis.

The sugarcane plant produces 5,500 metric tonnes of sugarcane per day during harvest season
and is open to the public for tours and to learn more about sugarcane growing and manufacturing.
Many schools in Perlis organise field trips to teach young children about sugarcane management. The
climate in Kuala Perlis is hot, oppressive, and overcast. Over the course of the year, the temperature
typically varies from 75°F to 93°F and is rarely below 72°F or above 96°F.

Figure 2: The Climate Summary at Kuala Perlis

 Figure 3: Daily Chance of Precipitation

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The
chance of wet days in Kuala Perlis varies very significantly throughout the year. The wetter season
lasts 8.3 months, from April 10 to December 18, with a greater than 41% chance of a given day being
a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 71% on October 24. The drier season lasts 3.7 months,
from December 18 to April 10. The smallest chance of a wet day is 11% on January 25. Among wet
days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two.
Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone,
with a peak probability of 71% on October 24.

Figure 4: Average High and Low Temperature

The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to
90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.