Genre-Based Approach ( GBA)

Genre-Based Approach is used to aid students in organizational skills and it needs to

be combined with practical activity Based Approach . Genre-based approaches emphasize
that this higher order must be attended to for effective language use: "all texts conform to
certain conventions, and that if a student is to be successful in joining a particular
English-language discourse community, the student will need to be able to produce texts
which fulfill the expectations of its readers in regards to grammar, organization, and
context. Genre-based approach (GBA) recently has been adapted by the newest
Indonesian curriculum as the so called Competence Based Curriculum or 2004
Curriculum.

(painter:1986) The approach is based on Teaching-learning cycle which involves

three strategies :

1. Modeling a text
2. Joint construction of a text
3. Independent construction of a text
Gb.Learning Cycle
 1. Stage 1 :Building Knowladge
The significance of this stage is based on the held-on beliefthat learners have
already had particular knowledge gained from experience and previous
learning.
2. Stage 2 : Modelling textb
In this stage , the teacher shows “model” of the text to student in order to be
imitated or used as the basis for a related idea, process or system.
3. Stage 3 : Joint Construction of the Text is to work together for the teacher and
students to construct the text which the text which the teacher and students can
share their ideas, by all mean discussion ,negotiation,and communication.
4. Stage 4 : Independent Construction of the Text
The student must be able to generate the text by himself with assistance
neither from the teacher not from his friends .

The classroom implementation of GBA seems to adopt the two mainstream ,

the product and the process approach is a model text is analyzed on the basis is
followed by guided writing in a joint construction stage and free-writing stage .

Kinds of Genre Based Approach

 Procedure Text
 Narrative Text
 Descriptive Text
 Recount Text
 Anecdote
 Report
Contextual Teacing and Learning
CTL

Definition of CTL a concept of teaching and learning that relates subject matter content to the
situation and the application is real .The principles of CTL :

1. Principles of interdependence
2. Principles of Self-regulation
3. Principles of differentiation
Components of CTL :

1. Construcvism
2. Inquiry
3. Questioning
4. Learning community
5. Modelling
6. Reflection
7. Authentic material

Characteristic of CTL :

1. Making meaningful connection

2. Doing significant work
3. Self-regulated learning
4. Collaborating
5. Critical and creative thinking
6. Reaching high standart
7. Using authentic assessment

Strategy of CTL :

R E A C T
Relating Experiancing Applying Cooperating Transferring

Benefit of CTL :

 Motivate the student to take a charge

 Makes the process of learning more meaningful
 Strengthens students’ memory
Station Rotation

Station Rotation is a model implementation in which whitin a given course or subject.

Students rotate on a fixed schedule or at the teacher direction among classroom based
learning modalities . The rotation includes at least one station for online learning. Other
stations might include activities such as small-group or full-class instructions,group
project,individual tutoring,and pencil paper assignment.
 Station Rotation Model

1. .Teacher station : Direct instruction,Facilitate discussion,Oral assessment

2. Collaborative learning : Group work with roles, Hands-on activities ,Markerspace
station,Projects ,Games .
3. Computer based interaction : Individualized assignment,adaptable
software,Research,Digital presentation,interactive activities ,simulations.

Advantages for teacher :

 Allows the teacher to spend more time with student who need extra help.
 Allows for flexibility ingrouping and instructional practice .

Advantages for Students :

 Allows more one –on-one time with teacher

 Allows students to be more creative by using different technology application

Disadvantages

 Faiking technology
 Distractions
 Elevated noise level
 Discovery Learning

Discovery learning is a teaching strategy in which student are given a problemsituation, for
which they find an answer by making an hypothesis, testing the hypothesis,recording and
analysis their result , and coming up with a conclusion( the main point of the lesson).

Advantages :

 Enjoy discovering the answer to the question or problem they are given.
 Generally engage throughout the lesson
 Feel a sense of control over their own learning

Disadvantages :

 Involved a lot of preparation to result in real learning

 This strategy would not work in situation where direct instruction is needed .

How can discovery be integrated in the classroom ?

Discovery learning lesson can take on different depending on the level of the students .In
an elementary classroom students are given a purpose question and must come up with
their own hypothesis ,then test their prediction though an experiment set up by the teacher
.In upper elementary and secondary classrooms ,can be an opportunity to research a
subject of interest,studnt can use technology to do research and to prepare and preparation
.

Problem Based Learning ( PBL )