World Literature University Module

Travel the World through Flipping the Pages:
A Module for World Literature

Written by:
Shiela Marie S. Ranque, D.A.
Weena Mae G. Ampo, PhD
Mirasol D. Gaoiran, MAELT
Alberto Labrador Jr., Ph.D.
Melodina A. Sendrijas,PhD
Ivy Jane Asilo,PhD
Reviewed by:
Maria Corazon Tatad, PhD
Mrs. Darlene Angelica A. Loquias
Dear Students,
This module guides you to understand the content of our course. For a week, you are going to work for one module. In a week, you have three hours for our course
since this has 3 units. One hour will be spent reading the story, another one hour for your enhancement activities such watching videos and reading some notes and
one hour to do the outputs for a module.
Before we orient you on our module, we will tell you what our course subject, Literatures of the World is about. This course will enlighten you about the different
literatures of the world. It introduces different methods and approaches as effective pedagogic tools for literature instruction. It also helps you acquire indispensable
communicative competencies as well as good teaching traits, morals, and standards to promote fairness, respect and care to encourage learning. Furthermore, it
involves interpretation, appreciation and evaluation of the literary pieces in all its social and cultural contexts to better understand knowledge of learning environments.
Reading pieces of literature will bring you different places across the globe and let you experience their culture. To give you more overview about this course subject,
please see the learning guide or course syllabus attached.
Our module is entitled Flip the Pages to Travel: A Module for World Literature. It has seven parts namely Let’s start, Meet the Author, Catch the Word, Fuel the Thrill,
Untwist the Loop, Speak your mind and Extend your horizon which will make you read and analyze stories, meet characters and even people, answer and enjoy
activities and of course travel without spending money and experiencing risk and discomfort. The first part, Let’s begin, gives the objectives of the module for the
week. It will guide you what outcomes you are going to achieve at the end of the lesson. Meet the Author and tell about the author’s background which may help you
understand the story better. Catch the Word is an activity which checks your vocabulary skills and will help you familiarize difficult words you can encounter in reading
the story. Fuel the Thrill gives you hints about what the story is about. It gives you the synopsis of the story which prepares you for the reading experience you are
about to enjoy. Untwist the Loop are a series of questions you are going to answer. This tests whether you understand what you have read or watched. Please
answer them as briefly as possible. Speak your mind is the activity proper where you are expected to give an ORIGINAL output for the week. If you are told to write
an essay, short story, slogan, and other literary pieces, please do not commit plagiarism because your work will be subjected to a plagiarism check. If your work is
90% plagiarized, it will be rated 5. Do not copy and paste the work of others. Express yourself in your own words. Be creative and showcase your original work. Your
essay must only have 150 content words but for other literary pieces, you are the one to decide how long or short it would be. Your style and creativity will always be
respected. If you are told to make handicrafts, be sure to document it through a video. Your video must bear how you make it and the information about your output.
Be an aspiring vlogger this time. You can use whatever video-editing application you have. For commentaries, you can use audio but if it is a video commentary, of
course it must be a video. If you are told to make a poster or comic strips or the like, please download a free digital scanner and scan your outputs. Scanning will make
you have a PDF copy of your work. As to what language to use, I am giving you the prerogative to choose what language to use. This subject is literature, so we
celebrate the beauty and nuances of the languages we are comfortable to express yourselves. You are to converse in English, and Filipino either Tagalog or Bisaya.
Extending your horizon is the part where you are given the chance to explore more on the topic discussed. It acts as an enhancement activity for you to learn more.
This would also help you a lot in making your project at the end of each term. This is composed of readings, videos and other enhancement activities in which you
have the choice whether you are going to watch it the moment you work on the module or later when you do your project; you have the prerogative to decide when.
In this module, you are expected to be independent but if you wish to hear more explanation about the story, do not worry. I will provide videos for the discussion to
make you understand the story better.
Our module is for your use only. This is for free. You are not permitted to reproduce this for the sake of others or for commercial purposes. You are not allowed to
show any part of the module to anyone. You are already in the tertiary level; you must be responsible with your own learning.
You are not allowed to make any part of the module as memes or whatever social media interests if there are errors or anything you find interesting to post. Being the
user of this module does not make you the owner of this module.
To improve this module, please communicate your suggestions and recommendations through the survey forms which will be given to you when the semester ends.
This time, you are expected to learn at your own pace. Be responsible with your time-management. Extract all the patience and be wiser finding alternatives. Be
accountable with your complaints and direct your concerns to your teacher. Let us be open-minded and hardworking to make everything work. We, your teachers will
be available to help you. Without your cooperation, we cannot make things possible. We are more than any trials we have been through. We can sail, fly and soar
even in times of greater troubles. Learn, grow up and have fun!
Your instructors
CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE, ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND CLASSIFICATION

Let’s begin
At the end of the lessons, the students are expected to:
A. define literature meaningfully;
B. determine the classifications of literature; and
C. Analyze how literature becomes significant in life.
Let’s ponder
How often do you listen to music? How about watching telenovelas or movies? Do you update yourself with the lifestyles and activities of your favorite celebrities or
artists by reading articles on social media or magazines? If you do, you are indulging yourself in literature.
Let’s discuss
Literature accounts human significant experiences which include their culture, belief system, language, identity, feelings, aspirations, perspectives and even the
topography of their respective places (Datu et.al 2017). Through it, humans have expressed and communicated themselves across races, ideology, generations and
time making literature timeless, cultural, political, universal and more. For as long as human civilization exists, literature thrives because it is an account of human
existence. It is not only for entertainment like how people use to define it. It is even used to educate, inform, influence and heal. It is even used to sharpen our minds
and teach us to weigh our judgments. It not only makes us critical thinkers but also cultivates our sense of empathy. It not only moulds our sense of creativity but
builds a humane community and extends our horizon because our imagination is always limitless.
People also think literature is boring because they think it is only read. The films you are watching, the music you are listening, the confessions or articles you are
scroll in Facebook, Instagram and other social media sites and the oral lore or the folklores about duwende, wakwak, engkanto and other mythical creatures that your
elders are telling to fascinate you are actually manifestations of literature. As technology advances, access to literature has become more convenient which means
having a grasp on literature does not only mean flipping through pages but also means browsing through pages. The meaning of the term, pages may have evolved
but literature has not changed. It stays what it is in defining who people are and how their community looks like.
It comes in two types namely fiction which tells stories based on realistic events or human imagination and non-fiction, which narrates real events and happenings.
Literature can also come in two genres: prose and poetry. When we say prose, the way of unfolding the story is in the form of sentences and paragraphs. Meanwhile,
when we say, it is composed of lines and verses and meanings of the story is conveyed through figurative languages. The examples of prose-fictions are short story,
and novels while prose non-fictions are journals, biographies, diaries, essays and news articles. Talking about poetry, it comes in three kinds. We have lyrics, a poem
intended to be sung, narrative, a poem that tells a story and dramatic, a poem opted to be staged.
Literature is as old as the world which houses people who are unique in various ways. Humans have captivated themselves with literature before learning how to
decode symbols into writing. (Tabotabo 2010). Through literature, people learn to celebrate diversity and have found out that no matter how diverse people are, we
meet an avenue of universality, the tendency of being human. No matter who we are, and where we are from, we share some similar tendencies. We rejoice in the
celebration of victory. We mourn for death. We cling to our hopes when we dream. We rise up when we fall. We get hurt when injured. We get angry when triggered.
We always react to any stimuli and most likely show similar reactions although we differ in the way we communicate them. Literature can be a language that everyone
speaks and feels. For us to understand what it takes to be human, let us discover the gems of the world through unfolding the mysteries of the world through exploring
the literature of the world. Let us travel around the world and discover the culture and tales of Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, Atlantica, Australia and the Pacific
through literature.
Speak your mind
Recall a favorite story you have heard, read or watched. Summarize it by writing a slogan of your own.
Extend your horizon
Watch the video through this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvkRT0_Un_4
and discover how literature can change your life.
CHAPTER II
FOLKTALES
Literature of india
The Magic Bed
Let’s begin
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. acquaint new vocabulary;
b. review the significant facts and places of India;
c. conduct a comprehensive reading on India’s folktale “The Magic Bed”; and
d. write a reader-response analysis on India’s folktale “The Magic Bed.”
Catch the Word

Directions: Match the words in column A with their corresponding meanings in column B. Write the letters of your choice before the words in column A.
A B
____1. sundown a.) thin transparent fabric
____2. grumble b.) a person asking for gifts
____3. beggar c.) proclamation having the force of law
____4. edict d.) nightfall
____5. gauze e.) to put one’s debt in favor of service
f.) to mutter in discontent
Fuel the Thrill
A simple act of kindness can gain great rewards. When was the last time you helped someone? Did you expect something in return? This lesson presents India's
famous folktale “The Magic Bed” which is part of the Jataka collection of folktales. Read India’s folktale “The Magic Bed” through this link.
Untwist the Loop
https://www.worldoftales.com/Asian_folktales/Indian_folktale_73.html#gsc.tab=0
Directions: Read and answer the questions briefly.
I. Summarize the story using this diagram.
Setting
Main Characters
Summary
Conflict
Theme
Point-of-view
II: Guide Questions for Discussion.

1. Describe the prince in the story?
2. Why do the animals (ant and tiger) like the prince?
3. What did the prince give to the ant king?
4. How did the prince help the tiger?
5. What did the ant say to the prince?
6. To whom did the prince ask for help to reach Princess Lalun? What is his intention in searching for the princess?
7. What is the significance of the old woman in the story? What did the prince give to her in return for her kindness?
8. Who helps the prince in his challenge to get the blessing of the Lulan's father? Were they successful?
9. If you were the prince, would you also be kind to animals?
10. Do you agree that the prince had positive karma; "as he has shown goodness to others, positive things come in return."
11. Have you experienced in your life that you helped someone and in return they helped you back?
12. What kind of animal is King ant? How about the tiger?
13. What will you do if the one you offered help refused to help you in times of challenges?
14. Will you also take challenges to win the heart of the person you love?
15. In taking challenges for marriage, do you think this situation is still applicable today?
Let’s Dig Deeper
India is the world's second-most populous nation (after China) and the seventh-largest in area, is located in South Asia on the Indian subcontinent. India and Bharat
are both official names. The early settlers called their land "Bharat Varsha" or " Bharat," and during medieval times, it was known as "Hind". The name India, which
derived from the Indus River and was used by the ancient Greeks and Persians, came into usage during the colonial period.
Indian culture is of great antiquity. The earliest Indian civilization grew up in the Indus valley from 4000 to 2500 B.C. beginning about 1500 BC, Aryan invaders entered
India from the northwest and intermingled with the local Dravidian population. The foundations of Indian society, including Hinduism and the caste system, were
th
established from these two groups. Buddhism and Jainism also began in ancient India. The culture was subject to strong Islamic influences beginning in the 11
century and continuing under the Mogul Empire (established 1526). When it comes to Indian folk tales, the country of diverse religions, languages and cultures has a
complete range of tales and short stories. Indian folklore has a wide range of stories and mythological legends, which emerge from all walks of life.
As to the story “The Magic Bed” is a story that shows the value of kindness or reward of doing good to others. Generally, the story talks about the journey of a prince
who aims to marry a princess from a distant kingdom. Before his journey began, he met several characters who are finding struggles in their situation. The Ant-king is
challenged to find food, the tiger is trapped, and the poor woman has no food to serve. Later on these characters became his friends. In his search for the princess,
the prince encountered challenges and the most difficult were the tests of Afzal , the father of Lulan (the princess.) In facing these challenges he asks his friends to
help him and in return for his kindness to them, they helped him and won the hand of the princess for marriage.
Speak your mind
Write a reader-response analysis focusing on the theme of the story which is “there is a great reward for those who do good to others.” You may also focus on other
elements of the story to establish your point of analysis.
Extend your horizon
Explore more of India’s literature by reading tales though the given link below. Read the story and discuss the values that you think are significant to teach young
people today. Open the link below to read the tales.
Literature of West Africa
https://www.worldoftales.com/folktales.html#gsc.tab=0 Anansi Goes Fishing
Let’s begin
A. Summarize the text understudied considering its important elements;
B. Learn new vocabulary;
C. Discuss the morals of the folktale;
D. Enrich one’s background about the country where the literature originated.
Catch the Word
Directions: Read the sentences below which bear the words that may be unfamiliar to you. Using context clues, give the meaning of the underlined word.
Fuel the Thrill
To survive, one has to be wise but not being sly. Find out how Anansi has learned a lesson when he attempted to take advantage of someone while pretending to help
him. Listen to the story through this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhu7JIMZ-uE&t=47s
Untwist the Loop
1. Summarize the story using this diagram.
Setting
Main Characters
Summary
Conflict
Theme
2. How does Anansi play a trick? Why do you think he does that?
3. In what way can you say that Anansi is arrogant?
4. How does Anansi become a victim of his own trick?
5. Do you think Anansi learned his lesson the hard way? Justify your answer.
6. How does folklore reflect African society?
7. If you are to judge, does Turtle justify his means of teaching Anansi a lesson?
8. If you were Turtle, what would you do to teach Anansi about being fair and honest?
Let’s Dig Deeper
Folktales has various functions in building a community. In African society, folktales educate people about values and its inculcation. Through it, the community can
mold the character of the children for them to learn the importance of being united, honest, dignified and brave. In fact, it provides enlightenment about their social
norms, values and other important aspects of their culture which are significant in their cause toward positive change. (Sone, 2018)
In featuring human tendencies, African folktales feature nature which includes their jungle, savannah, animals and among others. They provide a reflection of how
people deal with challenges and prosperity embedded in the geography and topography of the continent. One of the famous characters of African folktale is Anansi,
the trickster whose stories in different versions triggers readers to laugh, teaches to be wise, learns, warns oneself from one’s own dumbness and reminds to watch
over the ricochet of one’s trickery.
In this way, African folktales, like other folktales, tell about how common people interact and live in their respective societies. It accounts the history which does not
mark a word in textbooks but only lives through the power of its orality.
Speak your mind
Recall an experience you have when you aim to take advantage of someone and you had a taste of your own medicine instead. Record your narration through audio.
Extend your horizon
Learn more about the features of Africa folklore by clicking this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7eiI99nth4
The Literature of Australia and The Pacific

The Galah, and Oolah the Lizard
Let’s begin
A. Explain the conflict of the story;
B. Give the moral lesson of the story;
C. Expound the cause of Gala’s bald patch and lizard’s coloured reddish brown covered with spikes like bindi prickles.
Catch the Word
Directions: Below are sentences with underlined words taken from the folktale. Circle the letter of the word synonymous to the underlined word.
1. He took his boomerangs out, and began to practise throwing them.
a. angular club c. kite
b. sharp knife d. arrow
2. The Galah set up a hideous, cawing, croaking shriek, and flew about, stopping every few minutes to knock her head on the ground like a mad bird.
a. hum c. sharp sound
b. loud laugh d. echo
3. When she reached the bindesh bush she rushed at Oolah, seized him with her beak, and rolled him on the bush until every binder had made a hole in his
skin.
a. carry c. throw
b. bite d. grab
4. He hissed with pain from the tingling of the prickles.
a. A deep burn c. a deep breath
b. A fine sharp process or projection d. a stain of blood
5. Underneath the Galah's crest you can always find the bald patch.
a. below c. within
b. top d. side
Fuel the Thrill
Australian Aboriginal myths have been passed down through the centuries by tribal storytellers, extending deep into the caverns of humanity's oldest memories,
beyond 60,000 years of history and into the Dreamtime. K. Langloh Parker, one of the first Europeans to recognize the myths' meaning and theological maturity,
collected them around the turn of the century. Parker gained special access to Aboriginal people and tales that had previously eluded anthropologists after being
saved from drowning by Aboriginal friends when she was a teenager. Women speak of their own initiations and rituals, humanity's history and fate, and societal
behavioral codes in the novels. Stories about child-rearing activities, young love in adversity, the risks of invoking supernatural forces, the value of social sharing, the
involvement of women in male disputes, the dark feminine, and the transformative power of language are among the topics covered. "Wise Women of the Dreamtime"
invites us to take part in some of the world's oldest stories and to begin a new dream of human society and nature coexisting in harmony (OCLC, 2021).
One of the most popular Australian folk tales is The Galah, and Oolah the Lizard. To read the full story, visit or clink the link,
https://www.worldoftales.com/Australian_folktales/Australian_folktale_2.html#gsc.tab=0
Untwist the Loop
1. What was used by Oolah in playing?
2. Who came while Oolah was playing?
3. What is the uniqueness of Oolah’s boomerang among others?
4. What did Oolah do upon seeing that somebody was watching him?
5. What was the result of Oolah’s exhibition?
6. Why did Oolah hide in the bush?
7. How did the story end?
8. What is the conflict of the story?
9. What moral lesson is being shown in the folktale?
Let’s Dig Deeper
Folklore in Australia dates back tens of thousands of years. Because it is used to preserve their laws, beliefs, and knowledge of plants, animals, and the land,
Australian First Peoples' folklore was and continues to be the cornerstone of their culture and identity. The majority of Australian folk stories include indigenous and
scary animals. Many of the folk tales, on the other hand, are non-indigenous and represent the spread of European colonies across Australia, including tales of gold
miners and drovers, or cattle herders. The folk stories portray tough and self-reliant people who face any problem front on and are not hesitant to challenge and resist
authority.
Speak your mind
Write a slogan reflecting the moral of the story.
Extend your horizon
To explore more about Australian and the Pacific literature, watch the videos in the given link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dx12AMWRi8I
Literature of Scotland
The Daughter of the Skies
J.F. Campbell
“Keep calm, and carry on-everything will be okay.”
-Scottish quote-
Let’s begin

A. Identify the elements of the folktale introduced;
B. Create a story map of Scottish folklore The Daughter of the Skies;
C. Acknowledge the importance of having a complete family.
Meet the Author
John Francis Campbell, also known as Young John, was born in Islay on December 29, 1981 to Lady Eleanor Charteris and Walter Frederick Campbell. He studied
at Eton and the University of Edinburgh. He was appointed private secretary to the Lord Privy Seal in 1853 and assistant secretary to the General Board of Health in
1854. J.F. Campbell is a renowned Scottish author and scholar who specialized Celtic studies. He gained world popularity through his works in Celtic folklore and
Gaelic people in particular. His most known published work is the bilingual Popular Tales of the West Highlands, one of which is The Daughter of the Skies. He
travelled mostly throughout the Scottish Highlands and Islands together with his scribes to record West Highland tales, ballads, songs, charms, and anecdotes. He
died in 1885 but his works The Celtic Dragon Myth was published posthumously in 1911. Some of his works were edited and translated by a Gaelic scholar George
Henderson, eventually put into publication in 1911.
Fuel the Thrill
“The Daughter of the Skies” is a Scottish folklore collection by John Francis Campbell describing a man who had a daughter and owned many cattle and sheep, but
one day they vanished and he could not find them. A dog offered to find them if a daughter married him, so the father agreed if the daughter consented. He asked
each of his daughters, and the youngest agreed. But it was only the beginning of her nightmare. Read the story till the end to find out what happen to her further
through this link https://www.electricscotland.com/books/wh12.htm
Untwist the Loop
A. Directions: Identify the elements of the folktale The Daughter of the Skies using the table format provided below.
Title
Setting
Characters
Plot
Conflict
Theme
Point-of-view
B. Create a story map of the folktale that you have read, The Daughter of the Skies. You can choose your format.
Let’s Dig Deeper
The folktale, The Daughter of the Skies, is a combination of the folkloric elements, history, culture, and beliefs of the Celtic or the Gaelic people who created this
literary fiction.
Scottish folklore involves fairies and other natural divinities which they believe are living together with human beings. In the beginning of the story, a dog speaks to the
father as if it was a human asking for the hands of his daughters. If you try to analyze the story, why did the father agree to the marriage with a dog? But since the
youngest daughter agreed to marry the dog in the story, he brought her home and turned into a fine man. The dog is somewhat a mythical creature which maybe the
father knew so that he agreed on the condition.
Scottish culture is also evident in the story, where the people strongly believe in fairies and other divine creatures which may help them to have a better life. The father
agreed to give his youngest daughter to the man he does not know just to have the many cattle and sheep back, which is believed to be the main source of living in
the country.
Despite the many challenges, family is still very important in the life of the tribes. The youngest daughter even though she was married, she still wanted to go back and
visit her father every time she got pregnant. Music plays an important role in the tale. Every time the music plays, everyone gets to sleep and husband snatched the
babies and she will go back to her husband eventually. For the third time, her husband warned her that this time would not be as easy as the first and second. Her
magical horse did not come to fetch. But still she was persistent to go home on foot only to find out that her husband was to marry the daughter of the skies. The wife
did everything to win her husband back with the help of the druids. Truly, family is very significant in the life of the Celtic tribes.
Speak your mind
Write an essay showing the importance of family in society. Cite a situation that shows the significance of having a complete family.
Extend your horizon
To learn more about the Celtic cultures and Scottish literature, click the links below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx95ujIVaO0
https://fairytalez.com/region/scottish/
Literature of Canada
The Boy Who Was Called Thick-Head
Let’s begin
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Describe the characters’ attitude in the literary text;
2. Value the moral lesson by reflecting to the real life scenarios;
3. Identify the important part of the tale by making storyboards.
Catch the Word
Provide the meaning of the terms below and use the words in a sentence.
1. Simpleton
2. Scullion
3. Beaver
4. Gobbled
5. Perplexed
Fuel the Thrill
The Boy who was Called Thick-head
Canadian folktale
Three brothers lived with their old Indian mother in the forest near the sea. Their father had long been dead. At his death he had little of the world's goods to his credit
and his widow and her sons were very poor. In the place where they dwelt, game was not plentiful, and to get food enough to keep them from wanting they had to
often go far into the forest. The youngest boy was smaller and weaker than the others, and when the two older sons went far away to hunt, they always left him
behind, for although he always wished to accompany them they would never allow him to go. He had to do all the work about the house, and all day long he gathered
wood in the forest and carried water from the stream. And even when his brothers went out in the spring-time to draw sap from the maple trees he was never
permitted to go with them. He was always making mistakes and doing foolish things. His brothers called him Thick-head, and all the people round about said he was a
simpleton because of his slow and queer ways. His mother alone was kind to him and she always said, "They may laugh at you and call you a fool, but you will prove
to be wiser than all of them yet, for so it was told to me by a forest fairy at your birth."
The Chief of the people had a beautiful daughter who had many suitors. But her father spurned them all from his door and said, "My daughter is not yet of age to
marry; and when her time of marriage comes, she will only marry the man who can make great profit from hunting." The two older sons of the old woman decided that
one of them must win the girl. So they prepared to set out on a great hunting expedition far away in the northern forest, for it was now autumn, and the hunter's moon
had come. The youngest boy wanted to go with them, for he had never been away from home and he wished to see the world. And his mother said he might go. His
brothers were very angry when they heard his request, and they said, "Much good Thick-head can do us in the chase. He will only bring us bad luck. He is not a
hunter but a scullion and a drudge fit only for the fireside." But his mother commanded them to grant the boy's wish and they had to obey. So the three brothers set out
for the north country, the two older brothers gurgling loudly because they were accompanied by the boy they thought was a fool.
The two older brothers had good success in the chase and they killed many animals—deer and rabbits and otters and beavers. And they came home bearing a great
quantity of dried meat and skins. They each thought, "Now we have begun to prove our prowess to the Chief, and if we succeed as well next year when the hunter's
moon comes again, one of us will surely win his daughter when she is old enough to marry." But all the youngest boy brought home as a result of his journey into the
game country was a large Earth-Worm as thick as his finger and as long as his arm. It was the biggest Earth-Worm he had ever seen. He thought it a great curiosity
as well as a great discovery, and he was so busy watching it each day that he had no time to hunt. When he brought it home in a box, his brothers said to their mother,
"What did we tell you about Thick-head? He has now surely proved himself a fool. He has caught only a fat Earth-Worm in all these weeks." And they noised it abroad
in the village and all the people laughed loudly at the simpleton, until "Thick-head's hunt" became a by-word in all the land. But the boy's mother only smiled and said,
"He will surprise them all yet."
The boy kept the Earth-Worm in a tiny pen just outside the door of his home. One day a large Duck came waddling along, and sticking her bill over the little fence of
the pen she quickly gobbled up the Worm. The boy was very angry and he went to the man who owned the Duck, and said, "Your Duck ate up my pet Worm. I want
my Worm." The man offered to pay him whatever price he asked, but the boy said, "I do not want your price. I want my Worm." But the man said, "How can I give you
your Worm when my Duck has eaten it up? It is gone forever." And the boy said, "It is not gone. It is in the Duck's belly. So I must have the Duck." Then to avoid
further trouble the man gave Thick-head the Duck, for he thought to himself, "What is the use of arguing with a fool."
The boy took the Duck home and kept it in a little pen near his home with a low fence around it. And he tied a great weight to its foot so that it could not fly away. He
was quite happy again, for he thought, "Now I have both my Worm and the Duck." But one day a Fox came prowling along looking for food. He saw the fat Duck tied
by the foot in the little pen. And he said, "What good fortune! There is a choice meal for me," and in a twinkling he was over the fence. The Duck quacked and made a
great noise, but she was soon silenced. The Fox had just finished eating up the Duck when the boy, who had heard the quacking, came running out of the house. The
Fox was smacking his lips after his good meal, and he was too slow in getting away. The boy fell to beating him with a stout club and soon killed him and threw his
body into the yard behind the house. And he thought, "That is not so bad. Now I have my Worm and the Duck and the Fox."
That night an old Wolf came through the forest in search of food. He was very hungry, and in the bright moonlight he saw the dead Fox lying in the yard. He pounced
upon it greedily and devoured it until not a trace of it was left. But the boy saw him before he could get away, and he came stealthily upon him and killed him with a
blow of his axe. "I am surely in good luck," he thought, "for now I have the Worm and the Duck and the Fox and the Wolf." But the next day when he told his brothers
of his good fortune and his great skill, they laughed at him loudly and said, "Much good a dead Wolf will do you. Before two days have passed it will be but an evil-
smelling thing and we shall have to bury it deep. You are indeed a great fool." The boy pondered for a long time over what they had said, and he thought, "Perhaps
they are right. The dead Wolf cannot last long. I will save the skin."
So he skinned the Wolf and dried the skin and made a drum from it. The drum was one of the few musical instruments of the Indians in those old times, and they beat
it loudly at all their dances and festivals. The boy beat the drum each evening, and made a great noise, and he was very proud because he had the only drum in the
whole village. One day the Chief sent for him and said to him, "I want to borrow your drum for this evening. I am having a great gathering to announce to all the land
that my daughter is now of age to marry and that suitors may now seek her hand in marriage. But we have no musical instruments and I want your drum, and I myself
will beat it at the dance." So Thick-head brought his drum to the Chief's house, but he was not very well pleased, because he was not invited to the feast, while his
brothers were among the favoured guests. And he said to the Chief, "Be very careful. Do not tear the skin of my drum, for I can never get another like it. My Worm and
my Duck and my Fox and my Wolf have all helped to make it."
The next day he went for his drum. But the Chief had struck it too hard and had split it open so that it would now make no sound and it was ruined beyond repair. He
offered to pay the boy a great price for it, but the boy said, "I do not want your price. I want my drum. Give me back my drum, for my Worm and the Duck and the Fox
and the Wolf are all in it." The Chief said, "How can I give you back your drum when it is broken? It is gone forever. I will give you anything you desire in exchange for
it. Since you do not like the price I offer, you may name your own price and you shall have it." And the boy thought to himself, "Here is a chance for good fortune. Now
I shall surprise my brothers." And he said, "Since you cannot give me my drum, I will take your daughter in marriage in exchange." The Chief was very perplexed, but
he had to be true to his word. So he gave his daughter to Thick-head, and they were married, and the girl brought him much treasure and they lived very happily. And
his brothers were much amazed and angered because they had failed. But his mother said, "I told you he was wiser than you and that he would outwit you even
though you called him Thick-head and fool. For the forest fairy said it to me at his birth."
Untwist the Loop
A. Make a character delineation chart and fill this out.
Characters Description
B. Fill out the table to landscape the plot structure of the story.
Plot Parts Key Events (In keywords/phrases)
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Denouement
Let’s Dig Deeper

Canada’s literature is merely influenced by explorers and travelers. Their charts, diaries, journals and letters are the foundation of their rich historical and geographical
based literatures. As the critic Northrop Frye observed, Canadian literature is haunted by the overriding question “Where is here?”; thus, metaphoric mappings of
peoples and places became central to the evolution of the Canadian literary imagination.
Speak your Mind
Write a Reader’s Response analysis focusing on the theme of the story and on how you can relate to the main character of the story.
Extend your Horizon
To learn more about the folktales of Canada, click the links below,
https://fairytalez.com/boy-called-thick-head/
https://www.worldoftales.com/#gsc.tab=0
Literature of Brazil
The Boy and the Violin
Let’s Begin

a. Analyze the folktale according to its type;
b. Develop a storyboard of the folktale; and,
c. Evaluate the morals implicitly conveyed in the folktale.
Meet the Author
Since a folktale is characteristically anonymous, no name of any author is attributed to it. Nonetheless, the people within a particular community who are delighted by
its magnificence and charm have long circulated and handed it down from one generation to the other being part of the oral tradition among people.
Catch the Word
Directions: Read the sentences below that include terms that you may not be familiar with. Provide a brief interpretation of the underlined word based on background
clues.
1. The shepherds were greatly disturbed when they found out how their sheep were straying away into the forest.
2. They made such chattering noises that they almost drowned out the music.
3. After a while a tapir heard the jolly sound. Immediately his three-toed hind feet and four-toed front feet began to dance.
4. Next, the armadillo heard the music.
5. The boy from that time on reigned over half of the kingdom of giants as prince of the land.
Fuel the Thrill
No one can ever buy happiness and laughter. No, neither money, nor treasures, nor properties can make one acquire genuine and lasting bliss. Let us find out how an
orphaned boy found happiness after a loss of loved one and ultimately found his love of a lifetime. Listen to the story through this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5n_2PJvM6o or read the folktale here: http://storyforkids24.blogspot.com/2013/04/folk-tale-boy-and-violin.html
Directions: Answer these questions briefly (one sentence only).
1. How did the boy become orphaned?
2. How do you think he overcame the loss of a loved one?
3. What character of the boy do you think is worthy of emulation? Why?
4. How important is the violin to the boy?
5. How did he gain the favor of the king of giants?
Untwist the Loop
Folktales are generally categorized into several types. To mention a few, these are:
● Animal Tales;
● Tales of Magic/Wonder Tales;
● Religious Tales;
● Realistic/ Romantic Tales;
● Tales of the Stupid Ogre; and,
● Jokes and Anecdotes.
9. Which type of folktale would The Boy and the Violin fit into?
10. Choose two (2) vital events only in the story and give your analysis as to its type of folktale. Analyze the events in separate paragraphs with a
maximum of 5 sentences. (10 points each). Rubric: Content (5); Organization (3); and Conventions (2).
Let’s Dig Deeper
Just as any other short stories, folktales often tell about the daily experiences of a particular community where it originates. With children as its primary target
audience, it follows a sequence of events that is simple, yet often enchanting or magical. In order to put these events into a capsule, one readily thinks of a summary
or even an outline. Nonetheless, only a few are familiar with a storyboard where crude or skillful sketches/drawings, whether colored or not, are labeled with either
phrases or sentences that describe the action depicted in the drawing.
Unlike a summary, the storyboard narrates a story with a corresponding drawing/sketch, thereby making the experience of retelling the story exciting and artistic.
Directions: Devise a written/printed storyboard of your own based on the folktale, “The Boy and the Violin.” You may use at least six (6) storyboards using a 2D
drawing on each storyboard. For references/samples/templates you may follow this link: https://www.stmedia.co.uk/blog/our-different-types-of-storyboards/.
Speak your Mind
Folktales educate people in a vicarious way especially in inculcating values. In fact, it mirrors the traditions, culture, and belief system of people.
Now, point out two (2) major insights about: a) overcoming the pain caused by the loss of a parent (father or mother); and, b) making someone happy. Limit your
answer to one (1) paragraph each with a maximum of 5 sentences only. (10 points each). Rubric: Content (5); Organization (3); and Conventions (2).
Extend your Horizon
For more folktales about Brazil, please open this link: https://fairytalez.com/region/brazilian/
CHAPTER 3
POETRY
Literature of Japan
The Narrow Road to the Deep North
Matsuo Basho
Let’s begin

C. Describe the characteristics of haiku;
C. Interpret how the haikus reflect the life of Basho; and
E. Enrich one’s background about the country where the literature originated.
Meet the Author
Matsuo Bashō was the most famous Japanese poet during the Edo period. He is recognized as the greatest master of haiku then called hokku. His poems were
influenced by his firsthand experience of the world around him, often encapsulating the feeling of a scene in a few simple elements and is deeply rooted from Zen
Buddhist. Bashō was a servant to Tōdō Yoshitada who influenced him to love haikai no renga, a form of collaborative poetry composition. After his death, he moved to
Edo, to further his study of poetry. His famous works include Kai Ōi (The Seashell Game), Minashiguri ("A Shriveled Chestnut"), Fuyu no Hi (Winter Days), Oi no
Kobumi, or Utatsu Kikō (Record of a Travel-Worn Satchel), Bashō no Utsusu Kotoba (On Transplanting the Banana Tree), Heikan no Setsu (On Seclusion) and many
more.
Catch the Word
Directions: Give the meaning of the following words.
1. Wabi – simple, simplicity, humble looking: means things that are fresh and simple. It denotes simplicity and quietude, and also incorporates
rustic beauty. It includes both that which is made by nature, and that which is made by man. It also can mean an accidental or happenstance element
(or perhaps even a small flaw) which gives elegance and uniqueness to the whole, such as the pattern made by a flowing glaze on a ceramic object.
2. Sabi - means things whose beauty stems from age. It refers to the patina of age, and the concept that changes due to use may make an
object more beautiful and valuable. This also incorporates an appreciation of the cycles of life, as well as careful, artful mending of damage.
3.
Haiku -
an unrhymed verse form of Japanese origin having three lines containing usually five, seven, and five
syllables respectivelyalso : a poem in this form usually having a seasonal reference
4. Zen Buddhist - The essential element of Zen Buddhism is found in its name, for zen means “meditation.” Zen teaches that enlightenment is
achieved through the profound realization that one is already an enlightened being.
5.
muga - selflessness; self-effacement; self-renunciation.
Fuel the Thrill
Poetry is worded less but speaks a lot. When it conveys, it embraces both candidness and mystery. Learn the travel of Basho and his reflection about life through this
link https://www.theschooloflife.com/thebookoflife/the-great-eastern-philosophers-matsuo-basho/
Untwist the loop
Persona Matsuo Basho
Addressee Readers
st
Vision 1 person point of view
Voice Tranquil or calm
Tone Tranquil
Mood tranquility
2.
How can we sense the philosophy of Zen Buddhist in Basho’s haiku?
- We can sense the philosophy of Zen Buddhist in Basho’s haiku through the calm they bring to the readers or listeners of his Haikus, the wabi and sabi of
his haikus
3. What common description about life can we get from the haiku?
- Simplicity and austerity
4. What insight about the self can a person get from the haiku of Basho?
- point is to remind readers that what really matters is to be able to be content with our own company, to appreciate the moment we are in and
to be attuned to the very simplest things life has to offer
5. Do you think Basho’s haiku is a reflection of his realizations in life? Why do you say so?
- Yes, because as one define poetry, poetry is the reflection or sometimes a catharsis of ones emotion or even thinking. Just like his Haikus, it reflects the
emotions, principles and life experiences of Basho.
Let’s dig deeper
Haiku is a Japanese poem composed of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable pattern. It is made up of two elements, haikai and hokku. Haikai is a renga or linked verse
poem which includes humor while hokku features a vivid description of nature and season. It rose to prominence in the Tokugawa period through Basho who
considered haiku as a new style of writing poetry. Basho used haiku to chronicle his travels and experiences around Japan. Other writers such as Issa, Masaoka Shiki,
Takahama Kyoshi and Kawahigashi Hekigoto contributed to the continuous prosperity of haiku. After World War II, haiku has gained recognition from the Imagist in
th
the early 20 century to any races of the world today.
Speak your mind

Compose a haiku about your reflection of life.
- Vast expanse of sea
Wide and never-ending sight
Strong willed mind and soul
Extend your horizon
Fall in love with haiku by clicking this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90-2Dg2CJdw
Literature of Africa
Africa, My Africa
by David Diop
Let’s Begin
a. Paraphrase the poetry;

b. Perform a spoken poetry which theme is love of one’s country; and,
c. Reflect on the touching lines conveyed in the poem.
Meet the Author
Born in Bordeaux, France, David Diop [1927-1960] is widely regarded as one of the most promising French West African poets. His work also reflected his longing for
Africa and concern for those fighting against French imperialism on the continent. His work demonstrates a disdain for oppressors as well as the previously expressed
concern for the oppressed.
David Léon Mandessi Diop was born to a Senegalese father and a Cameroonian mother in Bordeaux, France, in 1927. He was a practitioner of Negritude throughout
his literary career. Statesman-poet Leopold Sedar Senghor was a member of this political philosophy/literary movement.
Négritude (from the French "nègre" and "-itude" to denote a state, it can be translated as "Blackness") is a critical and literary structure established primarily by
francophone intellectuals, authors, and politicians of the African diaspora during the 1930s with the goal of raising and fostering "Black consciousness." Negritude
literally translates to "Negro-ness." As a rejection of alleged French colonial racism, the Négritude writers find unity in a shared black identity.
Personification is Diop's most powerful literary instrument in this poem. He imbues Africa with human characteristics and speaks to her explicitly. With depictions of
"beautiful black blood...," he emphasizes her humanity. “The blood of your sweat....the sweat of your work...your unbent back.”
Catch the Word
clues.
1. Africa of proud warriors in ancestral savannahs...
2. On the banks of the distant river…
3. Your beautiful black blood that irrigates the fields…
4. Impetuous child in that tree, young and strong…
5. That is your Africa springing up anew springing up patiently, obstinately…
Fuel the Thrill
The feeling of imprisonment is undoubtedly a torturous experience that causes one to abandon hopes of redemption and liberty. Figure out how Diop uses his most
powerful instrument in this poem. Read the poem here: https://folukeafrica.com/africa-my-africa-by-david-diop/
Directions: Answer these questions briefly.
1. Who is speaking in the poem Africa?
2. How does the poet describe Africa?
3. What is the central poetic device used in the poem Africa?
4. What is the message of the poem Africa My Africa?
5. What is the author trying to tell me about Africa through his poem?
Untwist the Loop
Poetry often conveys a message in the implied form. Hence, it requires deep analysis of its content and the meaning it suitably puts across. This is where
paraphrasing comes into play.
Paraphrasing is the process of putting someone else's thoughts into your own words. You must rewrite a passage without modifying the context of the original text to
paraphrase a source. Paraphrasing is a form of quotation that involves copying someone's exact words and putting them in quotation marks. It's important to attribute
the source if you paraphrase. You should also avoid using terminology that is too close to the original. You might be accused of plagiarizing if you don't.
In five easy steps, learn how to paraphrase.
1. To completely comprehend the context of the passage, read it many times.
2. Make a list of important principles/ideas.
3. Without looking at the original, write your own version of the text.
4. Examine your paraphrased text against the original passage and make small changes to any phrases that are too close.
5. Attribute the source of your idea.
To see an example, click this link: https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/how-to-paraphrase/#:~:text=Paraphrasing%20means%20formulating%20someone
%20else's,put%20them%20in%20quotation%20marks.
1. Paraphrase the poem in one paragraph only.
2. The paragraph must consist of a maximum of 150 words. Rubric: Content (10); Organization (6); and Conventions (4).
Let’s Dig Deeper
There are several ways to deliver a poem. One of which is the Spoken Word Poetry that started as a genre of performance poetry that arose from the Black Arts
movement in the 1960s. Its roots can be traced back to the Beat Poetry of the 1950s and 1960s, as well as the Harlem Renaissance's Jazz Poetry (1920-1940).
Poetry is more personal; it contains the artist's thoughts and emotions. Although spoken word does contain the artist's thoughts and emotions, it is written in a way that
will elicit a response from the audience – similar to live theatre.
Spoken word poetry does not have to rhyme, but it can be rhymed in some sections to highlight an image or give it a lyrical quality.
It is a type of performance art that differs from traditional poetry in that it is not composed. The intense, emotional delivery of slam poetry or a dramatic monologue at
an open mic night could have stayed with you long after it was done. This is spoken word poetry's influence, and it's meant to be remembered. To improve the
rhythmic presentation, spoken word poems can include elements of hip-hop, folk music, or jazz.
To write spoken words, follow these four steps.
1. Tell a story. You may feel confused and uncertain where to begin if you've never written a spoken word before.
2. It's Time to Flesh It Out. Now that you've decided on a plot, it's time to turn it into a tale that illustrates your theme.
3. It's a good idea to read it aloud.
4. Give it your everything as you render it.
Directions: Here are the guidelines for this activity:
1. Anticipating that you are inexperienced in spoken word poetry performance, compose your own which theme is about love of country amidst the
pandemic;
2. Dress up formally and record your performance in video format;
3. Reading of the piece is allowed;
4. The length of the recording should be at least 2 -3 minutes;
5. To watch a full rendition of this performance, try this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suDgtLVF4WQ; and,
6. Rubric: Voice – (15 pts); Audience Contact – (10 pts); Appropriate Content – (15 pts); Professional appearance – (10 pts).
Speak your Mind
A poem is said to be empty if it fails to convey its meaning to its reader. Nonetheless, it is so powerful enough that it arouses one’s feelings and even persuades the
man’s mind. Indeed, this charm only transpires when one reflects on the lines or verses of each poem.
Now, identify (2) lines only in the poem, Africa, My Africa, that are so affecting and give a personal reflection. Your reflection must be based on the following: a) literal
interpretation about the verse/line; and b) figurative interpretation of the same. Limit your answer to one (1) paragraph each with a maximum of 5 sentences only. (10
points each). Rubric: Content (5); Organization (3); and Conventions (2).
Extend your Horizon
Should you opt to read various poetry about Africa, please visit this link: https://akademia.com.ng/african-poets-list/
Literature of Australia
Let’s begin

A. Analyze the meaning of the lyrics of the song;
B. Describe the author and the poem through creating a song.
Waltzing Matilda
By: Banjo Paterson
Meet the Author
Banjo Paterson, whose real name is Andrew Barton Paterson was born on February 17, 1864 in Narrambla, New South Wales, Australia. He was a famous
Australian poet and journalist noted for his composition of the internationally renowned song “Waltzing Matilda”. He also gained his popularity in Australia with “The
Man from Snowy River and Other Verses'' in 1895 and “Rio Grande’s Last Race and Other Verses'' in 1902.
As a lawyer, Paterson practiced his profession in Sydney until 1900. He became a journalist and travelled covering the South African War, China, and even in the
Philippines. He became an editor of Sydney Evening News in 1904 and in Sydney Town and Country Journal in 1906. Paterson also published a collection of
Australian songs such as The Old Bush: Composed and Sung in the Bushranging, Digging and Overlanding Days. Waltzing Matilda appeared in 1917 as part of his
collection of verses entitled Saltbush Bill, J.P., and Other Verses. He also wrote a volume of verses for children, “The Animals Noah Forgot”, in 1933 and some short
stories.
Catch the Word
Directions: Read the Australian terms and their meaning. Write a sentence using the terms on the left.
1. Waltzing Matilda: to carry one’s swag from camp to camp
2. swagman: an itinerant farmhand, carrying his “swag” (his blankets) rolled into a cylinder
3. jolly: happy
4. billabong: a creek
5. billy: a tin can used to heat water over a campfire to make tea
6. jumbuck: sheep
7. tucker-bag: bag or box used to store food
8. squatter: farmer/grazier who found good land and took possession; some became extremely rich
9. thoroughbred- an expensive pedigreed horse.
10. trooper: policeman or soldier on horseback
Fuel the Thrill
Waltzing Matilda is actually a song telling a story of a swagman who steals a sheep, makes a meal of it, and is caught red-handed by a wealthy landowner. Because
he was afraid for his life, he jumped into the waterhole. To know more about the lyrics, read through this link https://www.poetrylibrary.edu.au/poets/paterson-a-b-
banjo/poems/waltzing-matilda-0026009
Untwist the Loop
1. What is a swagman?
2. Why is a billabong a good place to camp at?
3. How did swagman boil their billy?
4. What does ‘grabbed him with glee’ mean?
5. What kinds of food do you think the swagman might have in his tucker bag?
6. How did the squatter arrive at the scene?
7. How do we know that the troopers arrived from a different direction than did the squatter?
8. What action does the swagman show us that he was afraid of going to jail?
9. What do you think was the cause of the swagman’s death?
Let’s Dig Deeper
Waltzing Matilda was inspired by the death of a swagman-shearer during the shearer’s strikes of the 1890s. Waltzing Matilda seems like a light-hearted song, but in
fact, it is a story of poverty, deprivation and even exploitation of workers during an economic depression in Australia. The song had been based on a true incident
during a melancholy in 1895 where there was work scarcity which revolves around a swagman who is looking for work carrying around swag on his back which was
clearly narrated in the poem.
This poem consists of 32 lines in 8 verses with a rhyming scheme ABCB. It also contains many Australian slang terms and idioms. One of which is “Waltzing Matilda”
which means travelling from one place to another. This poem was somehow an exact account of the life of the author who travels in some parts of the world for a job
and to earn a living. It also describes him who carries a swag which could be interpreted as his personal talent to survive in times of crisis.
Speak your mind

Create your own song in the tune of Waltzing Matilda describing the author and his experiences as journalist and as a poet.
Extend your horizon
To learn more about the Australian literature and Waltzing Matilda poem, watch the videos found in links below:
https://www.britannica.com/art/Australian-literature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqtttbbYfSM
Literature of Europe
Ozymandias
By Percy Bysshe Shelley
Let’s begin
a) Learn new vocabulary;
b) Discuss the morals of the poem;
c) Enrich one’s background about the author.
Meet the Author
The life and works of Percy Bysshe Shelley exemplify English Romanticism in both its extremes of joyous ecstasy and brooding despair. Born on August 4, 1792—the
year of the Terror in France—Percy Bysshe Shelley (the “Bysshe” from his grandfather, a peer of the realm) was the son of Timothy and Elizabeth Shelley. Shelley
exemplified in the way he lived his life and lived on in the substantial body of work that he left the world after his legendary death by drowning at age 29. From the
beginning of his writing career at the age of 17, throughout his life, and even to the present day, the very name of Shelley has evoked either the strongest vehemence
or the warmest praise, bordering on worship. Shelley’s life and reputation have had a history and life of their own apart from the reputation of his various works, and
one that continued to evolve even after his death from drowning at the age of 29.
Catch the Word
Directions: Provide for the meaning of each phrase below.
Phrases Meaning
antique land
trunkless legs
shattered visage
wrinkled lip
colossal wreck
Fuel the Thrill

This sonnet from 1817 is probably Shelley’s most famous and most anthologized poem—which is somewhat strange, considering that it is in many ways an atypical
poem for Shelley, and that it touches little upon the most important themes in his oeuvre at large (beauty, expression, love, imagination). Still, “Ozymandias” is a
masterful sonnet. Essentially it is devoted to a single metaphor: the shattered, ruined statue in the desert wasteland, with its arrogant, passionate face and
monomaniacal
inscription.
OZYMANDIAS
Untwist the Loop
BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
A. Answer
the following I met a traveller from an antique land,
questions briefly.
1. Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Who is
the audience in the

Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand,
poem?
2. Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, Where
had the traveler come

And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
from?
3. Tell that its sculptor well those passions read What
had he seen there?

Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
4. What is
the expression on the

The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;
face of the statue?
5. And on the pedestal, these words appear: What
does the poet mean by

My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
‘colossal wreck’?
6. Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! What
literary device does the

Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
poet use in the last line?
7. Why
should Ozymandias refer to himself as ‘King of Kings’?

Speak your mind
What is the reality of life you could spot revealed in this poem? How would you relate such reality in your life?
Extend your Horizon
Collage Making
Create an individual collage around the theme of the poem. To get more ideas about the poem watch the video in this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_Egz2bDQ0o
Literature of United States of America

“Hope” Is The Thing With Feathers
By Emily Dickinson
Lesson Objectives
b. review America’s historical facts and its famous writers; and
c. demonstrate comprehension of the poem “Hope is the thing with feathers” through a mimetic analysis paper.
Meet the Author
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, who is known as Emily Dickinson, was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.—died May 15, 1886, Amherst.
Emily is a lyric poet who lived in seclusion and commanded a singular brilliance of style and integrity of vision. With Walt Whitman, Dickinson is widely considered to
be one of the two leading 19th-century American poets. Only 10 of Emily Dickinson’s nearly 1,800 poems are known to have been published in her lifetime. She freely
ignored the usual rules of versification and even of grammar, and in the intellectual content of her work she likewise proved exceptionally bold and original.
Catch the Word
Directions: Give the meaning of the following word.
1. perches -a bar or peg on which something is hung
2. Gale - is a strong wind; the word is typically used as description in nautical contexts
3. abash - to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of someone
4. chillest - causing or feeling cool or moderately cold
5. crumb - a small fragment especially of something baked
Fuel the Thrill
American poetry found its true beginnings in the works of Emily Dickinson, who did her writing in the middle of her seclusion in the nineteenth century, not at her end.
Dickinson, as a poet, is known to express her inner self in most of her poems. Her seclusion days made her reflect on deep realities of life. One of her famous poems
is “Hope is the thing with feathers” which talks about how one can find hope amidst life’s adversities.
Talking about seclusion, in your own experience what kind of themes are you going to write when you are alone? Have you ever tried to reflect on the things that are
happening in your life?To get an insight, read Emily Dickinson’s poem through this link.
Untwist the Loop
https://www.commonlit.org/en/texts/hope-is-the-thing-with-feathers
Directions: Read and answer the
questions briefly.
I. Identify the following elements of the poem through this diagram.
1. To what is hope being compared?
Hope is the thing with
- In Dickinson’s description of “hope”, is a bird which utilized as a metaphor for the notion of salvation.
feathers Figures of Speech
2. What line indicates the comparison?
Figures of speech of the given phrase
Theme/Vision “hope” is the thing with feathers is a

Persona and Addressee metaphor
Hope is the thing with feathers’ is a
In “hope is the thing with feathers’, the
lyric poem in ballad meter written
speaker is an unnamed person who has
- The poem opens with the line “hope is the thing with feathers”. This starts the comparison of a bird.
3. Why does it perch in the soul?
- This “hope” bird can be seen “perching” in the soul, demonstrating that the soul is where hoped resides. Here, “hope” sings nonstop and is directly associated with
the human soul. Thus, its tenacity serves as a metaphor for humanity’s boundless potential for optimism.
4. What is the relevance of the soul to hope?
- In the poem, “hope” takes on the metaphorical form of a determined bird that dwells in a person’s soul and sings its song no matter what. The poem basically aims to
remind readers of the strength of optimism and how little it demands of people. The statement that hope is something we all cherish. In difficult circumstances, we are
never alone because hope is always there, singing a vice of comfort.
5. What is being depicted in lines 3 and 4 “sings the tune without the words and never stops at all”
- for Dickinson, hope never stops singing its wordless tune and nothing can phase it. In other words, hope doesn’t really “talk” to us in the traditional sense; rather, it is
a feeling that we experience that lifts our spirits even in the most difficult of situations.
6. Describe the feeling implied by the persona in line 5“and sweetest in the Gale is heard” in connection to hope?
- In this poetry, hope is compared to a bird inside of oneself that never stops singing in an elaborate metaphor. The sweetest time to hear a bird sing is during a gale,
which is storm. According to the poet, the bird sings ‘sweetest’ during storms. In other words, hope is important in difficult circumstances and seems to help people get
through them.
7. What does the “Bird” signify in line 7?
- Abash the little birds signifies to embarrass, but it can also mean to disconcert or make nervous. So, for anything to lessen thepower of this hope-bird’s sweet singing
a force that has helped so many people.
8. Describe the role of the bird? How relevant is it to our perception of hope?
- The word ‘bird’ carries several different meanings. Birds are usually seen as symbols of spirituality or as being independent and free. The bird in this poem
demonstrates bravery and perseverance by continuing to sing even in the most trying circumstances. Dickinson paints a magnificent picture of the nobility of human
desire by comparing ‘hope’ to this bird.
9. What does “chilliest land and strangest sea” imply?
- The poet has had a lot of experiences; she has witnessed hope in both the chilliest country’ and the ‘strangest sea’, demonstrating that even at the darkest moments
of life, hope endures. She uses these words to convey the immensity of hope which endures everywhere with everyone. It implies that Hope is strong. It endures even
in the coldest places (in the chilliest terrain’) or in strange or unfamiliar environments (in ’on the weirdest sea’). And hope never seeks anything in return from us. It
offers consolation and comfort yet ask absolutely nothing in return.
10. How does the persona find hope in one’s self?
- ‘Hope is the thing with feathers’ serves as a reminder that everyone has hope within of them. In difficult circumstances, we are never alone because hope is always
there, singing a coice of comfort.
Let’s Dig Deeper
North America is the third largest of the seven continents. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. North America is
dominated by its three largest countries: Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Central America and the Caribbean are usually considered part of North America, but
they have their own section here. Although Columbus is given much credit as having discovered America, there were plenty of people already living in North America
prior to the Europeans having arrived. This included many Native American tribes in the United States and the Aztec civilization in what is now Mexico.
In the 1600's the Europeans quickly colonized and took over much of North America. The most populous country in North America, the United States, was formed in
the late 1700's and became a "melting pot" of people and cultures from around the world. Its major cities are Mexico City, Mexico New York City, USA Los Angeles,
USA Chicago, USA Toronto, Canada Houston, USA Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico Montreal, Canada Philadelphia, USA Guadalajara, Mexico.
Famous Writers
Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 – 1864- A novelist and a short story writer. His works were known as ‘dark romanticism,’ dominated as they are by cautionary tales that
suggest that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humankind.
Edgar Allan Poe 1809 –1849- An American writer, editor, and literary critic. He is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and
suspense. He is generally considered the inventor of detective fiction.
Emily Dickinson 1830 – 1886- Unknown as a poet during her lifetime, Emily Dickinson is now regarded by many as one of the most powerful voices of American
culture. Her poetry has inspired many other writers, including Bronte.
T.S. Eliot 1888 – 1965- Thomas Stearns Eliot was an American-born, British, poet, essayist, playwright, critic, now regarded as one of the twentieth century’s major
poets.
William Faulkner 1897 –1962-William Cuthbert Faulkner was a Nobel Prize laureate, he is known mainly for his novels and short stories set in the fictional
Yoknapatawpha Country, Mississippi.
Emily Dickinson’s famous poem “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers' ' uses metaphors of nature and animals which is a clear manifestation of Emily’s love for natural
things. This uniqueness of writing indicates her individuality as a writer of art. The significance of images in the poem connotes the author's deep understanding
towards nature and the wisdom it gives to humanity. The poem also depicts the reality that hope stays in the soul of man and it can never be separated from man, nor
it asks nothing in return of the positivity it brings. Hope stays in the soul of a man but is encountered in wilderness or unfamiliar places as the self becomes uncertain
in times of troubles and difficulties. However, hope is part of one’s being. It sings right the moment man needs to hear its voice for self-motivation. It gives a feeling of
comfort and sense of courage when a man needs it the most, and eventually it never fails.
Speak your mind
Write a mimetic analysis on Emily Dickinson’s poem “Hope is the thing with feathers”. Focus on the realities which signify hope in real life.
Extend your horizon
Read more of Emily Dickinson’s life and her poetry. Describe how the author established herself in her poetry and what is its impact to you as a reader. Use this link
for your reference https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/emily-dickinson
The Poetry of Latin America

If You Forgot Me
Let’s begin
A. give the emphasis of the poem;

B. identify the tone of the poem;
C. distinguish the subject of the poem;
D. enumerate the sensory elements included in the poem.
Meet the Author
Pablo Neruda is a Chilean writer whose real name is Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (1904-1973), He was born on July 12, 1904 in Parral, Chile. His father, a railway
employee and his mother, who died after his birth and a teacher at the same time a teacher, are his parents. Years later his father moved to the town of Temuco and
married Doña Trinidad Candia Malverde. That’s the reason why the poet spent his childhood and youth in Temuco. It is also in the same place where he got to know
Gabriela Mistral, the head of the girls’ secondary school, who liked him.
At age 13 years old, he started contributing some articles to the daily “La Mañana '', like his first poem, Entusiasmo y Perseverancia. He started being a contributor to
the literary journal “Selva Austral in 1920 using the pen name of Pablo Neruda. Few poems that Neruda wrote at that time can be found in his first published book:
Crepusculario (1923). In the following year, the publication of Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada, one of his best-known and most translated works,
came out. Together with his literary activities, Neruda also learned French and pedagogy at the University of Chile in Santiago.
Catch the Word

Directions: Match the words on the left with the meaning on the right column. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
A B
1.
Impalpable a. a small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a
surface by shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance
2. Wrinkled b. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed or
mitigated
3. Banner c. incapable of being felt by touch
4. Implacable d. to make an end
5. Extinguished e. flag
Fuel the Thrill

Pablo Neruda was a Chilean author who was exiled for his views on communism; he wrote “If You Forget Me” while on vacation with his mistress. It's thought he wrote
it when she was in the room with him, so it's reasonable to assume it's dedicated to her. However, there are suggestions that this poem is really about his troubled
relationship with Chile, where he was exiled for his political views.
Untwist the Loop
1. What is the emphasis of the poem?
2. What is the message of the second stanza?
3. What is the tone of the poem?
4. What is the message of the fourth stanza
5. Who is the subject of the poem?
6. What sensory elements are included in the poem?
Let’s Dig Deeper
To read the poem entitled “Ïf You Forgot Me by Pablo Neruda, search the link: https://allpoetry.com/If-You-Forget-Me
Speak your mind

Think of someone you are afraid of being forgotten. Write a poem dedicated to the person telling him/her how important he/she is in your life.
Extend your horizon
To have a glimpse of Latin American Literature, watch this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocXmfGj3KHU
CHAPTER 4
SHORT STORIES
Philippine Short Story
Lesson Objectives
b. review the historical facts of the Philippines;
c. conduct a comprehensive reading on Paz Marquez Benitez “Dead Stars”;
d. demonstrate understanding on the theme of the story “The Dead Stars”; and
e. write an analysis paper focusing on the images of the story.
Meet the Author
Paz Márquez-Benítez (3 March 1894– 10 November 1983) was a Filipina short-story writer, educator and editor. Her career as a woman educator as well as her contributions
as a writer are seen as an important step within the advancement of women in professional careers as well as in the development of Philippine literature. During her career as
a writer, Paz Marquez-Benitez wrote short stories critical of American Imperialism. Paz is most known by her short story Dead Stars (1925) in which the two main characters
are displayed as allegories to American imperialism in order to portray the slow decay of Philippine heritage.Her only other known published work is A Night in the Hills (1925).
Even though she had only two published works her writings would be regarded as the first steps of Philippine literature moving into the mainstream.Paz Marquez-Benitez
remains as a prominent influence on Philippine literature through not only her writing but her impact as an educator and editor. Her and her husband's establishment of
educational magazines, schools, and her contributions to the development of creative short story writing courses within the Philippines is believed to have inspired generations
of Filipino writers.
Catch the Word
Directions: Match the words in column A with their corresponding meanings in column B. Write the letters of your choice before the words in column A.
A B.
____1. perfervid a. ridicule
____2. tumultuous b. defiant
____3. indolence c. stern
____4. recalcitrant d. loud, excited, emotional
____5. exuberant e. excessively fervent
____6. deride f. self-centeredness
____7. austere g. enthusiastic
____8. desultory h. painfully affecting the feelings
____9. poignantly i. lack of plan or purpose
____10. saunter j. to stroll
k. laziness
Fuel the Thrill
“Dead Stars' ' is one of the most romantic Filipino short stories ever written in Philippine literature. The idea of getting into a broken relationship because of a secret
love affair brings strong emotions and mixed reactions to its readers. Trust is the main reason why two people love each other but what if you found out that the
person you are about to get married with fell in love with another person? What will you do? T his short story of Paz Marquez Benitiz will make you think about how you
will prepare yourself for marriage? Do you think love is enough to marry someone despite one's unfaithfulness? Read the story below through this link.
Untwist the Loop
http://notes.dlszobel.edu.ph/files/2013-2014/DEAD%20STARS.pdf
I. Summarize the story using this diagram.
Setting
Main Characters
Summary
Conflict
Theme
Point-of-view

1. How were the characters of Alfredo, Esperanza, and Julia revealed in the story?
2. Describe the setting of the story? What is its main conflict?
3. What is the significance of the name of the streets and the relevance of the holy week occasion towards the issue of Alfredo to Julia Salas and Esperanza?
3. What are the images/symbols found in the story? How do these images/symbols give shape in the story of the characters?
4. Knowing Alfredo’s long engagement with Esperanza, why do you think he still fell in love with Julia? Is it really love? Or do you agree that Alfredo is a
womanizer?
5. If you were Esperanza would you still marry the person you love knowing that he is not faithful to you? Will you forgive the person if ever he made a mistake?
6. Describe the character of Alfredo in the story? Why do you think he chose to have an affair with Julia Salas? What kind of man is Alfredo?
7. If you were Esperanza, what would you feel if your partner was having an affair with another person?
8. What is meant by dead stars? Why does the author use stars as a title of this story?
9. If you were to end the story will you consider a happy ending for Esperanza and Alfredo? Why or why not?
10. In your own thoughts, do you think Esperanza and Alfredo end up with a happy marriage? Do you think stars still spark for both of them knowing that Alfredo
made a mistake in their relationship?
Let’s Dig Deeper

The Philippines, besides its vibrant and unique culture and history, has a lot to offer in terms of literature. The cultural and linguistic diversity of the country propelled
the production of numerous literary masterpieces, which are mainly exhibitions of the aspirations, struggles, and experiences of people in all parts of the archipelago
then and now. Reading Philippine literature is one best way to better understand the Filipino psyche and temperament. Thus, literature serves as our foremost travel
pass to see the wonders of the Philippines.
Pre-Colonial Literature - before the coming of foreign occupation, our forebears or ancestors had developed their literature in the form of songs, epics, myths, folk
tales, and legends. Most of these primitive forms of the literature revealed our forebears' way of life, belief system, traditions, norms, mores. Legends and myths
provided quick answers to man's curiosity as to the existence of things around him. Also, these were taught not just for amusement but also to teach positive behavior
among the young. Literature during such a period was passed through word of mouth or oral tradition. In a community, the elders or the parents served as the
teachers of a particular ethnic group's literature.
The Spanish Colonization (1565-1872)- christianity was proclaimed by the first group of colonizers of the land as the penultimate impetus of Spain’s occupation in
th
the Philippines during the height of the 16 century. Their presence in the land brought numerous and monumental changes not only to religion but also in the
language system and writing.
The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1896) and Revolutionary Period (1896-1900)- during the Spanish regime, there was no significant literary development. In this
Enlightenment period, various forms of literature emerged, but there was a rich collection of poetry. Jose Rizal, our national hero, had written novels to reveal the
abuses of the authorities and awaken the minds of the people. The latter was said to be dedicated to the three martyrs- the GOMBURZA.
The American Colonization (1900-1942)- with the coming of American forces in the Philippines, changes in literary medium and motifs were evident. Education was
the significant contribution of the American occupation, and it propelled the growth of literacy among Filipinos. Philippine literature in English flowered and gained
maturity in form and substance.
.
The Japanese Period (1942-1950)- The presence of the Japanese forces brought some interruptions in the development of the country and its literature. Mainly, this
period served as the “golden period” for short stories and Tagalog drama. Nationalism, patriotism, and life struggle prevailed as themes and motifs of texts produced
during this period.
The Post-War Period (Period of Philippine Republic 1946-1972)- during this period, the first republic was established. It was the time in which two forms of short
writing emerged- the commercial and literary forms. In 1950, the Carlos Palanca Memorial awards initialized. Commercial magazines featured numerous short stories
of neophyte writers.
Hence, together with the evolution of time comes the rise of new literary works in Philippine literature. The emergence of new Filipino authors and their English
language proficiency brought a significant development in the history of Philippine literature. One of these literatures are the short stories in English written by Filipino
authors.
“Dead Stars” by Paz Marquez Benitez is a short story which took place in 1925. This story allows readers to understand how courtship, marriage, and fidelity were
considered in the early 1900s. “Dead Stars” is a narrative story which uses a third-person perspective. Among the characters in the story are Alfredo Salazar,
Esperanza, Julia Salas, Don Julian, Judge Del Valle, Vicente, Donna Adella, and Calixta who is Alfredo Salazar and Esperanza’s note carrier. The main characters
are Alfredo, Esperanza, and Julia Salas in which the conflict of the story revolves. The setting of the story was placed in the Philippines buildings of Don Julian and
Judge Del Valle locations foreshadowing a patriarchal society. The conflict revolves around the struggle of Alfredo who is in an affair with Julia Salas while engaging
with Esperanza at the same time.
Paz Marquez Benitez’s short story “Dead Stars'' demonstrates women’s vulnerability in a patriarchal society. Women involved in a relationship are
considered as second rate when man’s infidelity takes place. However, despite the conflict women characters are still steadfast and while the character of the man is
unbalanced and uncertain. On the other hand, it also emphasizes the values of marriage and one's emotional preparation towards married life.
Speak your mind
Write a formalist analysis focusing on characters of the story “Dead Stars.” Choose and analyze the character of Alfredo which is one of the main characters of the
story. Establish a good argument in your analysis.
Extend your horizon
Read other Philippine short stories and describe them. Cite also images and symbols that depict Filipino traits , culture, and tradition. Open the link below to read the
tales. https://www.sushidog.com/bpss/appendix.htm
The Prose of Africa
The Voter
Let’s begin
A. identify the theme of the story;

B. critique on the election and political campaign in the story;
C. describe corruption and bribery in the story;
D. tell what African beliefs are reflected in the story;
E. express the message of the story;
Meet the Author
Nigerian author, Chinua Achebe, was born on November 16th, 1930. He was born in the town of Ogidi in eastern Nigeria, where his father worked as a teacher at a
Mission school. His father became a Christian after his conversion. He intended to study medicine, but his love of literature and the nationalist movement in his country
forced him to change his mind. As a student, he became aware of colonialism's detrimental impact and devoted himself to redefining Africa by telling the true story of
Africans, including their successes and failures. The European notion that “Africa was the Primordial Void” was for him: Africa had a culture, a religion, and a
civilization. Despite the fact that Achebe claimed that Africa's encounter with Europe must be accounted a horrible tragedy in terms of human comprehension and
appreciation, his African characters were not idealized. They are kept accountable for their personal choices as well as the issues that threaten their country's future.
To enter a wider audience, he decided to write in English, which he started learning at the age of eight. Achebe worked for the secessionist Biafrans during Nigeria's
civil war in the late 1960s. He has devoted his time since then to teaching, as well as inspiring and publishing talented young authors. He has been a catalyst for an
epoch through his many works of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry.
Catch the Word

Directions: Match the words on the left with the meaning on the right column. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
A B
1. Impalpable a. a small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a
surface by shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance
3. Wrinkled b. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed
4. Banner c. incapable of being felt by touch
5. Implacable d. to make an end
6. Extinguished e. flag
Fuel the Thrill

The Voter is a narrative about a main character who needs to choose between contemporary and traditional culture, and he must do it through political campaigns and
elections.
Untwist the Loop
1. Complete the table with the following:
Elements Answers
2. Characters
3. Setting
4. Plot
5. Point of View
6. Conflict
7. Resolution
8. Theme
2. Explain the social and political reasons of why the villagers of Umuofia are reluctant to continue voting for Marcus Ibe?
3. What tactics were applied by Marcus Ibe to make the people continue to vote for him?
4. Roof is a good manipulator in the story. Cite instances where manipulation is evident.
5. Critique the election and political campaign of the story;
6. What can you say about the corruption and bribery in the story;
7. What African cultures are reflected in the story;
8. What is the message of the story;
Let’s Dig Deeper
Chinua Achebe, brings out the evils of our election system and makes a poignant satire on human weakness for power and money in her short story ‘The Voter’. It is
about old practices and monetary enticements colliding to fit out a local village election. It looks into the connection between African culture at the same time revealing
traditional African beliefs and the modernism conflicts as it is introduced by British colonialism. Read the full story of “The Voter” through this link:
http://www.socialiststories.com/en/writers/Achebe-Chinua/The-Voter-Achebe.pdf
Speak your mind
Write an essay on the similarity of the story with our present society in terms of corruption and bribery during election days.
Extend your horizon
Learn more about the African short stories by clicking this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_MkrAr0aao
Literature of Australia and Pacific
Day of Wrath (The Schoolboy's Tale)

Christina Stead
Let’s begin
A. Identify the connection of the place and theme of the story;
B. Evaluate the qualities of the main character and how it affects to theme of the story;
C. Create a pitch out from the story;
D. Summarize the text understudied considering its important elements.
Meet the Author
Christina Stead was born on July 17, 1920 in Rockdale, Sydney, Australia. She was a novelist known for her political insights and firmly controlled but highly individual
style. Her career started as a screenwriter for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios on 1940’s. Later on, she married an American writer who is famous for historical
romances, William Blake. Christina Stead is a feminist writer, among her published works are The Salsburg Tale, Seven Poor Men of Sydney, and The Man Who
Loved Children.
Catch the Word
Provide the meaning of the terms below and use the words in a sentence.
1. Jollity
2. Adultery
3. Tyrannical
4. Commiseration
5. Expurgated
6. Indignant
7. Amidship
8. Lifebouys
9. Voluptuous
10. Frailties
Fuel the Thrill
The Day of Wrath (The Schoolboy's Tale) is a story that portrays real life conflicts presented in a vague way. The story tackles the views of the society towards women
and adultery. Read the full story through this link,
http://sherateworldliteratureselections.blogspot.com/2015/07/day-of-wrath-schoolboys-tale-by.html
Untwist the Loop
1. Place and theme connection.
Describe the place where the story happens. Why is the story entitled “Day of Wrath?” Does this have any significance to the
theme?
2. Identify the external/internal beings of the woman in the story.
Describe the woman mentioned in the story. What did she do? How did her husband and the people around her
react to her action/s?

(Internal & External Qualities)
Let’s Dig Deeper
The Day of Wrath (The Schoolboy's Tale) is a story that centers on the theme of how society views women and adultery. The story happens in Avallon, where the
society’s judgements are based on their social standards. Though the standards set by the society are depriving, they continue to hold up such values.
The story is narrated by a Schoolboy who sees the dignity and worth of the female character. He is diligent and emotional. His observation focuses on the life of
Viola’s mother, brother and Viola herself.
Speak your Mind
Write an argumentative essay on the issue: Adultery: An Act of Immorality.
Extend your Horizon
Create a 2 minutes "pitch" to a producer explaining why the story would or would not make a great movie.
For more ideas in creating a pitch watch the video in this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGX5upBTzwk
Literature of Sweden
Strangely, when you ask anyone's advice you see for yourself what is right.
Selma Lagerlof
The Story of a Story
Selma Lagerlof
Let’s begin

C. Explain how folklore become endangered to extinction;
D. Exhibit one storytelling skills; and
E. Enrich one’s background about the country where the literature originated.
Meet the Author
Selma Lagerlöf is a Swedish author. When she was young, she was raised in Marbacka, the family estate where she enjoyed writing poetry. In 1881, she left their
village for Stockholm to enter a teacher’s college. In 1885, she became a teacher. In 1895, she decided to abandon teaching and focused on writing after receiving
financial assistance from the Royal Family. She travelled to other places such as Italy and Jerusalem. She is known for writing children’s books. Her famous works are
Gösta Berlings Saga, Löwensköldska Ringen, Charlotte Löwensköld, Anna Svärd, The Ring of the Löwenskölds, and Mårbacka
Catch the Word
Directions: Give the meaning of the following words.
1. Parsonages
2. futile
3. bickering
5. hover
6. pervade
7. meekness
8. Realism
9. Romanticism
10. surmised
Fuel the Thrill
Each of us has a story to tell. It may be about ourselves, our family, our neighbor, our community or anything that makes us who we are. It may be magical or real that
mirrors our daily lives, aspirations, fears, beliefs or anything that shapes our lifestyles. Many of them are told but are not written. If those which are orally transmitted,
are in fear of being forgotten, how do you feel about those stories which are forgotten without even being told or written? Do you have a story lurking in your throat,
buried in your heart or suppressed in your mind? Read this story, The Story of a Story and learn about the journey of a story before it is conceived, fleshed and told.
Untwist the loop
Setting
Main Characters
Summary
Conflict
Theme
Point-of-view
2. To whom does the spirit of the story go in hope to be written? What does he/she like to do that makes the story hopeful to be told?
3. How does the writer feel about writing a story? What makes her deprived herself from writing?
4. What does the writer do to make her write?
5. When she has the job which she thinks could help her write a story, what happens to her passion towards writing? How did it happen?
6. How is she able to rekindle her passion towards writing? What process does she go through?
7. When she starts writing, is the process easier? What are the challenges she meets?
8. How does the story, The Story of a Story describe the preservation of folklore preservation?
9. Does the writer become successful in writing the story she loves to write all these years? Explain your answer.
10. How does the story mirror the life of the author herself?
11. What does the story imply about pursuing your dream and prioritizing what you need to do?
Let’s dig deeper
Later Lagerlof started her writing career, and the Nobel Prize for Literature was launched by the Swedish Academy in 1907 in Stockholm, Sweden. The award was
established in honor to Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer, businessman and philanthropist for bequeathing his fortune to the Academy. The Swedish
Academy is guided by their principle, Talent and Taste (Snille Och Smak) which means championing the purity, strength and sublimity of the Swedish language.
Selma Lagerlof is one of the first Swedish to receive the Nobel Prize. In her writing, she became known for her lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception.
This writing characteristic is synonymous to conservative idealism which aims to preserve traditions embedded in culture, aesthetics, social, and political values.
Aside from being the first Swedish woman to receive the said prestigious award, she gained recognition for supporting women's suffrage in Sweden.
Speak your mind
Create an infographics on how to preserve folklore.
Prose of North America

Tell Tale Heart
by Edgar Allan Poe
Let’s Begin

a. Summarize the narrative using a timeline;
b. Deliver the story in your own version and upload it via LMS; and,
c. Present insights gained from the prose.
Meet the Author
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, editor, and literary critic who lived from 1809 to 1849. Poe's poetry and
short stories, especially his tales of mystery and the macabre, are his most well-known works. He was married to Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe (August 15, 1822 –
January 1847). She was 13 years old when she married Poe, and they were first cousins.
One of the most important and prominent American authors of the nineteenth century was Edgar Allan Poe. He was the first writer to attempt to make a living as a
writer. Poe's work was heavily influenced by the events that occurred around him.
Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic who is widely regarded as the father of the modern detective story. He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809. During his lifetime and after his death, his contribution to the science fiction and horror genres earned him a lot of respect and
admiration.
While Edgar Allan Poe was not the first to write horror stories, his literary techniques laid the groundwork for what has become a hugely successful literary genre.
Though many people believe that he is a drunk, the most notable is that he died as a result of complications related to his alcoholism. Poe had been drinking heavily,
according to J.E. Snodgrass, the tavern doctor, and he eventually succumbed to the tremors and delirium that can accompany alcohol withdrawal.
Catch the Word
clues.
1. …with what dissimulation I went to work!
2. …for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye.
3. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers --of my sagacity.
4. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled.
5. …just as I have done, night after night, hearing death watches on the wall.
Fuel the Thrill
One of the common adages states, “No one can ever conceal nor contain a smoke from one’s hands clasped tightly together. It always slips or escapes even through
the tiniest crevice of the hands. ” This reminds us that no crime/sin can be kept secret forever. Though the mortal eyes and judgments may be deceived and tampered
at times, it will never certainly escape the eyes of the One True God. Let us find out how a criminal tries to dissuade and mislead the investigators, yet eventually falls
into his own trap. Read for yourself and find out: https://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/POE/telltale.html or https://www.poemuseum.org/the-tell-tale-heart
Directions: Answer these questions briefly.
1.
Who is the main character in Tell-Tale Heart?
2. Why does the narrator blame the cat for his wife's death?
3. Why was the old man murdered?
4.
Is the narrator a sociopath or a psychopath?
5. How did the murderer dispose of the body?
Untwist the Loop
A timeline is a chart or graph that graphically illustrates a sequence of events that occur over a period of time.
Graphs, diagrams, and tables are used to present data in charts. The mathematical link between groups of data is depicted in graphs. Graphs are one form of chart,
but they aren't the only one; in other words, while all graphs are charts, not all charts are graphs. Here is a video tutorial on how to make a line graph over Microsoft
Excel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PwVWX28dEE.
Now, in relation to the prose in this lesson, the plot (sequence of events) of the story includes several parts, namely: a) exposition; b) complication; c) crisis; d) climax;
e) denouement; f) ending. These are described as follows:
a. Exposition - sets the scene by introducing the situation and settings and likewise lays out the characters by introducing their
environment, characteristics, pursuit, purposes, limitations, potentials, and basic assumptions
b. Complication - the start of the major conflict or problem in the plot
c. Crisis - the part that establishes curiosity, uncertainty, and tension; requires a decision
d. Climax - peak/summit/zenith of the story which leads to an affirmation, a decision, an action, or even a realization; the point of
greatest emotional intensity, interest, as well as suspense
e. Denouement - finishing of things right after the climax, and shows the resolution of the plot
f. Ending - the part that brings its story back to its equilibrium
1.
Identify the six (6) parts of plot in the Tell Tale Heart of Edgar Allan Poe.
2. Based on the plot of the story, make a summary using the 6 parts through a timeline graph. All labels and descriptions MUST BE in the phrase
form. You may use Excel, Power Point, etc formats, though those who are deprived of such technology may opt to draw the graph on a piece of short bond paper. (30
points). Rubric: Content (15); Organization (10); and Conventions (5).
Let’s Dig Deeper
Though, generally, prose is patronized by bookworms when read, we must not undermine the charm of video exploits and trends especially when the speaker is so
engaging and interesting plus the animations. Hence, with the availability of mobile editing apps as the most fundamental vehicle, narrating a story is just “ a click
away” as they say it.
Directions: Take note of the following guidelines:

1. Presuming your gullibility in the arena of story narration, develop the timeline described above (which is in the outline form) into a narrative summary
type;
2. Practice delivering your narrative summary in front of a mobile camera at the least;
3. Reading of the summary is allowed;
4. Dress up formally and record your performance in video format;
5. The length of the recording should be at least 2 -3 minutes;
6. To watch a full sample rendition of this performance, try this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suDgtLVF4WQ; and,
7. Rubric: Voice – (15 pts); Audience Contact – (10 pts); Appropriate Content – (15 pts); Professional Appearance – (10 pts).
Speak your Mind
Every piece of literature is inseparable with discernment which leads one to obtain spiritual guidance and understanding. In fact, a written piece of work which does
otherwise is trash that stinks because it is rubbish.
Now, figure out two (2) major values about: a) being truthful; and, b) mental wellness. Limit your answer to one (1) paragraph each with a maximum of 5 sentences
only. (10 points each). Rubric: Content (5); Organization (3); and Conventions (2).
Extend your Horizon
To read more proses about North America, you may also consider this link: https://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/literature/20-best-american-authors/
Literature of Latin America

“The people of the United States will do anything for Latin America, except read about it.”
― James Barrett Reston, Journalism's Roving Eye: A History of American Foreign Reporting
Let’s begin

1. Read and understand the meaning of the unfamiliar texts in the short story.
2. Analyze the context of the events of the short story.
3. Write a reflection paper about the events that happen in the story.
One of These Days
By Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombia)
Meet the Author
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, familiarly known as “Gabo”, was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist. He was considered one of the most
th
significant authors of the 20 century and one of the best in the Spanish language; he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982
Nobel Prize in Literature. In his early years he was strongly influenced by his grandfather who raised him. He started out as a journalist and had written many
acclaimed nonfiction works, and short stories, but is best-known for his novels, such as One Hundred years of Solitude (1967) and Love in the Time of Cholera (1985).
Some of his works take place in a fictional village called Macondo, and most of them express the theme of solitude.
Catch the Word
Directions: Read the sentences below which bear the words that may be unfamiliar to you. Using context clues, give the meaning of the underlined word.
1. Most men in western countries wear elastic suspenders.
2. A buzzard is flying high waiting for its prey.
3. The cat climbs the roof and sits at the ridgepole, watching the dogs bark.
4. She removes her gray hair using tweezers.
5. The dentist asked his patient to spit in the spittoon.
Fuel the Thrill
One of These Days is a short story by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The literature talks about an event wherein the powerful mayor of a town forced a poor local dentist by
the name Aurelio Escovar to perform an extraction of a tooth. The mayor was very desperate to have his tooth extracted because he was suffering from severe
toothache for many days already. The mayor, using his treats, is able to force Aurelio to perform the procedure but without anesthesia. Read the story through this link
http://www.flashfictiononline.com/pdf/fpublic0007-one-of-these-days-gabriel-garcia-marquez.pdf.
Untwist the Loop
1. Describe the relationship between the dentist and the mayor?
2. Why does Marquez begin with such detailed descriptions of the office and the dentist?
3. What can we infer about the dentist based on these descriptions?
4. What other details about the scene catch your attention? What do you think they symbolize?
a. The dentist’s clothing
b. The buzzards
c. The spider web
d. The son
e. The tooth
5. Why do you believe the dentist possesses a gun?
6. Why did the dentist refuse to help the mayor at first? Did the dentist have any choice about treating the mayor? Explain.
7. What reason did the dentist give for not using anesthesia? Do you think he was telling the truth?
8. What political statements do you believe the author makes with the story?
9. What do the mayor’s words mean in the last sentence when he says “It’s the same damn thing”?
Let’s Dig Deeper
One of These Days is a story of a dentist and a politician, a mayor, who forced him to extract a tooth which eventually bothered him for days already. And because of
that the dentist had no choice but to remove a tooth without using anesthesia since he threatened him. With these elements together, the author, Gabriel Garcia
Marquez masterfully tells the story to the readers and by careful use of words is able to convey a deeper meaning to the interaction of both characters in the story.
There are three themes pointed out by the author in the story: power, professionalism, and corruption. At the beginning of the story, readers are able to understand the
economic status of the dentist, Aurelio Escovar, wherein he is poor and his office/clinic lacks the necessary sanitation and supplies. On the other hand, there is also
the mayor who currently holds political power over its people. Even if individuals have contrasting status, power arguably forces each one to have and exercise
control. In the story, Aurelio exercised power over the mayor when he was extracting his tooth. Despite having control for a brief period of time, readers can still
recognize the ability of a person to corrupt and use its advantage. The choice of Aurelio, for instance, not to administer anesthesia is one way to demonstrate the
advantage over power.
Another theme implied in the story is the professionalism of the dentist in fulfilling his role. Despite having limited supplies, still he remains to be qualified to administer
the procedure. Though Aurelio Escovar had full control over the mayor, he did not use it to take advantage of revenge or the interest of political resistance, instead, he
fulfilled his obligation as a dentist effectively. This shows professionalism from the point of view of the author.
Finally, the author puts forward the theme around the cyclical nature of corruption as it occurs in society. This message is depicted by using the rotten tooth as a
symbolism. Central in the argument is the reality that unless people stand up against corruption, the cycle would continue. Like the mayor who abused the people by
using his power, the same can also be seen with how the dentist manipulated his position to his advantage and did his best to make the mayor feel the pain of the
procedure.
To sum up, ‘One of These Days’ provides a simple yet mind awakening piece about power and its nature to exercise corruption. The characters are exactly opposite in
status and viewpoints but both show instances where abuses and corruption of their roles are exercised. As readers dig deeper into the lessons, they are able to
understand the metaphor of the rotten tooth and how it remains difficult to extract something that has been so rooted in our system. Clearly, it is one of these days that
the dentist was able to do so both literally and figuratively.
Speak your mind

Write a reflection about the themes implied in the story and how it relates to our present situation. You may limit your reflection to 500 words in a short size bond
paper.
Extend your horizon
To learn more about the history and political background of Colombia, you can visit this link below for additional input.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjUiCuX6kiw

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Travel the World through Flipping the Pages:

A Module for World Literature

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE, ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND CLASSIFICATION

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

Catch the Word

II: Guide Questions for Discussion.

The Literature of Australia and The Pacific

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

Plot Parts Key Events (In keywords/phrases)

Let’s Dig Deeper

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

Persona Matsuo Basho

Voice Tranquil or calm

Speak your mind

a. Paraphrase the poetry;

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

clearly narrated in the poem.

Speak your mind

By Percy Bysshe Shelley

Fuel the Thrill

the audience in the

2. Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, Where

had the traveler come

3. Tell that its sculptor well those passions read What

had he seen there?

the expression on the

5. And on the pedestal, these words appear: What

does the poet mean by

6. Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! What

literary device does the

should Ozymandias refer to himself as ‘King of Kings’?

Extend your Horizon

Literature of United States of America

Figures of speech of the given phrase

Theme/Vision “hope” is the thing with feathers is a

The Poetry of Latin America

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

A. give the emphasis of the poem;

Catch the Word

surface by shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance

2. Wrinkled b. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed or

3. Banner c. incapable of being felt by touch

4. Implacable d. to make an end

Fuel the Thrill

Speak your mind

Philippine Short Story

Meet the Author

II: Guide Questions for Discussion.

Let’s Dig Deeper

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

A. identify the theme of the story;

epoch through his many works of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry.

Catch the Word

4. Banner c. incapable of being felt by touch

5. Implacable d. to make an end

Fuel the Thrill

Literature of Australia and Pacific

Day of Wrath (The Schoolboy's Tale)

Catch the Word

Untwist the Loop

1. Place and theme connection.

2. Identify the external/internal beings of the woman in the story.