Results

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Model fit

Chi-square test

Model Χ² df p

Baseline model 1418.164 190

Factor model 1020.142 170 < .001

Additional fit measures

Fit indices

Index Value

Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.308

Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.226
Bentler-Bonett Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI) 0.226
Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI) 0.281
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) 0.251
Bollen's Relative Fit Index (RFI) 0.196
Bollen's Incremental Fit Index (IFI) 0.319
Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI) 0.308

Information criteria

Value

Log-likelihood −2696.337
Number of free parameters 40.000
Akaike (AIC) 5472.673
Bayesian (BIC) 5584.173
Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SSABIC) 5457.712

Other fit measures

Metric Value

Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.204

RMSEA 90% CI lower bound 0.192
RMSEA 90% CI upper bound 0.216
RMSEA p-value 0.000
Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.238
Hoelter's critical N (α = .05) 24.694
Hoelter's critical N (α = .01) 26.386
Goodness of fit index (GFI) 0.422
McDonald fit index (MFI) 0.029
Expected cross validation index (ECVI) 9.168

R-Squared

R²

M1 0.581
M2 0.045
M3 0.018
M4 0.021
M5 0.022
M6 0.621
M7 0.003
M8 0.007
M9 0.018
M10 0.003
M11 0.478
M12 0.592
M13 0.109
M14 0.001
M15 0.011
M16 0.014
M17 0.074
M18 0.502
M19 0.196
M20 0.595
Parameter estimates

Factor loadings

95% Confidence Interval

Factor Indicator Symbol Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

Factor 1 M1 λ11 0.632 0.067 9.485 < .001 0.501 0.762

M2 λ12 −0.142 0.063 −2.235 0.025 −0.266 −0.017
M3 λ13 −0.120 0.085 −1.412 0.158 −0.288 0.047
M4 λ14 −0.113 0.074 −1.522 0.128 −0.258 0.032
M5 λ15 0.115 0.074 1.556 0.120 −0.030 0.259
M6 λ16 −0.717 0.072 −9.948 < .001 −0.858 −0.576
M7 λ17 0.044 0.081 0.550 0.582 −0.114 0.203
M8 λ18 −0.058 0.065 −0.887 0.375 −0.186 0.070
M9 λ19 0.101 0.072 1.406 0.160 −0.040 0.242
M10 λ110 0.041 0.077 0.540 0.590 −0.109 0.191
M11 λ111 −0.624 0.075 −8.283 < .001 −0.772 −0.477
M12 λ112 0.686 0.071 9.614 < .001 0.546 0.826
M13 λ113 −0.286 0.081 −3.528 < .001 −0.445 −0.127
M14 λ114 −0.028 0.077 −0.358 0.720 −0.179 0.124
M15 λ115 0.084 0.076 1.096 0.273 −0.066 0.233
M16 λ116 0.084 0.067 1.251 0.211 −0.048 0.216
M17 λ117 −0.204 0.071 −2.876 0.004 −0.344 −0.065
M18 λ118 0.652 0.076 8.564 < .001 0.503 0.801
M19 λ119 0.355 0.073 4.844 < .001 0.211 0.498
M20 λ120 0.715 0.074 9.650 < .001 0.570 0.860

Factor variances

95% Confidence Interval

Factor Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

Factor 1 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000

Residual variances

95% Confidence Interval

Indicator Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

M1 0.287 0.044 6.460 < .001 0.200 0.375

M2 0.423 0.055 7.703 < .001 0.315 0.531
M3 0.774 0.100 7.729 < .001 0.578 0.970
M4 0.584 0.076 7.726 < .001 0.436 0.732
M5 0.576 0.075 7.725 < .001 0.430 0.722
M6 0.314 0.050 6.226 < .001 0.215 0.413
M7 0.701 0.090 7.743 < .001 0.523 0.878
M8 0.457 0.059 7.739 < .001 0.342 0.573
M9 0.550 0.071 7.729 < .001 0.410 0.689
M10 0.628 0.081 7.743 < .001 0.469 0.787
M11 0.427 0.062 6.903 < .001 0.305 0.548
M12 0.324 0.051 6.399 < .001 0.225 0.423
M13 0.668 0.087 7.634 < .001 0.496 0.839
M14 0.641 0.083 7.745 < .001 0.479 0.803
M15 0.623 0.081 7.736 < .001 0.465 0.781
M16 0.484 0.063 7.733 < .001 0.362 0.607
M17 0.523 0.068 7.673 < .001 0.389 0.657
M18 0.422 0.062 6.816 < .001 0.301 0.544
M19 0.517 0.069 7.523 < .001 0.383 0.652
M20 0.347 0.054 6.381 < .001 0.241 0.454

Implied covariance matrix

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17

0.686
−0.090 0.443
−0.076 0.017 0.788
−0.071 0.016 0.014 0.597
0.072 −0.016 −0.014 −0.013 0.589
−0.453 0.102 0.086 0.081 −0.082 0.828
0.028 −0.006 −0.005 −0.005 0.005 −0.032 0.703
−0.037 0.008 0.007 0.007 −0.007 0.042 −0.003 0.461
0.064 −0.014 −0.012 −0.011 0.012 −0.072 0.004 −0.006 0.560
0.026 −0.006 −0.005 −0.005 0.005 −0.030 0.002 −0.002 0.004 0.630
−0.394 0.089 0.075 0.070 −0.072 0.448 −0.028 0.036 −0.063 −0.026 0.816
0.433 −0.097 −0.083 −0.077 0.079 −0.492 0.031 −0.040 0.069 0.028 −0.428 0.794
−0.181 0.041 0.034 0.032 −0.033 0.205 −0.013 0.017 −0.029 −0.012 0.179 −0.196 0.749
−0.017 0.004 0.003 0.003 −0.003 0.020 −0.001 0.002 −0.003 −0.001 0.017 −0.019 0.008 0.642
0.053 −0.012 −0.010 −0.009 0.010 −0.060 0.004 −0.005 0.008 0.003 −0.052 0.057 −0.024 −0.002 0.630
0.053 −0.012 −0.010 −0.010 0.010 −0.060 0.004 −0.005 0.009 0.003 −0.053 0.058 −0.024 −0.002 0.007 0.492
−0.129 0.029 0.025 0.023 −0.023 0.147 −0.009 0.012 −0.021 −0.008 0.128 −0.140 0.058 0.006 −0.017 −0.017 0.5
0.412 −0.092 −0.079 −0.074 0.075 −0.468 0.029 −0.038 0.066 0.027 −0.407 0.447 −0.187 −0.018 0.055 0.055 −0.1
0.224 −0.050 −0.043 −0.040 0.041 −0.254 0.016 −0.021 0.036 0.015 −0.222 0.243 −0.102 −0.010 0.030 0.030 −0.0
0.452 −0.101 −0.086 −0.081 0.082 −0.513 0.032 −0.041 0.072 0.030 −0.446 0.490 −0.204 −0.020 0.060 0.060 −0.1
Residual covariance matrix

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17

< .001
< .001 < .001
0.097 < .001 < .001
0.107 0.092 0.182 < .001
0.142 0.047 0.299 0.281 < .001
0.002 0.088 0.097 0.030 0.053 < .001
< .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001
0.086 0.171 0.163 0.111 0.223 0.068 < .001 < .001
0.101 0.113 0.271 0.137 0.391 0.066 < .001 0.285 < .001
0.068 0.197 0.076 0.168 0.222 0.090 < .001 0.286 0.238 < .001
0.017 < .001 0.039 0.031 0.027 0.022 0.035 0.003 < .001 0.077 < .001
0.026 0.051 0.008 < .001 < .001 0.011 0.027 < .001 < .001 0.042 0.014 < .001
0.115 0.082 0.275 0.186 0.245 < .001 < .001 0.096 0.181 0.063 0.013 < .001 < .001
0.107 0.009 0.130 0.208 0.260 < .001 < .001 0.112 0.223 0.121 < .001 < .001 0.269 < .001
0.136 0.096 0.356 0.221 0.439 0.033 < .001 0.229 0.433 0.192 0.026 < .001 0.264 0.274 < .001
0.044 0.128 0.187 0.184 0.333 0.045 < .001 0.170 0.284 0.271 0.055 0.031 0.120 0.146 0.369 < .001
< .001 0.154 0.115 0.054 0.083 0.140 < .001 0.124 0.113 0.244 0.097 0.026 < .001 0.048 0.115 0.149 < .0
0.024 0.063 < .001 0.006 < .001 0.005 0.105 0.022 < .001 0.038 0.015 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 0.0
< .001 < .001 0.148 0.052 < .001 < .001 0.036 < .001 0.006 < .001 0.002 < .001 0.022 0.111 0.017 < .001 0.0
0.002 0.048 0.018 < .001 0.067 0.047 < .001 0.049 0.098 0.108 < .001 0.023 0.017 0.050 0.044 0.104 0.1
Modification Indices
Residual covariances

Mod. Ind. EPC

M9 ↔ M15 65.811 0.434

M5 ↔ M15 64.748 0.441
M5 ↔ M9 58.329 0.393
M15 ↔ M16 54.261 0.370
M7 ↔ M9 51.645 −0.408
M5 ↔ M16 48.029 0.335
M8 ↔ M9 38.898 0.286
M7 ↔ M16 38.426 −0.330
M5 ↔ M7 36.740 −0.352
M9 ↔ M16 36.457 0.285
M7 ↔ M15 34.494 −0.355
M8 ↔ M10 34.228 0.286
M3 ↔ M15 31.662 0.357
M10 ↔ M16 28.932 0.271
M4 ↔ M5 28.333 0.282
M7 ↔ M10 24.817 −0.302
M3 ↔ M5 24.123 0.300
M5 ↔ M8 22.800 0.224
M14 ↔ M15 22.656 0.275
M8 ↔ M15 22.215 0.230
M5 ↔ M14 22.068 0.261
M10 ↔ M17 21.991 0.247
M3 ↔ M9 20.849 0.272
M13 ↔ M14 20.657 0.273
M2 ↔ M7 20.610 −0.226
M13 ↔ M15 20.459 0.268
M9 ↔ M10 19.771 0.239
M5 ↔ M13 19.113 0.250
M7 ↔ M8 19.031 −0.226
M4 ↔ M7 18.845 −0.254
M7 ↔ M14 18.455 −0.263
M2 ↔ M8 18.242 0.172
M6 ↔ M17 18.031 0.176
M3 ↔ M13 17.804 0.279
M2 ↔ M10 17.601 0.198
M1 ↔ M5 17.441 0.170
M12 ↔ M14 17.268 −0.190
M9 ↔ M14 16.975 0.223
M5 ↔ M10 16.349 0.222
M4 ↔ M15 16.204 0.222
M8 ↔ M16 15.744 0.171
M1 ↔ M15 14.891 0.163
M7 ↔ M13 14.378 −0.239
M4 ↔ M16 14.363 0.184
M4 ↔ M14 13.940 0.209
M2 ↔ M17 12.999 0.156
M10 ↔ M15 11.277 0.192
M3 ↔ M16 11.208 0.187
M17 ↔ M20 11.060 0.143
M9 ↔ M13 10.897 0.184
M4 ↔ M13 10.819 0.189
M16 ↔ M17 10.607 0.151
M13 ↔ M18 10.215 −0.167
M1 ↔ M13 10.184 0.141
M7 ↔ M17 9.917 −0.175
M1 ↔ M4 9.877 0.129
M2 ↔ M16 9.655 0.129
M1 ↔ M9 9.386 0.122
M16 ↔ M20 9.283 0.126
M4 ↔ M10 9.252 0.168
M3 ↔ M8 9.083 0.164
M1 ↔ M14 8.977 0.128
M3 ↔ M4 8.858 0.183
M2 ↔ M19 8.829 −0.129
M2 ↔ M6 8.749 0.110
M14 ↔ M16 8.271 0.146
M1 ↔ M8 8.043 0.103
M10 ↔ M20 7.834 0.131
M8 ↔ M17 7.735 0.125
M9 ↔ M20 7.322 0.119
M4 ↔ M9 7.063 0.138
M7 ↔ M20 6.889 −0.130
M3 ↔ M19 6.752 0.152
M2 ↔ M9 6.638 0.114
M6 ↔ M10 6.146 0.112
M1 ↔ M3 6.099 0.116
M3 ↔ M6 5.760 0.120
M11 ↔ M17 5.703 0.110
M4 ↔ M8 5.509 0.111
M13 ↔ M16 5.407 0.122
M9 ↔ M17 5.395 0.114
M8 ↔ M14 5.153 0.112
M7 ↔ M18 5.052 0.119
M15 ↔ M17 4.896 0.116
M6 ↔ M8 4.801 0.084
M3 ↔ M7 4.791 −0.147
M14 ↔ M19 4.632 0.115
M8 ↔ M19 4.495 −0.096
M6 ↔ M20 4.415 0.085
M10 ↔ M14 4.351 0.121
M2 ↔ M15 4.218 0.097
M1 ↔ M19 4.174 −0.081
M3 ↔ M14 4.130 0.131
 Residual covariances

Mod. Ind. EPC

M2 ↔ M4 4.114 0.092
M10 ↔ M19 4.033 −0.106
M3 ↔ M17 3.988 0.117
M1 ↔ M7 3.939 −0.089
M5 ↔ M18 3.880 −0.095

Plots

Model plot

Model syntax

# Factors
Factor1 =~ lambda_1_1*M1 + lambda_1_2*M2 + lambda_1_3*M3 + lambda_1_4*M4 +
lambda_1_5*M5 + lambda_1_6*M6 + lambda_1_7*M7 + lambda_1_8*M8 + lambda_1_9*M9
+ lambda_1_10*M10 + lambda_1_11*M11 + lambda_1_12*M12 + lambda_1_13*M13 +
lambda_1_14*M14 + lambda_1_15*M15 + lambda_1_16*M16 + lambda_1_17*M17 +
lambda_1_18*M18 + lambda_1_19*M19 + lambda_1_20*M20