LAW FORCE & FRICTION Basic steps for applying Newton's Laws ‘The following procedure is recommended when dealing with probl + Drawasimple, neat diagram of the system to help conceptualize the problem, + Ifany acceleration component is zero, the particle isin equilibrium in this direction and SF = 0. Ifnot the particle is undergoing an acceleration, the problem is one of non-equilibrium in this direction and SP= mi. : . _Tsolate the object whose motion is being analyzed.Draw a free-body diagram for this object. For systems containing more than one object, draw separate free-body diagrams for each object. Donot include in the free-body diagram, forces exerted by the object on its surroundings, + Establish (8824. Apply Newton’s second law, ZF =ma, in component form. Check your dimensions to make surey that all termshhave units of fores. * Solve the component equations for the unknowns, Remember that you musthave as many independent . om sure, your results are consistent with the free-bods liagram. Also check the predictions of your ston forexteme vale ofthe varies Bydoag wo youcaa oem dstetenorsingou esac Spring Force We know thatthe more foree we apply toa spring, the more it stretches. Fr a spring that obeys Hooke’s law, the extension of the spring is proportional to the se If we stretch spring by a x from its equilibrium position, it applies a restoring force F, fowards its equilbrium position, which is proportional tox, given by Fekx Here kis proportionality constant, known as spring constant or stiffness. A spring has tendecy of restoring its equilibrium position, thus whether we stretch it or compress, italways opposes the external force in the direction towards its equilibrium position, One more point isto be noted i that, a spring applies restoring force equally at both ofits ends, doesn’t matter whether an end is fixed or not. If we look at FBD of spring we will, - note that equal force on spring must act. —— —~T 0000000000000 —— —» Somboth efit. x isthe elongation in spring P-F=m xa (spring is massless, m, > 0) ‘therefore, FeF In figure anend ofthe springs fxedto wall and otheris pulled by applying force. As the restoring force is directly proportional to the deformation init, for stretching it by'x, we apply a force F on itand for stretching itto double the length (2x), we have to apply a force double of the previous value i.e. 2F. Let’s say Ram & Shyam are pulling a spring from two ends as shown in figure Ram moves x, and Shyam movesx,.