Multiplexed Transmission Systems 2nd Laboratory

QPSK MODULATED SIGNALS GENERATION

I. Practical work

I. QPSK Modulation/Demodulation

I.1 The modulation scheme for QPSK is made in fig 1. We’ll take the blocks:
 from “Sources” library- blocul “Random Number” (data generator);
 from “Math” library- “Sign” block (calcuate the sign of the signal);
 from “Math” library- “Sum” block;
 from “Sources” library- “Constant” block (constant signal generator);
 from “Math” library - “Gain” block (amplifier with 0.5);
 from library “Sources”- “Pulse Generator” block;
 from “Nonlinear” library- “Zero Order Hold” (sampling block);
 from “Blockset&Toolboxes”/”DSP blockset”/”Signal Operations” library-
“Sample and Hold” block (memorising block);
 from “Sources” library- “Sine Wave” block (local oscillator);
 from “Math” library- “Product” block (multiplying block);
 from “Sinks” library- “Scope” block;
 from “Blockset&Toolboxes”/”DSP blockset”/”DSP sinks” library- “Spectrum
Scope” (spectrum analyzer).

The parameters are: simulation time - 10s, Max Step Size=0,01, Minimum step
size =0.001, Initial Step Size = 0,01. For Random Number: mean=0 and
variance=1, sample time=bit period=1s. For Pulse Generator sample time=symbol
period=2s (symbol period= double bit period). Sampling period before Fourier
Transform is equal to the maximum sample time (sample time=0.01). For Spectrum
Scope:
 buffer size: 512 ;
 FFT length: 512.

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a) For the shape in time of the signal we choose carrier frequency 2Hz. The
carrier’s generator for quadrature components must be delayed with 90 0 from the
phase ones. Data for phase components are sampled and memorised on the positive
front of the symbol clock and the quadrature component on the negative one so that
the even data are trasmitted on phase components and the odd ones on the
quadrature components in an alternative way (offsett QPSK). See and draw the
signal in after the pulse generator, aftre the two sample and hold circuits (scope2)
and after the adder, comparing with the original data (Scope 1).

Fig. 1.4. QPSK Modulation Scheme

b) For signal in spectral domain the frequency of the carrier phase is 10 Hz. See
and draw the spectrum of the signal in afcter one of the sample and hold circuits
and at the output, inserting the FFT Scopes.

Fig.1. QPSK modulator

I.2. The carrier recover scheme is built as shown in fig. 2. For this we use the
QPSK signal generator block from 1.1. which is grouped like a subsystem Edit /
Create Subsystem option). The QPSK output correspondes to the modulated signal
in (7) and Purt to the cosine type carrier. The block used are:

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 For multiplying the signal 4 times with itself – from “Functions and Tables”
library- “Function” block (or for multiplying the signal twice with itself – from
“Math” library, “Math function” block);
 For passband filters– from “Blockset&Toolboxes”/”DSP blockset”/”Filtering”/
“Filter Designs” library- “Analog filter design” block;
 For amplification – from “Math” library- “Gain” block;
 Limitation block +1/-1- – from “Math” ” library “Sign” block;
 The JK bistables used for division with 2– from “Blockset&Toolboxes” /
”Simulink Extras”/”Flip Flops” library- “J-K Flip Flop” block;

Simulation parameters are: bit period 1 s; symbol period 2 s, carrier frequency

f0=10Hz. The first passband filter has the order 10 and the limit band frequencies
are and ; the second filter has the order 10
and the limit band frequencies and . We choose
f0=10Hz, the frequency used for the two sine waves at the modulator in figure 1.
Compare the recovered carrier with the one generated at the transmitter.

Fig.2. QPSK carrier recovery

I.3. For thedemodulation scheme use the data from I.1.b. (

) and the recover carrier scheme the data from I.2.a. The
QPSK demodulator is built like in fig. 3 (for making the recover carrier block use
Edit / Create Subsystem option). The Mod_QPSK is just like the one from the
anterior point, where additional outputs Date_F coressponding to data in phase,

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Date_Q for quadrature data, Date for data coming from the source (point (1)) and
CK_s for clock generator output. In the recover carrier block the output Purt_Ref is
for the recover carrier. To compare the signals from the demodulation scheme
output with the original ones we can put at the output data in phase and data in
quadrature, original data and symbol clock. The block for delaying the local
recover scheme with 900 (“transport delay”) is in “Nonlinear” library and the
logical operators in “Math” library. Temporar delay is coressponding to the 4th part
ofthe carrier period . If f0=10, T0=1/f0=0.1 so . The Tho low-pass
filters have the cut off frequency 5 to 10 Hz and order larger then 5.

Fig.3.

Compare the inphase and quadrature data with the one recovered by the receiver in
Scope and scope 1. What do you observe.