NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – MANILA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

Assignment#1 – Introduction to Surveying, Mistakes and Errors

1. Define Surveying on your own words

 Surveying is the method and science of accurately finding out the positions of points and
the distances and angles between them. These points are frequently, but not always,
associated with locations on the earth's surface. They are frequently used to draw land
maps and delineate property lines.

2. What is the importance of surveying especially in the field of civil engineering?

 Surveys are used in the planning, construction, and maintenance of all civil engineering
projects. A thorough survey of the target area is usually required to determine its exact
boundaries and to ensure the safety of any buildings or other structures built there.

3. Five measurements were made to determine the length of a line and recorded as follows: 350.33
m, 350.22 m, 350.30 m, 350.27 m, and 350.30 m. If these measurements were given weights of 4,
5, 1, 4, and 6, respectively, the most probable value of the length measured is?

Measured Length (X) Assigned weight (W) P=X(W)

350.33 m 4 1401.32
350.22 m 5 1751.1
350.30 m 3 1050.9
350.27 m 4 1401.08
350.30 m 6 2101.8
22 7707.2

mpv= 7707.2 / 22
mpv= 350.33m

4. From the measured value of distance XY, the following trials were recorded:

Trials Distance, m
1 120.68 m
2 120.84 m
3 120.76 m
4 120.64 m

Determine the following:

i. Most probable length of XY.
i mpv= 120.68 m +120.84 m +120.76 m +120.64 m
4
mpv= 120.73m
ii. Probable error of single measurement.
v1 =120.68−120.73=−0. 05

Prepared by: Civil Engineering Department |CESURV30 ENGR. EARL JAN JUGUETA
 v 2=120.84−1 20.73=+ 0.11
v3 =120.76−1 20.73=+0.0 3
v 4=1 20.64−120.73=−0.0 9
0
2 2
v1 =(−0.05) =0.0 025 v3 =(+0.03)2=0.0009
2

2 2 2 2
v 2 =(+0.11) =0. 0121 v 4 ¿(−0.0 9) =0.00 81

2 2 2 2 2
Σ v =v 1 + v 2 + v 3 + v 4
2
Σ v =0.0025+ 0.0121+0.0009+ 0.00 81
2
Σ v =0.02 36

√ √
2
Σv 0.02 36
PE s =±0.6745 =± 0.6745 =± 0.0 6 m
n−1 4−1

iii. Probable error of the mean.

√ √
2
Σv 0.02 36
PE m=± 0.6745 =± 0.6745 =± 0.0 3 m
n (n−1) 4 (4−1)

iv. Relative precision.

PE s 0.0 6 1
RP s= = =
mpv 1 20.73 3 0000

PE m 0.0 3 1
RP m= = =
mpv 1 20.73 6 0000

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