PROCESS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM of every ORGAN

First -> the food is ingested, chewed, and swallowed refers to the entry of food into the

digestive tract through the mouth. (There, the food is chewed and mixed with saliva)

Muscle contractions propel them through the digestive tract, physically breaking

them down into tiny particles (digestion).

Digestive fluids chemically break down nutrients from food into molecules that are small
enough to absorb, the process in which nutrients pass through the walls of the digestive tract
to the blood vessels and allows nutrients to be transported to the blood throughout the body.

Finally, during defecation, non-digestible or non-usable substances are eliminated as external

waste.

MILEY’S SURGERY INFO

Miley had colon cancer 3 years ago and had her colon surgically removed, which is

called a colectomy. A colectomy is a surgery to remove all or only parts of the colon.

The surgeon removes a part of the colon that contains the cancer along with a small

segment of a normal colon on both sides.

Usually, a quarter to a third of the colon is removed, depends on the location and size of the
cancer.

Colectomy can be done in two ways:

- Open colectomy: The surgery is done through a single incision made in the abdomen
(stomach region).
- Laparoscopic colectomy: The surgery is performed through minor incisions and special
instruments.

Once the patient recovers, another operation will be performed to reattach the ends of the
colon

After a colectomy, the colon's ability to absorb water decreases for a period.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOOD POISONING – ALERGY - INTOLORANCE

An allergy, to even small amounts of the food can trigger a variety of symptoms, which can be severe or
life-threatening.

In contrast, a food intolerance often affects only the digestive system and causes less severe symptoms.

Allergy and poisoning are different things, while allergy is a personal matter of reaction to any
substance, whether it is poisonous or not.

On the other hand, toxicity is general for any person, that is, if there is a food that contains a toxic
substance, everyone who eats it will have adverse effects and in an extreme case, death.
TEST TO DECIDE THE DIAGNOSTIC:

A blood tests. It can measure the immune system's response to a particular food, as it measures an
antibody, that is linked to allergies.

For this test, a blood sample is taken at the doctor's office and sent to a medical laboratory. There are
many factors you can observe to be able to conclude a diagnosis, your symptoms, your family history
of allergies, a physical examination, how the problem has affected you physically.

Different tests such as: a skin test can determine your reaction to a particular food on the skin

An elimination diet that consists of eliminating suspect foods from your diet for a week or two, although
this is not a very reliable method of determining the food.

Oral food challenge test is when you will be given small amounts of the food suspected of causing your
symptoms, which will then be increased. If you don't have a reaction during this test, you may be able to
add the food back into your die.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

THE DIFFERENCES OF BREATHING AND RESPIRATION:

Breathing could be defined as an action of air moving across the surface of a respiratory structure such
as lungs to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide of the respiration process.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION?
Aerobic is a process takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. It can be observed in all
types of eukaryotic cells

Anaerobic takes place in the absence of oxygen and can generally be observed in human muscles cells.

HOW AND WHERE GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS?

Air enters through the nose or mouth through the airways to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
Thus, oxygen passes into the blood and is transported to all cells. This gas exchange occurs inside the
lungs.

WHAT ARE THE CAPILLARIES AND DIFFUSION?

Capillaries: The smallest type of blood vessel. It connects an arteriole (small artery) with a venule (small
vein) to form a network of blood vessels in almost every part of the body.

Diffusion: The process by which gas exchange is carried out through the alveolar capillary area, it’s
function is to provide oxygen to the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide produced by aerobic and
anaerobic metabolism.

THE VENTILATION PROCESS AND WHETHER YOUR SURGERY COULD BE THE CAUSE OF THE CURRENT
PROBLEM.

Ventilation is the mechanical process that moves air in and out of the lungs.

It is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration(inhalation) and out of the lungs during
expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the
gases inside the lungs. Since the oxygen concentration of the air is higher in the lungs than in the blood,
oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood.

THE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN A CIGARETTE AND THEIR EFFECTS.

Some of its substances are ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, propane, methane, acetone,
hydrogen cyanide, and various carcinogens. It produces fatigue, cough, and expectoration.

Nicotine acts on the areas of the brain, it also acts on the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate
and the possibility of arrhythmias and can also cause cancer.

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKING?

▪ It produces fatigue, cough, and expectoration.

▪ Stains on the teeth, infections, and dental caries.

▪ Bad breath and bad body odor due to the impregnation of the smell of tobacco.

▪ Yellowish spots on nails and fingers.

▪ Have higher probabilities of having cancer.

HEALTHY HABITS. To keep your respiratory system (and especially your lungs) healthy

▪ Don't smoke:

▪ Avoid harmful environmental factors such as smoke, dust, and chemicals

▪ Get outside

▪ Eat a healthy diet

▪ Hydration

▪ Maintain a healthy weight

▪ Have an active lifestyle