Graduate School

Name: Yashafei Wynona A. Calvan

Subject: SS 213, A.Y 2022-2023

Part I. Do some readings and answer the following questions.

1. What is sexism?
Sexism is linked to beliefs around the fundamental nature of women and men and the roles they should play in
society. Sexist assumptions about women and men, which manifest themselves as gender stereotypes, can rank
one gender as superior to another. Such hierarchical thinking can be conscious and hostile, or it can be
unconscious, manifesting itself as unconscious bias. Sexism can touch everyone, but women are particularly
affected. Sexism is linked to power in that those with power are typically treated with favor and those without
power are typically discriminated against. Sexism is also related to stereotypes since discriminatory actions or
attitudes are frequently based on false beliefs or generalizations about gender, and on considering gender as
relevant where it is not.
2. What are some examples of sexism that you can observe in the Philippine society?
 Evaluating women less positively than men (e.g. in job application and promotion processes).
 Ignoring and talking over women.
 Side-lining women in social and work networks.
 Seemingly harmless comments about women, such as that they are naturally better at collaborating,
detailed work, child care, cooking or shopping.
 Not offering women work opportunities out of misplaced concern that they may not be able to manage it
(e.g. assuming that women can’t travel or work in male-dominated or heavy industries).
 Choosing women for stereotypical assignments or tasks such as taking meeting notes, getting tea or coffee
or cleaning up the room after meetings.
 Unwelcome remarks about a woman’s body or clothing.
3. What are the impacts of sexism:
a. in the work place?
Sexism is inefficient
Sexist assumptions and practices can hold employees back and channel them into the wrong roles. Women may be
shut out of senior positions or diverted into roles seen to require stereotypically ‘feminine’ skills. Men have been
found to rapidly leave jobs dominated by women due to social stigma, with some preferring unemployment. This is a
waste of human resources.

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines Telefax: (077) 772-3051
E-mail address: gs@mmsu.edu.ph Facebook page: www.facebook.com/MMSUGraduateSchool
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Sexism harms employees

Sexist expectations and behavior have been shown to negatively affect employees’ performance, sense of belonging,
mental health and job satisfaction. Sexist behavior and practices, when frequent and normalized, have been shown
to be as detrimental to employees’ occupational well-being as sexual harassment.
b. in school between students?
In schools, young women and girls who are targets of sexism and sexist violence may lose self-esteem and feel
ashamed and unsure of themselves. They may feel powerless, afraid and angry, yet may internalize the anger having
been taught that the emotion is unfeminine.
These painful and confusing feelings may lead to a range of indicators that young women are in difficulty. Internalized
anger may lead to depression and other mental health problems, and to self-destructive behaviors such as eating
disorders, drug and alcohol abuse and self-harm. Teachers may notice that some young women are quieter in class,
that they are hesitant to share their opinions, to express themselves, or to speak out in class, especially in mixed-
gender situations. They may hold back and be reluctant to participate in school activities. Early experiences of
sexism and sexist violence may lead to a cycle of violence, as women and girls learn to undervalue themselves and
their worth.
c. in your community?
A person’s sex is assigned at birth based on biological traits, such as genitalia and chromosomes. Gender involves
how a person feels and self-identifies. Gender also exists as a social construct. This consists of societal and cultural
roles and norms considered appropriate for various genders. Any action, speech, law, practice, or media
representation that places a higher value on one gender or sex over another is sexist. This applies whether the
person or institution meant to cause harm or not.
Worldwide, sexism affects women and girls most often. This is because in most cultures, being male or masculine is
more highly valued than being female or feminine.
Sexism also affects people who were not assigned female at birth but who express themselves in a way that people
perceive as feminine. This includes trans and gender-expansive individuals. It is possible to be sexist toward men.
However, because men possess more power and status in most countries, the harm that they experience is usually
an indirect result of sexism toward women.
For example, if a person believes that women are weaker than men, they may feel that they have to be strong or
tough at all times — even if this means risking their health or participating in violence.

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines Telefax: (077) 772-3051
E-mail address: gs@mmsu.edu.ph Facebook page: www.facebook.com/MMSUGraduateSchool
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Part II. Choose from your colleagues one who will soon to retire (55-65 years old) and one who is newly employed
(22-35 years old) and interview them making use of the following questions?
1. How do you see your older colleagues who will be retiring soon?
- The older teachers are very well versed in their fields of expertise; they follow certain process of works and
they function in a more traditional way. Although there are some advances made- some of our seasoned
teachers can cope at a certain extent but not fully. They are good in coaching and mentoring.
2. How do you see your younger colleagues who are recently employed?
- The younger teachers are very much exploratory and self- help. They are very much inclined to the ICT
advancements of teaching, they are more out spoken.
3. How does their age reflect their performances in the workplace?
- People tend to lose their hearing as they age. Even though hearing aids can help, some older people may avoid
using them because they are expensive or uncomfortable. Consequently, an older person's work performance may
be impaired if her job requires her to listen to oral instructions or do presentations from which people ask her a lot of
questions. Since communication is an important skill on most jobs, hearing problems can have a negative effect on
performance. People lose bone mass and muscle strength when they get older. An older person that is required to lift
heavy objects on a job might be at a disadvantage. Some positions, like restaurant jobs, also require a lot of physical
stamina and energy. Older workers may have difficulty keeping up with the demands of a restaurant or even a factory
job that requires a lot of lifting. Consequently, aging may affect the job performance of certain individuals, particularly
in high-pressure jobs where heavy demands are placed on workers. For example, managers in small companies are
often engaged in numerous daily tasks, and at the same time, have a number of key responsibilities, including
meeting project deadlines. Such a schedule may be too much for an older worker, who may not be able to handle the
pressure.
4. Is there any difference how they are performing compared to you?
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5. Does age really a factor in terms of the efficiency in the work place?

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines Telefax: (077) 772-3051
E-mail address: gs@mmsu.edu.ph Facebook page: www.facebook.com/MMSUGraduateSchool