NA To Sls en 1991-1-4 2019

SRI LANKA STANDARD
NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2019
SRI LANKA NATIONAL ANNEX TO

EURO CODE 1: ACTIONS ON STRUCTURES -
PART 1- 4: GENERAL ACTIONS - WIND
ACTIONS
(First Revision)
SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION
Licensed by SLSI to Urban development Authority

2022-06-28
Single-user licence only, copying and networking prohibited.
2022-06-28
SRI LANKA NATIONAL ANNEX TO
EURO CODE 1: ACTIONS ON STRUCTURES -
PART 1-4: GENERAL ACTIONS - WIND ACTIONS
(First Revision)
NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2019
Gr. 9
SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION

No.17, Victoria Place
Elvitigala Mawatha
Colombo 8
SRI LANKA.

2022-06-28
Sri Lanka Standards are subject to
periodical revision in order to
accommodate the progress made by
industry. Suggestions for improvement
will be recorded and brought to the notice
of the Committees to which the revisions
are entrusted.
This Standard does not purport to include

all the necessary provisions of a contract
© SLSI 2019
All right reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm, without permission in writing from the SLSI.

2022-06-28
NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4:2019
Committee responsible for this National Annex
The preparation of this National Annex was entrusted by Committee SC/35/WG/12, upon
which the following bodies were represented:
Eng. S A Karunarathne (Chairman) -The Society of Structural Engineers , Sri Lanka

Eng. (Prof) S M A Nanayakkara - University of Moratuwa, Department of Civil Engineering
Eng. K L S Sahabandu - Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau
Eng. H Abeyruwan - University of Peradeniya, Department of Civil Engineering
Eng. (Dr) H Sooriyarachchi - University of Ruhuna, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
Eng. W M D N Ranasinghe - Provincial Engineering Organization – Western Province
Eng. G T R de Silva - The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka
Dr. Sujeewa Lewangamage - University of Moratuwa, Department of Civil
Engineering,
Eng. W S N Wijendra - Road Development Authority
Eng. K S Abeygunawardane - Sri Lanka Standards Institution
Eng. T A E I Siriwardhane (Secretary ) - Sri Lanka Standards Institution
Those who have contributed to this National Annex (1 st Revision)
Eng. S A Karunarathne (Chairman) -The Society of Structural Engineers , Sri Lanka

Eng. K L S Sahabandu -Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau
Eng. (Dr) H Sooriyarachchi -University of Ruhuna, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
Eng. W M D N Ranasinghe -Provincial Engineering Organization – Western Province
Eng. G T R de Silva -The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka
Eng.(Dr.) Sujeewa Lewangamage -University of Moratuwa, Department of Civil Engineering,
Eng (Dr.) Premila Sivaprakasapillai -Personal Capacity
Eng. T A E I Siriwardhane -Sri Lanka Standards Institution

(Secretary)

2022-06-28
2022-06-28
NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2019
NATIONAL ANNEX (INFORMATIVE) TO SLSEN 1991-1-4:2019

EUROCODE 1: ACTIONS ON STRUCTURES — PART 1-4: GENERAL ACTIONS
— WIND ACTIONS
(First Revision)
INTRODUCTION
This National Annex has been prepared by the Working group on the development of the
National Annexes to Euro Codes (SC35/WG/12), Actions on Structures. It is to be used in
conjunction with SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014.
This National Annex was approved by the Sectoral Committee on Building and Construction
Materials and was authorized for adoption and publication as a Sri Lanka National Annex by the
Council of the Sri Lanka Standards Institution on 2019-03-07.
This National Annex which was first published in 2016 is superseded by this revision. Requests
received from the construction industry personnel during the recent past in view of the
extraordinary windy situations prevailed in Sri Lanka, necessitated this revision.
This first revision takes into account the new updates of the wind loading map for Sri Lanka,
prepared based on the recent studies (based on the wind data collected during the past
35 years) carried out at the University of Moratuwa.
Following clauses were updated accordingly.
-Sri Lanka decisions of 4.2 (1) P (Note 2) -Fundamental value of basic wind velocity (vb,0),
4.3.1(1) Note 2- Design charts for mean wind velocity at a height z (vm(z)),
4.3.5(1) Note- Effect of closely spaced buildings and other obstacles and
8.3.4 (1) Note- Longitudinal wind forces in y-direction
-NA.3 –References
-APPENDIX 1 -Wind loading map for Sri Lanka
In the preparation of this National Annex, the assistance derived from the publication of the
British Standards Institution (BSI) and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is
gratefully acknowledged.
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NA.1 SCOPE
This National Annex gives Sri Lanka decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters
described in the following sub clauses of SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014;
4.4 (1) Note 2 7.2.4(3) 7.8 (1) 8.3.3 (1) Note 1

4.5 (1) Notes 1
and 2 7.2.5(1) 7.9.2(2) 8.3.4 (1)
5.3 (5) 7.2.5(3) 7.10 (1) Note 1 8.4.2 (1) Notes 1 and 2
6.1 (1) 7.2.6(1) 7.11 (1) Note 2 A.2 (1)
6.3.1 (1) Note 3 7.2.6(3) 7.13 (1) E.1.3.3 (1)
6.3.2 (1) 7.2.7 7.13 (2) E.1.5.1 (1) Notes 1 and 2
7.1.2 (2) 7.2.8 (1) Table 7.14 in 7.9.3 E.1.5.1 (3)
7.1.3 (1) 7.2.9 (2) 8.1 (1) Notes 1 and 2 E.1.5.2.6 (1) Note 1
7.2.1 (1) Note 2 7.2.10 (3) Notes 1 and 2 8.1 (4) E.1.5.3 (2) Note 1
7.2.2 (1) 7.3(6) 8.1 (5) E.1.5.3 (4)
7.2.2 (2) Note 1 7.4.1 (1) 8.2 (1) Note 1 E.1.5.3 (6)
7.2.3(2) 7.4.3 (2) 8.3 (1) E.3 (2)
7.2.3(4) 7.6 (1) Note 1 8.3.1 (2)
7.2.4(1) 7.7 (1) Note 1 8.3.2 (1)
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NA.2 NATIONALLY DETERMINED PARAMETERS
Sri Lanka decisions for the nationally determined parameters described in

SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 are given in Table NA.1.
TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters described in
SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014
Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

clause Determined recommendation
Parameter
1.5 (2) 1.Load and May give guidance on Use the Euro code recommendation
response design assisted by
information testing and
2.terrain measurements
parameters
4.1 (1) 1. Mean wind May be obtained Use the recommended value
velocity (vm) directly from national
Note
2. Peak climatic information
velocity
pressure (qp)
3. Additional
values of the
terrain
categories
considered
4.2 1. May be given in NA vb,0 = vb,zone calt
(1)P Fundamental
Note 2 value of basic calt = 1.0
wind velocity Table 1:10 min mean speed
(vb,0)
Zone 10 min mean speed (vb,zone),
ms-1
Zone I 35
Zone II 29
Zone III 23
See Appendix 1 for zoning boundaries
4.2 1. Basic wind NA may give vb = cdir c season vb,0

(2)P velocity(vb) procedure to include
Note 1 influence of altitude cdir=1.0 and cseason= 1.0
factor on the basic
wind velocity.
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TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters described
in SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 (continued)

clause Determine recommendation
d
Parameter
4.2 directional Cdir=1 Use the recommended value
(2)P factor, cdir
Note 2
4.2 season Cseason=1 Use the recommended value
(2)P factor, cseason
Note 3
4.2 1. Shape K= 0.2 Use the recommended value

(2)P parameter n=0.5
Note 5 (K)
2. Exponent
( n)
4.3.1(1) Orography c0=1 Use the recommended procedure in
Note 1 factor (c0) SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 A.3
4.3.1(1) Design May be given in NA Refer NA.3 [1]

Note 2 charts for
mean wind
velocity at a
height z
(vm(z))
4.3.2(1) Procedure Use following equation Use the recommended procedure
Note to to determine
determine Cr (z).
roughness
factor 𝑍
(cr(z)) cr(z)=krln (𝑍 ) for zmin≤
0
z ≤ zmax
cr(z)= cr(zmin) for z ≤ zmin
0.07
𝑍0
kr=0.19(𝑍 ) where
0,11
z0,11=0.05, zmax=200m
Refer Table 4.1 for z0
and zmin.
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SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014

Parameter
4.3.2 1.angular sector 1. Angular sector is 300 Use the recommended values
(2)Note 2. upstream angular sector within
distance ±150 from the wind
direction.
2. obtain upstream
distance from A.2
4.3.3(1) Procedure to Refer A.3 Use the recommended procedure
Note determine
orography factor
(c0)
4.3.4(1) Effect of large Refer A.4 Use the recommended procedure
Note and higher
neighbouring
structures
4.3.5(1) Effect of closely Refer A.5 for a first Use the recommended method
Note spaced buildings approximation. May refer NA.3 [1]
and other For rough terrain
closely spaced
obstacles
buildings, modify the
mean wind flow near
the ground , as if the
ground level was raised
to a height called
displacement height
(hdis)
4.4(1) Turbulence factor k1=1.0 Use the recommended values
Note2 (k1)
4.5(1) Rules to Refer expression 4.8 Use the recommended expression .

Note1 determine peak
velocity pressure
(qp (z))
4.5(1) Air density (ρ) ρ=1.25kg/m3 Use the recommended value
Note2
5.3(5) Whether lack of Consider lack of Use the recommended procedure
Note correlation may correlation only for
be applied walls (refer 7.2.2(3))
generally or be
restricted to walls
as applied in
7.2.2(3)
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TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters

described in SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 (continued)

Parameter
6.1(1) Structural factor Structural factor should Use the recommended
Note (CsCd ) be separated into a size procedure
factor Cs and dynamic
factor Cd based on 6.3.
6.3.1(1) Procedure to Refer Annex B Use the recommended
Note 3 determine procedure
1.Peak factor (kp)
2.Background factor
(B)
3.Resonance
response factor (R)
6.3.2(1) Method to determine Refer Annex B Use the recommended
Note 1.along wind procedure
displacement
2.standard deviation
of the along-wind
acceleration
7.1.2(2) Procedure to 1.refer Figure 7.1 for Use the recommended

consider the effect rectangular structures procedure
of asymmetric 2. for other cases, apply
loading due to an allowance for
instantaneous asymmetry of loading by
fluctuations of completely removing the
wind. design wind action
7.1.3(1) Effect of ice or may be given in NA Not applicable to Sri Lanka

snow
7.2.1(1) Procedure to Refer Figure 7.2 for Use the recommended
Note 2 calculate external loaded areas up to 10 m 2 procedure
pressure coefficients
for loaded areas> 1
m2
7.2.2(1) Rules for the Take the reference Use the recommended
Note velocity pressure height as the height of procedure
distribution for the building
leeward wall &
sidewalls
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SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 (continued)
Parameter
7.2.2(2) External pressure Refer Table 7.1.for Use the recommended values of Table 7.1
Note 1 coefficients, Cpe,1 and intermediate values
Cpe,10 of h/d, interpolate.
7.2.3(2) Divided zones of the Refer Figure 7.6 Use the recommended Figure 7.6
roof
7.2.3(4) Pressure coefficients Refer Table 7.2 Use the recommended Table 7.2
roof including its
protruding parts
7.2.4(3) Pressure coefficient Refer Table 7.3a Use the recommended Tables7.3a and 7.3b
and Table 7.3b
roof including its
protruding parts
7.2.5(3) Pressure coefficient Refer Table 7.4a Use the recommended Table 7.4a and
and Table 7.4b Table 7.4b
roof including its
protruding parts
7.2.6(3) Pressure coefficient Refer Table 7.5 Use the recommended Table 7.5
7.2.8(1) External pressure Refer Figure 7.11 & Use the recommended values
Note coefficients, Cpe, 10 7.12 for Cpe,10
and Cpe, 1 for circular
roofs and domes.
7.2.9(2) Background Typically in the Table 2:Values of permeability
permeability range 0.01 % to 0.1 Form of Permeability (open
% construction area/total area)
Office curtain 3.5 X10-4
walling
Office internal 7.0 X10-4
partition walling
Housing 10.5X10-4
Housing energy 4.0X10-4
efficient housing
In the absence of more specific
information, values in Table 2 may be
used. Modern construction methods are
likely to lead to lower value than those in
Table 2.
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Parameter
7.2.10(3) Wind effects Wind pressure on most Use the recommended rule
Note 1 on external rigid skin may be taken as
walls and the difference between
roofs with internal and external
more than pressures.
one skin
7.2.10(3) Rules when 1. For walls and roofs with Use the recommended rule
Note 2 extremities of impermeable inside skin
the layer and permeable outside skin
between may be calculated from
skins are air cp,net = 2/3 cpe for over
tight and pressure
when free cp,net = 1/3 cpe for under
distance pressure.
between Inside skin wind force may
skins< 100 be calculated from
mm cp,net=cpe-cpi
2.for walls and roofs with

an impermeable inside skin
and an impermeable more
rigid, outside skin, the
wind force on the outside
skin may be calculated
from cp,net=cpe-cpi
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Parameter
3. for walls and roofs with a
7.2.10(3) permeable inside skin with
Note 2 approximately uniformly
(continued)
distributed openings and an
impermeable outside skin ,
the wind force on the
outside skin may be
calculated from
cp,net=cpe-cpi, and the wind
force on the inside skin
from cp,net = 1/3 cpe
4. for walls and roofs with

an impermeable outside
skin and impermeable, more
rigid inside skin, the wind
force on the outside skin
may be calculated from
cp,net=cpe and the wind force
on the inside skin from
cp,net=cpe-cpi
7.3(6) Location of the Refer Figure 7.16 Use the recommended

centre of pressure Figure 7.16
for a monopitch
canopy
7.4.1(1) Resulting pressure Refer Table 7.9 Use values of Table 7.9
coefficients (cp,net)
for free standing
walls & parapets
7.4.3(2) Horizontal e=±0.25b Use the recommended value

Note eccentricity (e)
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Parameter
7.6(1) Reduction factor for Refer Figure 7.24 for Use values of Figure 7.24
Note 1 square sections with upper bound values
rounded corners (ψr)
7.7(1) Force coefficient of Cf,0=2.0 for all elements Use the recommended value
Note 1 rectangular sections without free-end flow
with sharp corners &
without free-end (cf,0)
7.8(1) Force coefficient of Refer Table 7.11 under Use the recommended values
Note structural elements low turbulent conditions of Table 7.11
without free-end
flow(cf,0)
7.9.2(2) Equivalent surface Use the recommended Use the recommended values
roughness (k) values given in Table 7.13 of Table 7.13
7.9.3 Factor (k) May be given in NA For a/b <2.5, k=1.15
7.10(1) Along wind force Refer Figure 7.30 in low Use the recommended values
coefficient (cf,x) of turbulent flow of Figure 7.30
Note 1 spheres
7.11(1) Reduction factor for Refer EN 12811 Use the recommended values
scaffolding without air of SLS EN 12811:2016
Note 2 tightness devices and
affected by solid
building obstruction
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TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters

described in SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 (continued)

Parameter
7.13(1) Force coefficient Refer Figure 7.36 Use the recommended values of
Note (cf,0)value, taking and Table 7.16 for Figure 7.36
the effect of low turbulent
turbulence into flow.
account
7.13(2) Effective Refer Table 7.16 Use the recommended value of λ in

Note slenderness (λ) for λ Table 7.16
end-effect factor Refer Figure 7.36

(ψλ) for ψλ
8.1(1) Wind actions for May be given in No additional guidance is given

Note 1 other types of NA for wind actions on other types of
bridges (e.g. arch bridges (e.g. arch bridges,
bridges, bridges moving bridges and bridges with
with suspension multiple or significantly curved
cables or cable decks).
stayed, roofed
bridges For the derivation of the overall
and bridges with response to wind action on such
multiple or bridges, specialist advice should
significantly be sought.
curved decks)
8.1(1) Angle of wind May be given in Figure 8.2 and Figure 8.6 of SLS EN
Note 2 direction to the NA 1991-1-4:2014 should be used to
deck axis in define the angle of the wind directions
relative to the deck axis.
vertical and
horizontal planes
8.1 (4) Basic vb,0=23 m/s Use the recommended value
Note velocity(vb,0)
∗∗ ∗∗
8.1 (5) vb,0 vb,0 = 25 m/s Use the recommended value
Note
8.2 (1) Dynamic response NA may give Highway and railway bridges of less
Note 1 procedure for criteria and than 200 m span do not normally
bridges procedures require explicit allowance for
dynamic response in the along wind
direction, in the completed (in
service) condition.
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Parameter
8.3 (1) Force Use 7.4 The force coefficients for parapets and
coefficients for gantries on bridges should be obtained
parapets and from SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2014, 7.4, 7.6,
gantries on 7.7, 7.8, 7.9 and 7.11 as appropriate.
bridges
8.3.1 (2) % reduction Reduction of 5% per The values of Fw defined in 8.3.2(1) of
Note from drag degree of inclination SLS EN 1991-1-4:2014 should not be
coefficient cfx,0from the vertical by reduced according to 8.3.1(2) of SLS EN
cfx,0 when the 1991-1-4:2014.
windward face is
inclined to the
vertical is not
applicable to Fw
8.3.2 (1) Wind load factor Refer Table 8.2
(C) Table 3 : Values of the wind load factor
C
b/dtot ze≤ 20 m ze = 50 m
≤ 0.5 7.4 9.1
≥ 4.0 4.0 4.9
8.3.3 (1) Force coefficient in the absence of Use the recommended values
Note 1 cf,z wind tunnel tests cf,z=
±0.9
8.3.4(1) Longitudinal For plated bridges, Refer NA.3 [1]
Note wind forces in y- wind forces in y-
direction direction = 25% of
wind forces in x-
direction
For truss bridges,
wind forces in y-
direction = 50% of
wind forces in x-
direction
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Sub clause Nationally Determined Euro code Sri Lanka decision

Parameter recommendation
8.4.2 (1) Procedures for the treatment Completely remove the Use the
of asymmetric loading design wind load from recommendation
those parts of the
structure where its
action will produce a
beneficial effect
A.2(1) Note Procedure for considering Refer Procedure 1 and Use the
transition between different Procedure 2 in A.2(1) recommended
roughness categories procedure
E.1.3.3 (1) Air density (ρ) ρ =1.25 kg/m3 Use the
Note recommended value
E.1.5.1 (1) Choice of calculation May be given in NA Use the

Note 1 approach E.1.5.2 and E.1.5.3 recommended
of vortex excited cross-wind procedure
amplitude
E.1.5.1 (1) Range of application for each May be given in NA Use the
Note 2 of the approaches in E.1.5.2 recommended
and E.1.5.3 procedure
E.1.5.1 (3) Regions where very cold and approach 2 in E.1.5.3 Not applicable to
stratified flow conditions may Sri Lanka
occur
E.1.5.2.6(1) Minimum value of the N≥104 Use the
Note 1 number of load cycles (N) recommended value
E.1.5.3(2) Air density (ρ) ρ =1.25 kg/m3 Use the
Note 1 recommended value
E.1.5.3 (4) Influence of the turbulence For a turbulence Use the
Note intensity on aerodynamic intensity of 0%, recommended Table
damping constant (Ka) Ka=Ka,max (refer Table E.6
E.6)
E.1.5.3 (6) Peak factor (kp) Refer expression E.17 Use the
recommended
expression E.17
E.3(2) Note Additional guidance on a IG =3.0 Use the
combined stability parameter recommended value
(a IG)
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NA.3 REFERENCES
[1] C.S. Lewangamage, M.T.R Jayasinghe: Report on Recent Developments of Wind Code in
Sri Lanka, proceedings of 7th workshop on Regional Harmonization of Wind loading and Wind
Environmental Specifications in Asia-Pacific economies (APEC-WW 2012), Vietnam,
November, 2012.
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APPENDIX 1
17
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SRI LANKA STANDARD

NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2019

SRI LANKA NATIONAL ANNEX TO

SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Licensed by SLSI to Urban development Authority

NA TO SLS EN 1991-1-4: 2019

SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Licensed by SLSI to Urban development Authority

This Standard does not purport to include

Licensed by SLSI to Urban development Authority

Committee responsible for this National Annex

Eng. S A Karunarathne (Chairman) -The Society of Structural Engineers , Sri Lanka

Those who have contributed to this National Annex (1 st Revision)

Eng. S A Karunarathne (Chairman) -The Society of Structural Engineers , Sri Lanka

Eng. T A E I Siriwardhane -Sri Lanka Standards Institution

Licensed by SLSI to Urban development Authority

NATIONAL ANNEX (INFORMATIVE) TO SLSEN 1991-1-4:2019

Following clauses were updated accordingly.

-APPENDIX 1 -Wind loading map for Sri Lanka

4.4 (1) Note 2 7.2.4(3) 7.8 (1) 8.3.3 (1) Note 1

NA.2 NATIONALLY DETERMINED PARAMETERS

Sri Lanka decisions for the nationally determined parameters described in

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

See Appendix 1 for zoning boundaries

4.2 1. Basic wind NA may give vb = cdir c season vb,0

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

4.2 1. Shape K= 0.2 Use the recommended value

4.3.1(1) Design May be given in NA Refer NA.3 [1]

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

4.5(1) Rules to Refer expression 4.8 Use the recommended expression .

TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

7.1.2(2) Procedure to 1.refer Figure 7.1 for Use the recommended

7.1.3(1) Effect of ice or may be given in NA Not applicable to Sri Lanka

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

2.for walls and roofs with

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

4. for walls and roofs with

7.3(6) Location of the Refer Figure 7.16 Use the recommended

7.4.3(2) Horizontal e=±0.25b Use the recommended value

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

7.9.3 Factor (k) May be given in NA For a/b <2.5, k=1.15

TABLE NA.1 – Sri Lanka decisions for Nationally Determined Parameters

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

7.13(2) Effective Refer Table 7.16 Use the recommended value of λ in

end-effect factor Refer Figure 7.36

8.1(1) Wind actions for May be given in No additional guidance is given

Sub Nationally Euro code Sri Lanka decision

Sub clause Nationally Determined Euro code Sri Lanka decision

E.1.5.1 (1) Choice of calculation May be given in NA Use the

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