LESSON PLAN

TITLE: Crime Scene Investigation

COURSE: PSBRC/ CIC

MODULE: 1 (General Subjects)

LESSON PLAN NUMBER: 10

TARGET AUDIENCE: Police personnel assigned in Police Station

preferably with the rank of PO1-PO3.

DATE AND VENUE: As scheduled

TIME ALLOTED: 4 hours

LEARNING AIDS REQUIRED: Laptop and Multi-media projector

PARTICIPANT EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: notebook, ball pen

TRAINING REFERENCE USED: Police Operational Procedure Manual (March

2010 Revised); First Responder
Handbook; PNP Investigative Manual, DIN;
and Related Issuances, Handbooks, Articles

INTRODUCTION:
Crime Scene Investigation, is very crucial part in the investigation of crime
incident since it is where an investigator establish the case and where potential
evidence can be recovered that can connect the suspect to the crime, Physical
evidence do not lie and can remain forever. It can stand alone as an evidence that only
needs a skilled and diligent investigator to locate and collect it. Most of the evidence on
a crime is found at the crime scene.

LEARNING GOAL:
To provide the participants working knowledge on how to maintain the integrity of
physical evidence through the proper procedure in the processing a crime scene,
evidence recognition, searching, preservation, documentation, collection and handling
of physical evidence to ensure the prosecution and conviction of criminal suspect/s in
the courts of law.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this session, the participants should be able to:
1. Define contamination and other important terminologies;
2. Know and understand the duties of First Responder and Investigator-on-case
(IOC) when a crime is reported, upon arrival at the crime scene, when the suspect/s is
still at the crime scene and when the suspects have already fled; and
3. Know the procedure in the proper turn-over of crime scene to the
Investigators:
SESSIONS:

1. Definition of terms:

A. Crime Scene Investigation = is the conduct of processes, more, particularly

the recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and documentation and
interview of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene.
b. Cordon – a line of Police Officers or soldiers, or their vehicles surrounding an
area to control access to it.
c. Crime Scene – a venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has
been committed.

e. Evidence – the means sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a

judicial preceding the truth respecting a matter of fact. These include but are not limited
to documentary, testimonial, electronic and object evidence, gathered in the course of
the investigation.
f. First Responder – are members of the Police, Military, Fire, Medical Teams,
and other volunteer organizations who are expected to be the first to respond to calls for
assistance in cases of incidents.
g. Venue – venue deals with the locality, the place where the suit may be had,
while jurisdiction treats of the power of the court to decide the case on the merits.
h. Suspect or suspects – individual(s) who is/are pointed to be by victim(s) and
witness(es) to have had committed the crime in issue. Subject person is not considered
as a criminal unless otherwise his/her conviction is pronounced in the court.
i. Investigator-on-Case – the person responsible for and in charge of the
investigation of a case.
j. SOCO – Scene of the Crime Operatives, specialist of the Crime Laboratory
group where request are addressed if the evidence encountered needs special
processing due to significant or sensational cases.
k. Command Post – an area which is ideally located adjacent to the Crime Scene
where the CSI Evidence Custodian stays and receives the pieces of evidence turned
over to him for safekeeping by the other evidence collectors.

L. Over all photographs – It is kind of photographs to get as much information in

one picture as possible they should be taken before anything in the scene is moved or
disturbed they record the scene as it was found.

M. Mid-range Photographs – It is kind of photographs help in establishing

locations of evidence within the scene, they focus the attention of the viewer on an
object, but the camera is far enough away to see other objects in the room.

N. Close-up photographs – It is kind of photographs can define and give details to

a specific item of evidence, they should be taken when important aspects of evidence
are not shown in over-all or mid-range photos.

O. Rough sketch- A rough sketch is drawn free-hand by the sketcher at the crime
scene. Changes should not be made to it after the sketcher has left the scene. This
sketch will not normally be drawn to scale, but will indicate accurate distances,
dimensions, and relative proportions.

P. Note Taking - Note taking must be a constant activity throughout the processing of
the crime scene.
1. Three types of evidence in crime scene

- Biological Evidence
- Trace Evidence
- Other Physical Evidence

2. Three (3) Specific Duties of the First Responder

 Preserve life
 Arrest the suspects
 Protect the scene

3. Duties of First Responder and Investigator-on-case (IOC)

a. What to do when crime is reported:
• Record date, time and place of crime reported
• Name of Complainant/reporter and the victim
• Other details to complete 5 W’s & 1 H
• Record the weather condition
• Verify the veracity of the report
• Inform the superior officer or the duty officer
b. What to do upon arrival at the crime scene:
• Secure/cordon the crime scene with police line
• Evacuate injured persons to the nearest hospital
• Prepare to take the dying declaration of the severely injured victim/s
• Prevent entry/exit of any persons on the cordoned area
• Look for witnesses and immediately conduct initial interview
• Take note of important facts for future reference
• Prepare to brief the investigator/s of the incident upon their arrival
c. What to do if the suspect/s still at the crime scene:
• The team leader will effect the arrest of the suspect/s if he is still at the
crime scene
• Inform superior office or duty officer and request for reinforcement
• Negotiate for the suspect/s to surrender
• Upon arrest the suspect/s will be secured and separated from other
witnesses
d. What to do if the suspect/s had already fled:
• Inform superior or duty officer
• Obtain description of any getaway vehicle (take note of the type, brand,
model, color, etc)
• Flash alarm for the possible route of escape and the identity of the
suspect/s
• Conduct hot pursuit operations

4. During the ARRIVAL AT THE CRIME SCENE

SCENE CONTAMINATORS:

 Weather
 Relatives and friends of the victim
 Suspects or associates
 Curious onlookers, souvenir collectors, ordinary thieves
  Other members of police agencies, high ranking officials, media

5. Tasks of First Responders

o Proceed to scene promptly

o Conduct a threat assessment
o Render assistance to the injured
o Locate and identify witnesses
o Establish perimeters
o Arrange for follow-up teams to respond

 Proceed to Scene Promptly

Response time has direct relationship to:

 Preserving evidence
 Locating witnesses
 Making an arrest

 Conduct Threat Assessment

 Keeping the crime scene undisturbed is a prime goal of a first responder –

but only after assessing the scene for safety.
 Make it safe for Police, Fire/EMT, and Public
 Establish “safe zone” from the potential impact area of a sniper, active
shooter, or unexploded device
 Arrest, secure, separate offenders
 Other threats must be neutralized like biological and chemical hazards or
“booby traps”
 Be aware of potential evidence while clearing and making the scene safe.

 Other threats must be neutralized like biological and chemical hazards or

“booby traps”
 Be aware of potential evidence while clearing and making the scene safe.

 Render Assistance to Injured

 Do so after scene is safe and secure

 Others giving aid must also be aware of potential evidence

 Locate and Identify Witnesses

 Fresh information means accurate information

 Better witness cooperation
 Identification of other witnesses
 Canvass neighborhood

 Crime Scene Security – Perimeter Management

 Response time has direct relationship to:

 Preserving evidence
 Locating witnesses
 Making an arrest

 Scene Security

 Prevent unauthorized persons from entry

  Number one reason for crime scene contamination is unauthorized police
personnel enter into crime scene.
 Designate one person to maintain log of people entering and exiting
scene.

SUMMARY:
The subject makes the participants more aware on the proper procedure on how
to process s crime scene, the importance of the crime scene preservation, handling and
collection of physical evidence. The required knowledge or information that an
investigator should know, how he deals with different types of crime scene and identify
the suspect and bring him before the court of law.
Likewise, they also acquired significant knowledge and proper skills in performing
the actual task/s on what to do in responding to incident and proper conduct of
investigation of the crime scene through film viewing and class presentation which will
ensure the effectiveness of the investigative effort and to clearly define responsibility
and authority.

Activity: Practical Exercise (20 minutes)

Class presentation: Respond Crime Scene and Proper Crime Scene Preservation

Mechanics:
1. The Class will be divided into 5 groups with 5 members in each group
and perform the duties on how to preserve and investigate the crime scene within 20
minutes.
2. Assignments;

Each member to act as the: Team Leader, Recorder, Photographer,

Crowd Control and Arresting Officer.

Critiques and Evaluation: (15 minutes)