9

TLE – ICT - CSS

Quarter 2 – Module 5-6:
PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)
(Identify and Interpret the Different Kinds of Technical Drawings)

(
TLE – ICT – CSS – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing (PITD)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Demelyn S. Abelgas
Editor: Reynald M. Manzano
Reviewers: Louelyn M. Lajot, Reynald M. Manzano
Typesetter: Mark Joeben L. Casal
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Joelyn M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr., Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 9

TLE – ICT – CSS

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)
(Identify and Interpret the Different Kinds of Technical Drawings)
 What I Need to Know

This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitude, and values needed
to prepare/interpret diagrams, engineering abbreviation and drawings,
symbols and dimensions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 - Identify different kinds of technical drawings

• Lesson 2 - Interpret technical drawing

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Select correct technical drawing in accordance with the job
requirement
2. Segregate technical drawings in accordance with the types and
kinds of drawings.
3. Recognize components, assemblies, or objects as required
4. Identify dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in
the drawing
5. Identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing
6. Check and validate drawing against job requirements or
equipment in accordance with standard operating procedure

1
 What I Know

MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your notebook.

______1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an a. Flowchart

action in a business process.

______2. explains the process clearly through symbols b. Process

and text.

______3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector c. Arrow line

box and is labelled using letters.

______4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to d. Connector

bottom to keep a flowchart clear.

______5. A process is represented by a rectangle with e. Sub-process

double lines on each side.

______6. Indicate both the starting point and ending point. f. Weak links

______7. these points in the process where it slows down g. Poka-yoke

may be caused by redundant

______8. Another term of flowchart. h. Bottle necks

______9. mistake-proofing is known as i. flow diagram

______10. these are steps where problems occur j. oval

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.

Lesson
IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF
1 TECHNICAL DRAWING

Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and

engineering. To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar
symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and
page layout. Together, such conventions constitute a visual language and help to
ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand.

2
 What’s In

Sterneckert (2003) stated that the viewpoint of key people in an organization,

such as the manager, analyst, and clerk, can be used as a model in flowcharting.
These persperctives may be applied to the four types of flowchart, provided below
describe the different types of flowchart. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Document –

2. Data Flow –

3. System –

4. Program -

What’s New

ENUMERATION: Other than flowchart, give at least five (5) elements that you can
use to represent to your process flows.

1. _________________
2._________________

3._________________

4._________________
5._________________

What is It

What is a Flowchart?

Every now and then, you come across different troubleshooting flowcharts
especially when you service in a computer system. These are normally in the form of
a decision tree which gradually focuses on a solution based on the criteria set. The
usefulness of your flowchart depends on how you manage the problems that are
answerable using a simple True/False solution. A well-crafted flowchart can shorten
the problem solving time.

3
 Flowcharts are easy to understand diagrams that show the different steps in
solving a specific problem. Easiness is the key to make flowchart more useful in
communicating how processes works, and for documenting how to do a specific task.

When to use a Flow Chart?

Flowchart is a very simple yet powerful tool to improve productivity in both

our personal and work life. Here are some ways flowchart can be helpful:

• Document a process
• Present a solution
• Brainstorm an idea
• Design a system
• Explain a decision making process
• Store information

What are the Basic Symbols of Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of

processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient
business system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system. A flowchart
consists of elements, such as the terminator, process, sub process, decision, arrow
lines, and connectors.

1. Terminator

Start / End
Terminator Symbol

A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. A

terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end terminator
appears only once on a single flowchart.

2. Process

Instructions /
Process Symbol
Actions

A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business

process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A process can be described using
a single verb noun phrase; for example, "Order Office Supplies." The same level of
detail must be kept in processes on a single flowchart.

3. Decision

Decision Decision Symbol

A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a decision

of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.

4. Input and Output

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 Input and
Output Input and Output Symbol

The Parallelogram features Input and Output, which cover such things as
materials, services, and even individuals going into or exiting the process.

5. Connector

Connector Symbol

A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is labelled

using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on
several pages. A connector ensures that the processes are connected logically and
correctly on several pages.

6. Arrow Lines
Flow Lines Symbol

Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep a
flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy
in the business process.

HOW TO CREATE FLOW CHART

1. Identify Tasks. You must list all the tasks in a process in chronological order.
Consider the following questions as your guide:

a. What happens next in the process?

b. Do you need to make a decision before the next step?
c. What approvals are required before you move on to the next task?

2. Organize and Document Tasks. Begin with a rounded rectangle labeled START.
From there, go through the sequences which must include every action and decision
in the intended order. Use arrows to connect them with one another and to indicate
the direction of the process flow. Decisions should be directed by an arrow from the
decision diamond to whatever possible solutions are available. The arrow should also
be labeled with a decision, such as YES, or a NO. The termination of the process
must be marked by a rounded rectangle labeled FINISH or END.

3. Test. Double-check the flow to make sure that you haven’t overlooked anything.

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 Start

Input
and
Output

Actions

Choice NO

YES

End

OTHER ELEMENTS OF A TECHNICAL DRAWING

Other than a flowchart, there are several elements that you can still use to
represent your process flows, such as:

• Schematic diagram
• Layout Plan
• Loop diagram
• Chart
• Block diagram

Each of these elements will be discussed in the following pages.

6
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

A schematic diagram is a representation of system elements that are abstract

or symbols which are graphical in nature. It removes all the irrelevant information.

In the data processing cycle example below, Input/ Output Devices are
represented by a rectangle. The rectangles don’t resemble the actual devices but give
you information without unnecessary visual clutter. The same logic goes with the
flow of the data and how they are being processed, stored, and retrieved from the
CPU and computer memory.

Central
INPUT OUTPUT
DATA Processing DATA
DEVICES DEVICES
Unit

D
A
T
Main/Internal
A

Main/Internal
Memory Schematic Diagram

CHART

A chart is a diagram that displays the relationship of at least two variables. It

is often used to easily interpret large quantities of data and relationship between
their parts.

There are four common charts:

• Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical

data.

Histogram

• Bar Chart is a graphical representation of grouped data

Bar Chart

• Pie Chart is a graphical representation of quantifiable data represented by a

sectioned circle much like a pie that’s been cut with the slices varying in size.

7
 Pie Chart

• Line Chart is a graphical representation of information as a series of data

points connected by line segments.

Line Chart

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

A block diagram is a specialized type of flowchart. It represents an

encompassing view of major process steps, including the relationships and
interfaces.

Step
Bridge Filter Rechargeable
Down Regulator
Rectifier Circuit Battery
T/F

Power supply to all sections

LAYOUT PLANS

A layout is a tool to arrange a workplace, like in a plant, organization, or

computer laboratory in your school. It shows how the computers should be located
and arranged properly according to specifications like the size of the room and
number of units to be installed.

Computer Laboratory Layout Plan

LOOP DIAGRAM

8
 A loop diagram aids you visualizing how items in a system are interrelated. It
consists of a set of nodes that represents the item, and edges that each represents a
connection between two items.

Thread

Event Loop

I/O Events I/O Events

Channel Channel Channel

Lesson

2 INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING

The essence of having a flowchart in the process analysis is for the effective
delivery of ideas especially if you are dealing with a technical person. A flowchart
explains the process clearly through symbols and text.

What’s In

Direction: Give at least three (3) benefits of flowchart.

1.
2.
3.

What’s New

Direction: Arrange the following steps in developing flowchart. Put the number (1-
7) on a separate sheet of paper.

____________1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for

flowcharting it.
___________ 2. Establish process boundaries - the starting and ending points.

9
____________3. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to
start with the last step and work back to the first step.
____________4. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
____________5. Review and title the flowchart.
____________6. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart— those
operators, technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in
the process.
____________7. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is
not sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.

In this lesson, you will understand the reasons why you need to:

• know how a process is done;

• study and improve processes;
• document a process; and
• use a flowchart in planning a project or activity.

SIMPLE REMINDER IN USING A FLOWCHART

• There is no such thing as a proper way of constructing a flowchart. What’s

important is how the people involved understand the process.
• Involve only the key people in the flowcharting process.
• A technical expert is not necessary to draw a flowchart. It should be you who
performs the process.
• There a lots of free flowcharting software that you can use.

MISTAKE-PROOFING
Mistake cannot be avoided sometimes when making flowcharts, but the
chances for errors in the process can be reduced by deviating from the usual
steps or actions that have resulted in mistakes. Mistake-proofing solutions
can eliminate redundant process actions and give way to new and untried
methods that provide better solutions.

In japan, where the work ethic is admired worldwide, mistake-proofing is

known as poka-yoke (PO-ka yo-KAY). It is simply a system that reduces
mistakes and in Flowchart instances when an error does occur, it is quickly
identified and addressed.

MISTAKE-PROOFING IN YOUR DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITY

Although you often don’t see it poka-yoke is all

around us. An example is the thumb drive. The
thumb device can only be inserted if it is oriented
properly. It cannot be inserted in the reverse side or
sideways.

The designers of the thumb drive thought it best to

make it self-limiting in how it’s used based on how

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the device is oriented. It’s like a program which works only one way. If not used in
that manner, it simply won’t work. It’s design strategy that does way with having to
teach the user how to use the device, thus eliminating the risk for error in use.

How do you interpret flowcharts?

A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve it
only if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help
you to:

• Determine who is involved in the process.

• Form theories about root causes.
• Identify ways to streamline the process.
• Determine how to implement changes to the
process.
• Locate cost-added-only steps.
• Provide training on how the process works or
should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of your
flowchart.

Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a
need to improve the process:

Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused
by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.

Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate
training of process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced,
or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform the drill leader and
improvise" is one of the weak links.

Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted and
performed in a different way by each person involved, leading to process
variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the weak link cited above.

Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol.

You may want to collect data on how often there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision
points marked by a diamond shaped symbol. If most decisions go one way rather
than the other, you may be able to remove this decision point.

Step 3 - Examine each rework loop.

Processes with numerous checks generate rework and waste. Examine the activities
preceding the rework loop and identify those that need to be improved. Look for ways
to shorten or eliminate the loop.

Step 4 – Examine each activity symbol.

Does the step help build a key quality characteristic into the end product? If not,
consider eliminating it.

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Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are three main
types of flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level of
detail can be depicted as macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.

1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of

work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and redundant
or unnecessary steps within a process.

2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow

and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define
customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or groups
fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to one another throughout the
process.

HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT A LINEAR FLOWCHART?

Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart

1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.

2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators,

technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.

3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.

• Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the process.
• Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any doubt
or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the scope of
related processes.

4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.

5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the
last step and work back to the first step.

6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.

7. Review and title the Flowchart.

CONSTRUCTING A LINEAR FLOWCHART

12
 Define the process
and the purpose

Assemble the right people

Establish process
boundaries

Are steps in
Put steps in sequence
sequence?

Assign flowchart
symbols

Review and label

Flowchart

What’s More

A. Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your notebook.

1. A connector ensures that the process are connected a.

logically and correctly on several page.

2. Shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/nogo. b.

3. Indicates both the starting point and the ending c.

point of the process steps

4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom d.

5. Shows where an in-process measurement occurs. e.

What I Have Learned

13
Think back on something that you have learned from this Learner’s Material. Reflect
on the following questions stated inside the box.

I have learned that ____________________________________________________.

I have realized that ___________________________________________________.

I will apply ___________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Direction: Using the basic symbols used for flowchart, make your own simple
flowchart to illustrate the process of cleaning the computer parts and peripherals
properly. Include the given activities below.

1. Preparation of cleaning tools

2. Identifying the parts to be clean
3. Cleaning the different peripheral

SCORING RUBRICS:

Preparation
Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
of Score
4 3 2 1
Flowcharts
All assigned Almost all Almost all Fewer than
details and assigned assigned 85% of the
Drawing elements details / details assigned
have elements (at and details and
been added. least 85%) elements (at elements
The details have been least 85%) are
are clear added. The have been present OR
and easy to details are added. A most
identify. clear and few details details are
easy to are difficult to
identify. difficult to identify.
identify.

Takes Tries his or Always goes Does not Works

ownership her best, for the best of always work below
for learning asks for their ability to ability ability level
feedback or and gets help and seldom and does
help when when needed

14
 needed, helps asks for not ask for
others help. help
understand
the topic
better
Total
Interpretation of Scores
7- 8 Excellent
5-6 Very Good
3-4 Good
1-2 Fair
0-1 Poor

Assessment

A. FIIL IN THE BLANKS

Direction: Identify the word/s that best describe/s the following statements. Use
your activity sheet to write your answers.

____________1. Work through all the steps in your chart to make sure they
are clear and exhaustive, and that there is no open-ended node
remained.
____________2. Indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart.
____________3. Represent a step in a process. This is the most common component
of a flowchart.
____________4. Shows a step that decides the next step in a process. This is
commonly a yes/no or true/false question.
____________5. Shows the process’ direction. Each flowline connects two blocks.
____________6. An optional step here is to style your chart with different shapes and
color to make it easier to follow.
____________7. Flowcharts should be made easily accessible to all parties involved.
____________8. Represents an individual step or activity in the process.
____________9. shows where an in-process measurement occurs.
____________10. is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood
as representing an idea, object, or relationship.

Additional Activity

15
Directions: Draw at least five (5) basic elements of flowchart and name the symbol
and its purpose. Write your answers on your notebook. (2 points each)

SYMBOL SYMBOL NAME PURPOSE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Answer Key

16
Assessment LESSON 1 What’s More
What’s New 1. B
1. Test your result 2. A
2. Terminator 1. Schematic 3. E
3. Process 2. Layout diagram 4. D
4. Decision 3. Loop diagram 5. C
5. Flowline/Arrow line 4. Chart
6. Key in details 5. Block diagram What I know
7. Publishing flowchart 1. B
8. Box LESSON 2 2. A
9. Triangle What’s New 3. D
10.Symbol/s 1. 1 4. C
2. 3 5. E
3. 5 6. J
4. 6 7. H
5. 7 8. I
6. 2 9. G
7. 4 10. F

17
References

Caro, Jaime D.L., Ph.D., Avonn Nova, MIT, and Alexis dela Cruz, MIT (2016).
VocTek Series: Computer System Servicing. TechFactors Inc.

www.depedbataan.com. (2016). Ipinanumbalik June 15, 2020, mula sa/kay

http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing
_learning_module.pdf

www.kupdf.net. (walang petsa). Ipinanumbalik June 16, 2020, mula sa/kay

https://kupdf.net/download/computer-system-servicing-
ncii_59107eb3dc0d60e933959e80_pdf

www.tutorials.com. (walang petsa). Ipinanumbalik June 15, 2020, mula sa/kay

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/programming_methodologies/programming
_methodologies_flowchart_elements.htm

www.visual-paradigm.com. (walang petsa). Ipinanumbalik June 17, 2020, mula

sa/kay https://www.visual-paradigm.com/tutorials/flowchart-tutorial/

www.visual-paradigm.com. (walang petsa). Ipinanumbalik June 18, 2020, mula

sa/kay https://www.visual-paradigm.com/tutorials/flowchart-tutorial/

Lynch, Allison. (February 2, 2020) edrawsoft.com. Ipinanumbalik June 15, 2020,

mula sa/kay https://www.edrawsoft.com/flowchart.html

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/programming_methodologies/programming_meth
odologies_flowchart_elements.htm
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1SkFHNaDIlbOQIglDZgviEL_cQCwUQED?f
bclid=IwAR2sjN4PrnXZ0bUjUzOj4gF5Eyr3zx7B09PwdR8xzRqGzQdSMNRoh2HkBm
s
www. edrawsoft.com .(walang petsa). Ipinanumbalik June 15, 2020, mula sa/kay
https://www.edrawsoft.com/images/chartstypes/monthly-sales.png

www. encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com. (walang petsa).Ipinanumbalik August 14, 2020,

mula sa/kay
https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSaErItaqlfcbFZ6Xpn
k2VaYBMnTMEHodzcbw&usqp=CAU
https://www.excel-easy.com/examples/images/line-chart/line-chart.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net