Nama: Noor Syuhadah Binti Mohamad Fauzi

Kelas: CS2402B
Subject: ITT400

Tutorial- Data and Signals

1. What is the relationship between period and frequency?

- Frequency and period are the inverse of each other. T = 1/f and f = 1/T

2. What does the amplitude of a signal measure? What does the frequency of a signal measure?
What does the phase of a signal measure?

- The amplitude of signal measure is the value of the signal at any point. Frequency is the rate at
which current changes direction per second. The phase of signal measure describes the position of
the waveform relative to time zero.

3. How can a composite signal be decomposed into its individual frequencies?

- Using Fourier analysis. Fourier series gives the frequency domain of a periodic signal. Fourier
analysis gives the frequency domain of a nonperiodic signal.

4. Name three types of transmission impairment.

- Three types of transmission impairment are distortion, attenuation and noise.

5. Distinguish between baseband transmission and broadband transmission.

- Basement transmission is sending a digital signal over a channel without changing the digital signal
to an analog signal. It requires a low-pass channel while broadband transmission is changing the
digital to ana analog signal for transmission. It requires bandpass-channel.

6. Distinguish between a low-pass channel and a band-pass channel.

- Low-pass channel is a channel with a bandwidth that starts from zero while a band-pass channel is
a channel with a bandwidth that does not start from zero.

7. What does the Nyquist theorem have to do with communications?

- The Nyquist theorem have to do with communications because it defines the maximum bit rate of
noiseless channel.

8. What does the Shannon capacity have to do with communications?

- The shannon capacity defines the maximum amount of information or data capacity which can be
sent over any channel or medium.

9. Can we say whether a signal is periodic or nonperiodic by just looking at its frequency domain
plot? How?
- A signal is periodic. Its frequency domain plot is discrete, a signal is non periodic. It is frequency
domain plot is continuous.

10. Is the frequency domain plot of a voice signal discrete or continuous?

- The frequency domain plot of voice signal is continuous because voice is a nonperiodic signal.

11. Is the frequency domain plot of an alarm system discrete or continuous?

- The frequency domain plot of an alarm system is discrete because an alarm system is normally
periodic.

12. We send a voice signal from a microphone to a recorder. Is this baseband or broadband
transmission?

- It is baseband transmission because no modulation is involved.

13. We send a digital signal from one station on a LAN to another station. Is this baseband or
broadband transmission?

- It is baseband transmission

14. What is the bit rate for each of the following signals?

a. A signal in which 1 bit lasts 0.001 s

- bit rate = 1/ bit duration

= 1/0.001s

= 1000 bps

= 1 Kbps

b. A signal in which 1 bit lasts 2 ms

- 2ms = 2/1000

= 0.002 s

- bit rate = 1/ bit duration

= 1/0.002

= 500 bps

c. A signal in which 10 bits last 20 μs

- 20/10 = 2 μs

- 2 μs = 2/1000000 = 0.000002 s

- bit rate = 1/ bit duration

= 1/0.000002

= 500,000 bps

= 500 Kbps
15. A device is sending out data at the rate of 1000 bps.

a. How long does it take to send out 10 bits?

- 10/1000 = 0.01 s

b. How long does it take to send out a single character (8 bits)?

- 8/1000 = 0.008 s

= 8 ms

c. How long does it take to send a file of 100,000 characters?

- As a single character is of 8 bits. So, { 8 x 100,000 }/1000 = 800 s