Vertigo

Introduction

Derived from a Latin word ,which means to turn.

Is a balance disorder.
Is a clinical symptom rather than a diagnosis.
Under the broad spectrum of dizziness.
Definition
Is the sense of rotation or world spinning when someone is
standing still due to balance issues or disorientation of space.
Etiology
Vestibular : central
Peripheral
Ocular
Psychogenic
Classification
True : a) Physiological – sea sickness
Motion sickness
Height sickness
Space Sickness
b). Pathological – 1 vestibular
2 Visual
3 somatosensory
Pseudo. – fainting ,giddiness….
Clinical features.

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DIAGNOSIS OF VERTIGO
Clinical history and symptoms
Ear examination
HINTS.
Head impulse
Nystagmus
Test of skew
Rombergs test
Dix Hallpike positional test
Imaging test eg: CT scan ,MRI
TREATMENT OF VERTIGO
Depends on cause
Bed rest
Avoid sudden positional changes
Use of vestibular blocking agent
Migraine tablets
Maneuvers
Balance therapies
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Incidence.
Common cause of vertigo
Incidence increase with age

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 Associated with migraine
More in females
Etiology.
Injury and vestibular neuronitis
Infections
Old age
Surgery
Prolonged bedrest and inactivity
Pathophysiology.
Due to the displacement of otoliths to the semicircular canals
Diagnosis.
Dix Hallpike test
Treatment
Repositioning maneuvers
Eg: Epley Maneuver
Semont Maneuver