DR.

Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

properties of a periodic Table

1. Atomic Size
atomic size increase on descending a group, but decrease a cross a period.

2. Ionization energy
ionization energies decrease on descending a group, but increase a cross a period.

3. Electron affinity
electron affinity decreases on descending a group, but increase a cross a period.

4. Electronegativity
electronegativity decreases on descending a group, but increase a cross a period.

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

5. Electro positivity
Electro positivity increase on descending a group, but decrease a cross a period.

6. lattice energy

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

s-block p-block d-block f-block

elements elements elements elements
Consist of 2 groups Consist of 6 groups Consist of 10 groups Consist of 10 groups
group 1A 3A ( ns2 , np1 ) 3B , 4B , 5B , 6B , In 2 series
(Alkali metals ns1 ) 4A ( ns2 , np2 ) 7B , 8B (contain 3 1-lanthanides
group 2A 5A ( ns2 , np3 ) groups) then 1B , 2B 2-actinides
(Alkaline earth 6A ( ns2 , np4 )
metals ns2 ) 7A ( ns2 , np5 )
8A ( ns2 , np6 )

valence electrons valence electrons valence electrons valence electrons

are in s-orbital. are in p-orbital. are in d-orbital. are in f-orbital.
Metals only Metals, non metals Metals only Metals only
( cations only ) , nobel gases ( cations only ) ( cations only )
( cations and anions)
Called Called Called Called
representative representative Transition Inner Transition
elements elements elements elements
Except nobel gases

‫انخد ابلنا كده من املالحظات دي‬

• when electrons enter 4f orbital of the sixth period series of 14
elements is called Lanthanides
• the electrons enter 5f orbital of the seventh period series of 14
elements is called Actinides
• Nobel Gases are elements found at the end of each peroid in
group zero ,they are diamagnetic, colourless and chemicaly
unreactive in which all noble gases have outer configuration
ns2 np6 except helium ns2 .
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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• How many periods and groups are present in the periodic table?
a) 7 periods and 18 groups
b) 8 periods and 7 groups
c) 7 periods and 7 groups
d) 8 periods and 8 groups

• Which of the following forms the basis of the modern periodic

table?
a) Atomic mass
b) Atomic number
c) Number of nucleons
d) All of these

• What happens to the electropositive character of elements on

moving from left to right in a periodic table?
a) Increase
b) Decreases
c) First increases than decreases
d) First decreases than increases

• The electronic configuration of an element M is 2, 8, 4. In modern

periodic table, the element M is placed in
a) 4th group
b) 2nd group
c) 14th group
d) 18th group

• Which of the following is the correct order of the atomic radii of

the elements oxygen, fluorine and nitrogen?

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

a) O < F < N b) N < F < O

c) O < N < F d) F < O < N

• Which of the following is the most reactive element of the group 17

?
a) Oxygen
b) Sodium
c) Fluorine
d) Magnesium

• Which group elements are called transition metals?

a) Group number 1 to 2
b) Group number 13 to 18
c) Group number 3 to 12
d) Group number 1 to 8

• Across the period the atomic size decreases due to

A. shielding effect
B. photoelectric effect
C. increase in nuclear force of attraction
D. decrease in nuclear force of attraction

• Chemical properties depend upon

A. electronic configuration
B. valence shell electronic configuration
C. atomic mass
D. atomic size

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• The energy required to remove an electron from the outermost

shell is called
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. mechanical energy
D. ionization energy

• As we go from top to bottom in a group the shielding effect

A. doesn't change
B. decreases
C. increases
D. remains constant

• The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself is called

A. electron affinity
B. electronegativity
C. ionization energy
D. shielding effect

• The average distance between the nucleus and outer shell is called
A. atomic size
B. nuclear size
C. shielding effect
D. atomic number

• The shielding effect across the period

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

A. increases
B. decreases
C. becomes equal to above periods
D. remains same

• In periodic table elements with similar valence shel configuration

are placed in
A. different groups
B. same group
C. different period
D. same period

• When an electron is added in the valence shell then

A. energy is absorbed
B. energy is released
C. energy remains same
D. force of attraction increase

• An element has an atomic number of 15 with which of the following

elements will it show similar chemical properties.
a. Be (4)
b. Ne (10)
c. N (7)
d. O (8)

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• The chemistry of lithium is very similar to that of magnesium even

though they are placed in different groups. Its reason is:
(a) Both are found together in nature
(b) Both have nearly the same size
(c) Both have similar electronic configuration
(d) The ratio of their charge and size is nearly the same

• The element with atomic number 35 belongs to

(a) d – Block
(b) f – Block
(c) p – Block
(d) s – Block

• Representative elements are those which belong to

(a) p and d – Block
(b) s and d – Block
(c) s and p – Block
(d) s and f – Block

• Which of the following properties generally decreases along a

period?
(a) Ionization Energy
(b) Metallic Character
(c) Electron Affinity
(d) electro negativity.

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• In the modern periodic table, the period indicates the value of:
(a) Atomic Number
(b) Atomic Mass
(c) Principal Quantum Number
(d) Azimuthal Quantum Number

• The electronic configuration of halogen is

(a) ns² np6
(b) ns² np3
(c) ns² np5
(d) ns²

• Elements are arranged in order of

A Decreasing atomic number
B Decreasing atomic mass
C Increasing atomic number
D Increasing atomic mass

• An element with Z = 29 is roomed in .......

(b) group 1A and fourth period
(a) group 7A and second period
(c) group 7B and third period
(d) group 1B and fourth period

• An element with Z = 35 is roomed in ...........

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

a) group 7A and fourth period

b) group 1A and fourth period
(d) group 1B and fourth period
c) group 7B and third period

• An element with Z = 26 is roomed in .......

a) group 8A and fourth period
b) group 8B and fourth period
c) group 6B and fourth period
d) group 2B and third period

• Which of the following is/are correct about nobel gases

(a) Diamagnetic
(b) Colorless
(c) unreactive
(d) All of these

• the general electronic configuration of alkali metals is ........ but

general electronic configuration of alkaline earth metals is .....
(a) ns1 - ns2
(b) ns² - ns1
(c) ns1 - ns1
(d) ns2 - ns2

• the general electronic configuration of halogens is ..... but general

electronic configuration of nobel gases is ……

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

(a) ns2 – ns1

(b) ns2 ns2
(c) ns2 np5 – ns2np6
(d) ns1 np5 – ns2

• the element in the some period has the same ........ while that of the
group has the same ……..
(a) valence electrons – outer shelI
(b) outer shell - valence electrons
(c) valence electrons -valence electrons
(d) outer shell – outer shell

• Most of P-block elements are ....... but Most of periodic table

elements are ......
(a) metals - metals
(b) Nonmetals - Nonmetals
(c) Metals - Nonmetals
(d) Nonmetals - metals

• An element with the electron configuration [Xe] 6s²4fl45d7 would

belong to which class on the periodic table?
A) transition elements
B) alkaline earth elements
C) halogens
D) rare earth elements

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• An atom of Cr contains 24 electrons. How many of these electrons

ate in d orbitals ?
A) 2 B) 4 c)6 D) 5

• Which of the following is/are considered as alkali metal

(a) Li3
(b) Na11
(c) K19
(d) all of these

• Which of the following is/are considered ds alkaline earth metal?

(a) Al13 (b) Ca20 (c) P15 (d)S16

• Which of the following is/are considered as a Non-metal?

(a) Fe26
(b) P15
(c) Ca20
(d) Al13

• Which of the following is considered as representative element ?

(a) P15
(b) Ca20
(c) Al13
(d) All of the these

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

• Which ofhe following is considered as Transition element ?

(a) Fe26
(b) P15
(c) Ca20
(d) Al13

• Which of the following is correct about Zn30 ?

(a) [Ar] 4s2 3d10
(b) belong to Transition elements
(c) Diamagnetic
(d) all of these

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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

Lattice energy of magnesium oxide MgO.

Mg (s) + 1\2 O2 (g) → MgO(s) ΔHf = -602kJ/mol
1. Solid magnesium atom sublimes to gaseous atom by absorbing heat energy
(∆Hsub). Mg (s) → Mg (g),
Sublimation energy ΔHsub = + 136kJ/mol
2. Gaseous magnesium atom releases two electrons in two steps with
corresponding ionization energies.
Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + 1e– Ionization energy ΔH1IE= +738kJ/mol
Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + 1e– onization energy ΔH2IE= 1450kJ/mol
energy of ionization = ΔHIE = 738 + 1450 = 2188kJ/mol
3. Diatomic oxygen breaks into two individual atoms by absorbing bond energy, such
that each chlorine atom absorbs half of the bond energy of the chlorine molecule.
O2(g) → 2O(g) 1\2
Dissociation energy ΔHdiss= 1\2 x 498 = +249kJ/mol
4. Oxygen atom accepts two electrons to form oxide ion and releases energy
equivalent to two-electron affinities.
O(g) + 1e– → O– (g) Electron affinity = ΔH1EA = -142kJ/mol
O–(g) + 1e– → O2- (g) Electron affinity = ΔH2EA =798kJ/mol
Total energy released is ΔHEA = +656kJ/mol
5. Gaseous magnesium ion and gaseous oxide ion combine to form solid magnesium
oxide molecule and releases energy equivalent to lattice energy.
Mg2+(g) + O2- (g) → Mg2+O2- (s)
Lattice energy = ΔHLE = U =?

So, ∆H0f = ∆Hsub + ∆HIE + 1\2 ∆Hdis + ∆HEA + U

U = ∆Hf0 – (∆Hsub + ∆HIE + 1\2∆Hdis + ∆HEA).
= -602 – 136 – 2188 – 249 -656
= - 3831 kJ/mol
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DR. Ahmed Elemam inorganic chemistry 2020

metal Electron config group period block element

Beryllium [He]2s2 2A 2 S metal

Block
Nitrogen [He]2s22p3 5A 2 P Non
Block metal
Manganese [Ar] 4s2 3d5 7B 4 d metal
Block
Copper [Ar] 4s1 3d10 1B 4 d metal
Block
Zinc [Ar] 4s2 3d10 2B 4 d metal
Block
Bromine [Ar] 4s23d104p5 7A 4 P Non
Block metal
Gallium [Ar] 4s23d104p1 3A 4 P Non
Block metal
Nickel [Ar] 4s23d8 8B 4 d metal
Block
Sodium [Ne]3s1 1A 3 S metal
Block
Yttrium [Kr] 5s24d1 3B 5 d metal
Block

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