BC190408039

BIO303- BIOCHEMISTRY II
ASSIGNMENT No 1
QUESTION
GIVE A COMPREHENSIVE ACCOUNT OF PROCESS OF GLYCOLYSIS.
Definition:
Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for
cellular metabolism. Glycolysis consists of an energy-requiring phase followed by an
energy releasing phase.
Glycolysis occur in two phases:
 Preparatory phase
 Pay off phase
Preparatory phase
Preparatory phase occurs in five steps:
Step 1: The first step in glycolysis is phosphorylation of glucose at the hydroxyl group
on C-6 by a family of enzymes called hexokinases to form glucose - 6-phosphate (G6P)
Step 2: The D-glucose 6 - phosphate thus formed is converted to D-fructose 6-
phosphate
Step 3: is again phosphorylated this time at C - 1 to yield D fructose –bisphosphate. For
both phosphorylations ATP is the phosphoryl group donor.
Step 4: Fructose 1.6-bisphosphate is split to yield two three-carbon molecules,
dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (step 4) this is the lysis
step that gives the pathway its name.
Step 5: The dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to a second molecule of
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (step )ending the first phase of glycolysis.
Pay off Phase:
Pay off phase also occurs in five steps:
The energy gain comes in the payoff phase of glycolysis
Step 6: Each molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is and phosphorylated by
organic phosphate (not by ATP ) to form bisphosphoglycerate Energy is also conserved
in the formation of two molecules of the electron carrier NADH per molecule of glucose
Step 7 through 10: Much of energy is conserved by the coupled phosphorylation of
four molecules of ADP to ATP The net yield is two molecules of ATP per molecule of
glucose because molecules of ATP were invested in the preparatory phase.

Energy release during glycolysis is 2 ATP.