Math Optional Hand Written

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/CivilservicesMains https://t.
me/UPSC_Mains
2018 Paper-2 solutions.pdf

IAS-2008-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2008-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2009-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2009-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2010-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2010-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2011-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2011-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2012-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2012-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2013-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2013-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2015-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2015-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2016-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2016-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2017-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2017-(P-2).pdf
IAS-2018-(P-1).pdf
IAS-2018-(P-2).pdf
Maths P2 2019.pdf
Paper 1 2019 Solution.pdf
2014-(P-1).pdf
2014-(P-2.pdf
2017-(P-1).pdf
2017-(P-2).pdf
2018 Paper-1 solutions.pdf
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/CivilservicesMains https://t.me/UPSC_Mains
IAS-MATHEMATICS (Opt.) - 2018

PAPER - II : SOLUTIONS
SOLUTION : UPSC-IAS-MAINS-2018-MATHEMATICS-OPTIONAL-PAPER-2
HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi-60. (M) 9999197625, 011-45629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9.
BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’S-Kancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd-20. (M) 09652351152, 09652661152
PDFhttps://t.me/UPSC_Prelims
created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains
FREE BOOKS, NOTES & VIDEOS FOR CIVILSERVICES
EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

MAGZINES MATERIALS MATERIALS CIVILSERVICES NEWSAPERS
SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

TESTSERIES TESTSERIES STUDENTS BOOKS
OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

TEST SERIES, VIDEOS & NOTES BOOKS, TESTS VIDEOS & NOTES
1.GEOGRAPHY 1.UPPSC 2.SSC 3.MPSC
2.HISTORY 4.IBPS 5.RAS & RPSC
3.MATHEMATICS ENGINEERING BOOKS & MATERIAL
4. SOCIOLOGY 1. IES 2. GATE 3. IFoS
5.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4. COMPUTER SCIENCE
6. POLITICAL SCIENCE 5. MECHINICAL ENGINEERING
7. ECONOMICS OTHER TELEGRAM CHANNELS
8 PHYSICS 1 GOVERNMENT JOBS
9 COMMERCE ACCOUNTANCY 2 LEARN YOGA & MEDITATION
10 ANTHROPOLOGY 3 LEARN ENGLISH
11 LAW 4 BEST DELAS & OFFERS
12 PHILOSOPHY 5 IAS HINDI BOOKS
13 CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTANCY 6 PDFs FOR ALL EXAMS
14 MEDICAL SCIENCE 7. WORLD DIGITAL LIBIRARY
1.CHENNAI STUDENTS 2.BANGLORE STUDENTS 3. CURRENT AFFAIRS
CONTACT FOR ADVERTISEMENT IN ABOVE CHANNLES
ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF Website - https://upscpdf.com https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
SOLUTION : UPSC-IAS-MAINS-2018-MATHEMATICS-OPTIONAL-PAPER-2 IAS/IFoS MATHEMATICS (Opt.) BY K. VENKANNA
HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi-60. (M) 9999197625, 011-45629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower,
(2) Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’S-Kancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd-20. (M)
09652351152, 09652661152
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims
https://telegram.me/UpscPdfDrive https://t.me/UPSC_Mains
IAS/IFoS MATHEMATICS (Opt.) BY K. VENKANNA
Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’S-Kancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd-20. (M) (3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
NOTE: Q.No. 8.(c)

“STUDENTS ARE ADVICED TO
WRITE CONCISE ANSWER IN
EXAM”
09652351152, 09652661152
IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2008

PAPER - I : SOLUTIONS
1.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi60. (M) 9999197625, 01145629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi9.
BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 110237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’SKancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd20. (M) 09652351152, 09652661152

1.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
HEAD OFFICE:25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar Market, Delhi60. (M) 9999197625, 01145629987. BRANCH OFFICE(DELHI): 105106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower,
(2) Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 110237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’SKancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd20. (M)
09652351152, 09652661152
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 110237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’SKancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd20. (M) (3)
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(e)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(f)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
4.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
4.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a) Solve the differential equation
ydx � � x � x 3 y 2 � dy � 0 .
SOLUTION
y dx + (x + x3y2) dy = 0
standard form of exact differential equation is M dx + Ndy = 0
� here M = y;
N = x + x 3 y2
�M
�y = 1
�N
= 1 + 3x2 y2
�x
�M �N
�
S
�y �x
E
C
� given equation not exact
N
IE
Given equation in the form of yf1(xy) dx + xf2(xy) dy = 0
C
S
1
then integrating factor is L
Mx � Ny
A
IC
Mx – Ny = xy – xy – x3y3
T
A
= –x 3y 3
M
E
1
H
� integrating factor �
T
x 3 y3
A
M
multiplying with
F
O
1 � 1 1�
I.F. � dx � � 2 3 � � dy � 0
E
3 2
x y �x y y�
T
U
IT
General solution = � Mdx � Ndy

T
S
y constant y term not containing X

IN
1 1
�x y
3 2
dx � dy � c
y
�1
� �ny � c
2x 2 y2
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Use the method of variation of parameters to find the general solution of
x2 y�� – 4 xy� � 6 y � – x 4 sin x
SOLUTION
4 6
y�� y� � 2 y � � x 2 sin x .....(1)
x x
which is a Hamogeneous = n of the form
y�� p(x)y� � Q(x)y � R(x) .....(2)
�4
where P(x) = ;
x
6
Q(x) = ;
x2
R(x) = –x2 sinx
� 2 + 2 Px + Qx2 = 0
u(x) = x 2
� 6 + 3Px + Qx2 = 0
S
E
v(x) = x3
C
Therefore yc(x) = c1x2 + c2 x3 .....(3)
N
IE
where c1, c2 are constants.
C
Wronskian of us v is given by
S
x2 x3 L
A
w(u, v) =
IC
2x 3x 2
T
= 3x2 – 2x4 = x4 � 0
A
yp(x) = A(x) x2 + B(x) x3 ; A & B are parameters .....(4)

M
E
H
vR
Where A(x) = � � � dx
T
uv� � vu �
A
M
x 3 � ( � x 2 sin x)
= �� dx
F
x4
O
E
= � � x sin x � dx
T
U
= � x cos x � � cos x � dx
IT
T
= –x cosx + sinx. .....(5)

S
IN
uR
and B(x) = � uv� � vu� � dx
x 2 � (� x 2 sin x)
=� dx
x4
= � � sin x � dx
= cosx. ......(6)
Put (5) & (6) in (4)
yp(x) = –x3 cosx + x2 sinx + x3 cosx
= x2 sinx .....(7)
Its general solution is given by
y = yc(x) + yp(x)
= c1x2 + c2x3 + x2 sinx
(from (3) and (7)
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Using Laplace transform, solve the initial value problem y�� – 3 y� � 2 y � 4t � e 3t with
y(0) = 1, y�(0) � �1 .
SOLUTION
y�� – 3 y� � 2 y � 4t � e 3t with y(0) = 1 & y�(0) = 1
[s2 L{y} – sy(0) – y�(0)] –3[sL{y} –y(0)] + 2L{y} = 4 L{t} + L{e3t}
[Using formula L{yn(t)} = pnL{y(t)} –Pn–1 y(0)....... Fn–1(0)]
4 1
(s2 – 3s + 2) L{y} – s + 1 + 3 = �
s s�3
2
[using formula L{t} = 1/s2 and L �e � �

at 1
]
s�a
4 1
(s2 – 3s + 2) L{y} = � �s�4
s s �3
2
S
4 1 s 4
�
E
L{y} = � 2 � 2
s (s � 3s � 2) (s � 3)(s � 3x � 2) s � 3s � 2 s � 3s � 2
2 2 2
C
N
IE
�4
C
4 1 s
S
s (s � 1)(s � 2) (s � 3)(s � 1)(s � 2) (s � 1(s � 2) (s � 1)(s � 2)
2
L{y} = � � L
A
(1) (2) (3) (4)
IC
T
4 A B C D
A
(1) � = � 2� �
M
s (s � 1)(s � 2)
2
s s s �1 s � 2
E
H
4 = As(s–1)(s–2)+B(s–1)(s–2)+C(s–2)s2 +D(s–1)s 2
T
A
Put s = 0, B = 2
M
Put s = 1, C = –4
F
O
Put s = 2, D = 1
E
A=3
T
U
�3� �2� � �4 � �1 � 1 �
IT
�� L�1 � � � L�1 � 2 � � L�1 � �L �

� s � 1�� s � 2 ��
T
�s� �s �
S
IN
��3 + 2t –4et + e2t
1 A B C
(2) � � � �
(s � 3)(s � 1)(s � 2) s � 3 s � 1 s � 2
1 = A(s–1)(s–2)+B(s–3)(s–2)+C(s–3)(s–1)
1
Put s = 1, B =
2
Put s = 2, c = –1
1
Put s = 3, A =
2
� 1 � 1 �1 � 1 � � 1 � 1 e3t � 1 e t � e 2t
(2) � L�1 � � � L � � � 1L�1 �
� s � 3 � 2 � s � 1� � s � 2 �� 2 2
09652351152, 09652661152
s A B
(3) � � �
(s � 1)(s � 2) s � 1 s � 2
s = A(s–2)+B(s–1)
s = AS –2A + Bs–B
Compairng s & constant terms
A+B = 1 .....(1)
–2A –B = 0
B = –2A .....(2)
Put (2) in (1)
A – 2A = 1
–A = 1
A = –1
Put the value of A in (1) B = 2
� �1 � � 1 �
S
(3) � L�1 � � � 2 L�1 �
� s � 2 ��
E
� s � 1�
C
N
= –et + 2e2t
IE
C
�4 A B
(4) � � �
S
(s � 1)(s � 2) s � 1 s � 2 L
A
–4 = A(s–2)+B(s–1)
IC
Put s = 1, A = 4
T
A
Put s = 2, B = –4
M
E
� 4 � � 1 �
H
(4) � L�1 � � � �4 L�1 �

� s � 2 ��
T
� s � 1 �
A
M
Combining (1), (2), (3) and (4), we have the required

F
O
1 3t 1 t
y(t) = 3 � 2t � 4e � e � e � e � e 2 t � e t � 2e 2 t � 4e t � 4e2 t
t 2t
E
2e 2
T
U
1 3t 1
e � 2e2t � e t � 2t � 3
IT
y(t) =
2 2
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
dy
6(d). Solve the equation y � 2xp � yp2 � 0 where p � .
dx
SOLUTION
Given equation is y – 2xp + yp2
Lets take y2 = Y
dy dY
2y =
dx dx
P
p =
2y
P Y P2
Y � 2x � =0
2 Y 4Y
P2
Y � xP � = 0
4
S
E
C
P2
Y = xP �
N
4
IE
Clearly equatins is Clairaut form
C
S
P2 L
� Y = cx �
A
4
IC
Replacing the original variables

T
A
M
c2
y 2 � cx �
E
H
4
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

1.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(d)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3.(d)(ii)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a). Find the general solution of the paritial differential equation (2xy–1)p +(z–2x2)q=2
(x–yz) and also find the particular solution which passes through the lines x=1,
y=0.
SOLUTION
Lagranges auxiliary equation can be written as
dx dy dz
� � ...(1)
2xy � 1 z � 2x 2
2(x � yz )
using multipliers (z,1,x)
1
xdx � ydy � dz
zdx � dy � xdz 2
(1) � =
2xyz � z � z � 2x 2 � 2x 2 � 2xyz 0
� zdx + dy + xdz = 0 � xz � y � c1
� 1�
using multipliers � x, y, �
S
� 2�
E
C
N
1 1
IE
xdx � ydy �
dx xdx � ydy � dz
2 2
C
(1) � =
0
S
2x y � x � yz � 2x y � x � yz
2 2
L
A
1
IC
� xdx � ydy � dz � 0
2
T
A
M
x 2 � y2 � z � c2
E
H
Required solution is
T
A
�� (xz � y, x 2 � y 2 � z ) = 0
M
where � is arbitrary function.

F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Find general solution of the Partial Differential Equation (D2+DD'–6D'2)z=y cosx
d d
where D � ,D� � .
dx dy
SOLUTION
Homogenous equations of (1) is given by (D2+DD'–6D'2)z=0
Auxiliary function is given by
m2+m–6=0 � m = –3, 2
� C.F. = �1 (y � 3x ) � �2 (y � 2x )
�1,�2 being arbitrary functions.
Particular integral
y cos x
= Let y+2x = a
(D � 3D �)(D � 2D �)
1
(D � 3D �) �
= (a � 2x )cos xdx
S
E
1 �(a � 2x )sin x � (�2) sin xdx �
�
C
=
D � 3D � � �
N
IE
1
�y sin x � 2cos x �
C
= put a=y+2x
S
D � 3D �
L
A
y � 3x � b
� �(b � 3x )sin x � 2 cos x � dx
IC
=
y � 3x � b
T
A
M
= (b � 3x )(� cos x ) � � 3cos xdx � 2� cos xdx

E
H
yp = –ycosx + sinx
T
A
�G.S. � �1(y � 3x ) � �2 (y � 2x ) � y cos x � sin x

M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Find complete and singular integrals of 2xz � px 2 � 2qxy � pq � 0 using charpit’s
method.
SOLUTION
Refer 2007 IAS
��
Singular solution found by eliminating a, b in �(x,y, z,a,b) � 0, � 0, � 0, � 0 .
�a �a �b
f ��z = ax 2 � by � ab . ...(1)
By reducing to clarauit form
�f
= x2 � b � 0 ...(2)
�a
�f
= y–a=0 ...(3)
�b
�f �f
form(2) and (3) is solving � 0 � 0.
S
�a �b
E
C
x2 = b y = a
N
IE
� putting a = y, b = x2 in (1)
C
z = yx � x y � x y
2 2 2
S
z = yx2 Required singular solutions.
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
�2z 2
2 � z
6(c). Reduce � x to canonical form.
�x 2 �y 2
SOLUTION
Given r – x2t = 0 ...(1)
comparing with Rr � Ss � Tt � F ( p, q , x , y, z ) � 0
R = 1 S = 0 T = –x2
S2 – 4RT = 0 – 4(1)(–x2) = 4x2 > 0
� Hyperbolic �-quadratic is given by
� 2 – x2 = 0 ...(2)
� � �x
Characteristic equation is given by
dy �y
� x � 0; �x �0
dx �x
S
x2 x2
E
y� � c1 ; y� � c2
C
2 2
N
IE
x2 x2
C
Let u � y � v �y�
S
2 2
L
A
�z �z �u �Z �v
IC
p� = �
�x �u �x �V �x
T
A
M
� �z �z �
= x� �
E
�
� �u �v �
H
T
A
�z �z �u �z �v
M
q� = �
�y �u �y �v �y
F
O
E
� �z �z �
T
= � � �
U
� �u �v �
IT
T
�2z � � �z � � � � �z �z � �
S
r � � � � = �x � x � �u � �v � �
IN
�x 2
�x � �x � � � ��
� �z �z � � � �z �z �
= � � ��x � � �
� �u �v � �x � �u �v �
� �z �z � � � 2z �u � 2 z �v � � � 2z �u �2 z �v �
�
= � �u �v � � x � 2 � � � x � � 2 �
� � � �u �x �u �v �x � � �u �v �x �v �x �
� �z �z � 2� � z � 2z � 2z �
2
�
= � �u �v � � x � 2 �2 � � ...(3)
� � � �u �u �v �v 2 �
� 2z � � �z � � � �z �z �
� � ��
�y � �y � �y �� u �v ��
t =
�y 2
09652351152, 09652661152
� 2 z �u �2 z �v � 2z �u �2 z �v
= � � �
�u 2 �y �u �v �y �u �v �y �v 2 �y
�2z �2 z �2z
= � 2 � ...(4)
�u 2 �u �v �v 2
Putting (3) and (4) in given equation
�z �z � � 2z � 2z � 2z � � � 2z �2z � 2z �
� � x2 � 2 � 2 � 2 � �x 2 � 2 � 2 � 2��0
�u �v � �u �u �v �v � � �v �u �v �v �
� 2z 1 � �z �z �
� �
�u �v 4x 2 �� u �v ��
Required Canonical forms.
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

1(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1(e)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

1.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(c)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(d)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(b)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3.(a)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a). Show that the differential equation of all cones which have their vertex at the
origin is px+qy=z. Verify that this equation is satisfied by the surface
yz+zx+xy=0.
SOLUTION
General solution of all cones which are having vertex at origin is given by
ax 2 � by 2 � cz 2 � 2gxz � 2 fyz � 2hxy � 0 ...(1)
differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’
�z �z �z
2ax � 2cz � 2gz � 2gx � 2 fy � 2hy � 0
�x �x �x
2(ax � gz � hy ) � 2 p(cz � gx � fy ) � 0 ...(2)
differentiating w.r.t. ‘y’
�z �z
2by � 2cz � 2 fz � 2 fy � 2hx � 0
�y �y
2(by � fz � hx ) � 2q (cz � gx � fy ) � 0 ...(3)
S
(2)×x +(3)×y � ax 2 � gxz � hxy � p(cxz � gx 2 � fxy )
E
C
by 2 � fyz � hxy � q (cyz � gxy � fy 2 ) � 0 from(1)
N
IE
(�cz 2 � gxz � fyz ) � ( px � qy )(cz � gx � fy ) � 0
C
S
�z (cz � gx � fy ) � ( px � qy )(cz � gx � fy ) � 0 L
A
� px � qy � z
IC
T
� differential equation given by px+qy=z

A
Given surface xy+yz+zx=0.

M
E
Partially differenting w.r.t x

H
y+yp+z+xp = 0
T
A
�y � z�
M
p = �
x�y
F
O
partially differenting w.r.t. ‘y’

E
x+yq+z+xq = 0
T
U
�(x � z )
IT
q =
T
(x � y )
S
IN
x (y � z ) (x � z )
Putting is px+qy = � �y
x �y x �y
� xy � xz � xy � yz
=
x �y
(xy+yz+zx=0)
� xy
=
� xy z
px � qy � z
� Given equation satifies px+qy=z
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). (i) Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function f
given by f (x 2 � y 2, z � xy ) � 0
(ii) Find the integral surface of x 2 p � y 2q � z 2 � 0 which passes through the curve
xy=x+y, z =1.
SOLUTION
(i) Given f (x 2 � y 2 , z � xy ) � 0 ...(1)
Let x + y = u and z – xy = v
2 2
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x

�f �f � �u �u �z � �f � �v �v �z �
(u,v ) = � � . �� ...(2)
�x �u � �x �z �x � �v � �x �z �x �
Differentiating (1) w.r.t y
�f (u ,v ) �f � �u �u �z � �f � �v �v �z �
= � � �� ...(3)
dy �u � �y �z �y � �v � �y �z �y �
�f �f
(2) � (2x � D.p ) � ( �y � p ) � 0 ...(4)
�u �v
�f �f
S
(3) � (2y � D. p ) � (� x � q ) � 0 ...(5)
E
�u �v
C
(4) 2x p �y
N
� =
IE
(5) 2y q �x
C
S
yp � xq � y 2 � x 2
L
A
(ii) Lagranges auxiliary equation given by
IC
T
dx dy dz
� �
A
x 2 y 2 �z 2 ...(1)
M
E
takign first two parts

H
�1 �1 1 1
T
� � c1 � � � c1 � 0
A
x y x y ...(2)
M
taking first and 3rd part

F
O
�1 �1 1 1
� � c2 � � � c2 � 0 ...(3)
E
x z x z
T
U
Given z=1; xy = x+y

IT
1 1
�
T
x y = 1
S
IN
from (2) and (3)

2
1� � c1 = 0; 1 � 1 � 1 � c 2 = 0.
y y
1 1 � c1 (1 � c1 )
� � 1� � 1 � c2 � 0
y 2 2
3 c
� � c2 � 1 � 0
2 2
3 1 1 1 1
� 2 � z � x � 2x � 2y � 0
3 1 1 1
� � � �0
2 z 2x 2y
xz � yz � 2xy � 3xyz
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(a) Find the characteristic of y2r – x2t = 0; where r & t have thier usual meaning ?
SOLUTION
Given y2 r – x 2 t = 0 .....(1)
Comparing (1) with
Rr + Ss + Tt + F(x, y , z, p, q) = 0
here R = y2, S = 0, T = –x2
so that �–quadratic equation
R�2 + S� + T = 0
reduces to y 2� 2 + 0 – x2 = 0
2
�x� x
�2 = � � ��
�y� y
x x
�1 � & �2 � �
y y
Charactristics equation becomes
dy x dy x
S
� �0 ; � �0
E
dx y dx y
C
N
dy x dy x
IE
�� ; �
C
dx y dx y
S
Integrating these two equation L
A
y2 � x2 y2 � x2
IC
� c1 � c2
T
2 2
A
In ordu to reduce (1) to its cononical from we choose

M
E
y2 � x2 y2 � x2
H
u� & v� .....(2)
T
2 2
A
M
Which are the required families of characteristic

Hence, these are the families of circles and Hyperbola.
F
O
� � �z � � � � �z �z � � � � �z � � � �z �
E
r� � � = �x � x � �v � �u � � � x �x � �v � � x �x � �u �
T
�x � �x � � � ��
U
IT
�2z � 2z
T
r = x
2
� 2
S
�v2 �u �v
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Solve (D 2–DD'–2D'2)z = (2x 2+xy–y2)sinxy – cosxy. Where D and D� represent
� �
and .
�x �y
SOLUTION
Auxiliary equation given by
m2–m–2 = 0
(m–2)(m+1) = 0
m =–1,2
� C.F. = �1(y–x)+ �2(y+2x)
(2x 2 � xy � y 2 )sin(xy ) � cos xy
P.I. =
(D 2 � DD � � 2D �2 )
1
= ��(2x 2 � xy � y 2 )sin xy � cos xy �� (� y–x = a)
(D � D �)(D � 2D �)
1 �� 2x 2 � x (a � x ) � (a � x )2 � sin(a � x )x � cos x (a � x )� dx
�
S
=
(D � 2D �) �
E
C
N
1
IE
= (D � 2D �) � �� a � ax � 2x �� sin(ax � x ) � cos( x � ax )�� dx
2 2 2 2
C
S
1 L
= � ��(2x � a )(x � a )sin(ax � x 2 ) � cos(x 2 � ax )�� dx
A
D � 2D �
IC
T
1 cos(ax � x 2 )
A
= (x � a ) � � cos(ax � x 2 )dx � � cos(ax � x 2 )dx

M
D � 2D � �1
E
H
(y � 2x )
cos(xy )
T
= (� y+2x=b)
D � 2D �
A
M
� (b � 4x )cos(xb � 2x
2
= ) ex
F
O
= sin(xb–2x2)
E
P.I. = sin(xy)
T
U
� G.S. = �1 (x � y ) � �2 (y � 2x ) � sin(xy )
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). A tightly stretched string has its ends fixed at x=0 and x=l. At time t=0,the string
is given a shape defined by f(x)= �x(l–x), where � is a constant, and then re-
leased. Find the displacement of any point x of the string at time t > 0.
SOLUTION
Weve equation given by
� 2u 2 � u
2
= c ...(1)
�t 2 �x 2
string of length ‘l’.
Boundary conditions given by
u(0,t) = u(l, t) =0 ...(2)
Initial conditions given by
u(x,0) = �x(l–x) ...(3)
u t(x,0) = 0 ...(4)
Let u(x,t) = X(x)T(t) be the trail solution from(2) X(0)T(t) = X(l)T(t) = 0
for some t > 0, there exist T(t)�0.
� X(0)=X(l) = 0 ...(5)
from(1) XT'' = c2X''T
S
E
T �� X ��
C
� � � (say) ...(6)
N
2
c T X
IE
from(6) X''–�X = 0; X(0) = X(l) = 0
C
S
Case-(i)
��= 0, X = Ax + B
L
A
from(5) A=0; B=0 we reject �=0
IC
Case-(ii)
T
A
� = �2, X''–�2X=0 � X = Ae�x+Be–�x

M
from (5) A=0; B=0 we riject µ = �2

E
Case-(iii)
H
T
� = –�2, X''+�2X=0 � X = A cos�x + B sin�x

A
from (5) A=0; B=0 0=Acos�l+Bsin(�l)

M
� A = 0, �l = n�
F
O
� n� �
E
� = � �
T
� l �
U
from(6) T'''–�c2T = 0
IT
T
2
� n� �
S
putting � � �� 2 � � � �
IN
� l �
2
� n� c �
Tn�� Tn = 0
� l �
� n� ct � � n� ct �
� T n = Cn cos � � � Dn sin � �
� l � � l �
� �
� � n � ct � F sin � n� ct � � sin � n� x �
� u(x , t ) = � X nTn � � � En cos � �� n � ��
n �1 n �1 � � l � � l �� l �
from(4) ut(x,0) = 0
� n� c � � n� x �
� � Fn .sin � � = 0
� l � � l �
� Fn = 0
09652351152, 09652661152
�
� n�ct � � n� x �
� u(x,t) = �E
n �1
n cos � � sin�
� l � � l �
�
�
� n� x �
u(x,0) = �E
n �1
n sin �
� l �
� � µx (l � x )
2 l � n� x �
En =
l �0
µx (l � x )sin �
� l �
� dx
1
� � n� x � � � n� x �
µx (l � x )cos � �� µ(l � 2x )cos � �
2� � l �� 2 l � l �
l �0
= �
l � �n� � � n� �
��
l �0 � l �
l
� � n� x � � n� x � �
� µ(l � 2x )sin � � (�2� ) � � cos �
l ��
S
2 � l ��
= � �
E
l � (n� l )2 (n� l )3 �
C
��
N
IE
0
C
4� l 2
S
= [1 � (�1)n ] L
n 3� 3
A
IC
4 �l 2 (1 � (�1)n ) � n� ct � � n� x �
�
T
� u (x , t ) � cos � � sin � �
A
�3 n 3
� l � � l �
M
E
Required Solution
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN




ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a). Solve the PDE (D2–D')(D–2D')Z=e2x+y+xy
SOLUTION
Given (D2–D')(D–2D')Z=e2x+y+xy...(1)
complementary function corresponding to (D–2D') is given by �(y+2x)
For the non-linear part (D2–D')z = 0.
Let the trail solution be Z=Aehx+ky ...(2)
Put in (D2–D')Z = 0
Ae hx+ky(h 2)–Ae hx+ky(k) = 0
(h2 – k) Aehx+ky = 0
� h2 = k
� C.F. = � Ae hx � h y � � ( y � 2 x)
2
e2 x� y � xy
P.I. =
( D2 � D�)( D � 2D�)
e2 x � y xy
= �
(2 – 1)( D � 2 D �) ( �2 D�)(1 � D 2D�)(� D�)(1 � D2 D�)
S
2
E
C
�1
N
� D2 �
� � � �1
IE
e2 x � y
(1 D 2 D ) � 1 � xy
� D� �
C
= �
3( D � 2 D �)
S
2 D �2
L
A
�1
D � � D2 D4 �
IC
�
� 1 � � �1 � � � xy
T
� xe2 x � y � 2 D� � � D D�2 �
�
A
=
2 D �2
M
3
E
H
x e 2 x � y (1 � D 2 D�)( xy )
T
= �
2 D�
A
3
M
1 � y2 �
F
x 2x� y
� �
O
= e � xy �
3 2 D �2 � 4 �
E
T
U
x 2 x � y xy 3 y 4
e � �
IT
P.I. =
3 12 96
T
S
IN
x xy3 y4
� Z � � (2x � y) � � Aehx�h y � e2 x� y � �
2
3 12 96
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Find the surface satisfying the PDE (D 2–2DD'+D'2)z=0 and the condition that
bz=y2 when x=0 and az=x2 when y=0.
SOLUTION
Given �D 2
� 2 DD� � D�2 � Z � 0
( D � D�)2 z � 0.
Since it is homogenous equations.
General solutions
Z � �1 ( y � x ) � x�2 ( y � x)
when x = 0; bz = y2
z = �1(y)+0.�2(y)
y2
= � 1(y)
b
( x � y)2
� �1(x+y) =
S
b
E
when y = 0 ; az = x2
C
N
x2 ( x � 0)2
IE
= � x�2 ( x )
C
a b
S
x x L
�2 (x) = �
A
a b
IC
T
� 1 1�
�2(x+y) = (x+y) � � �
A
M
� a b�
E
H
( x � y)2 �1 1�
T
� Z = � x( x � y) � � �
A
b �a b�
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(a). Solve the following PDE pz+qy = x, x 0(s)=s y0(s)=1 z0(s)=2s by the method of
characterstics.
SOLUTION
f(x,y,z,p,q) = pz+qy –x ...(1)
given x0(s)=s y0(s)=1 z0(s)=2s ...(2)
Solving for p0,q0.
Z 0� ( s) = p0 X 0� ( s ) � q0 y0� ( s )
2 = p0 + 0
from(1)�� p0(2s)+q0(1)–s = 0
q0 = –3s
� (x0,y0,z0,p0,q0) = (s,1,2s,2,–3s) ...(3)
Charastic equations can be written as
X'(t) = fp = z ...(4)
y'(t) = fq = y ...(5)
z'(t) = pfp+qfq=pz+qy=x ...(6)
S
p'(t) = –fx–pfz=–(-1)-p(p)=1-p2
E
C
...(7)
N
q'(t) = –fy–qfz = –q–pq ...(8)
IE
from(5) y'(t) = y
C
S
dy L
y = dt � y = c1e
t
A
IC
T
��y0 � 1�
A
� y � et
M
E
H
dx dy dz
(4)+(5)+(6)�� = x� y� z
T
dt dt dt
A
M
d(x � y � z )
F
�
(x � y � z ) = dt
O
E
�
T
(x+y+z) = c 1e t
U
IT
x+z = c1e � e
t t
...(9)
T
S
dx dz
IN
(4)–(6) �� = z–x
dt dt
(x–z) = c 3e �t ...(10)
Put initial condition in (9)
s+2s = c1–1
c1 = 3s+1
� (x+z) = 3set
Putting initial condition is (10)
(x–z) = +c 3e –t
s–2s = c3
x–z = –se –t
s(3e t � e �t )
� x = ; ..(11)
2
09652351152, 09652661152
y = et; ..(12)
s(3e t � e � t )
z = ..(13)
2
(11) x 3e t � e �t
� =
(13) z 3e t � e �t
x 3y � 1 y
= 3y � 1 y �e t � y
z
� 3y 2 � 1 �
� z � x� 2 � required solutions.
� 3y � 1 �
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Reduce the following 2 nd order PDE into canonical form and find its general
solutions xu xx � 2x u xy � u x � 0.
2
SOLUTION
Given xr + 2x2s – p = 0 ...(1)
comparing with Rr + Ss + Tt + f(x, y, z, p, q) = 0
R = x, S = 2x2, T = 0
S2 – 4RT = 4x4 – 0 = 4x4 > 0. Hyperbolic �-quadratic is given by R�2+S�+T=0.
x�2 + 2x2� = 0
� � = 0 � = –2x
Hence characteristic equation
dy dy
� �1 = 0 ; � �2 = 0
dx dx
dy dy
= 0 � 2x = 0
S
dx dx
E
C
y = c1 , y – x 2 = c2
N
� Let u = y ...(2)
IE
v = y – x2 ...(3)
C
S
�z �z �u �z �v L
p� = . �
A
�x �u �x �v �x
IC
T
�z �z
A
= (0) � (�2x ) ...(4)

M
�u �v
E
H
�z �z �u �z �v
T
q� . �
A
�y = �u �y �v �y
M
F
O
�z �z
= � ...(5)
E
�u �v
T
U
IT
� � �z � � � �z �
r � � � = � �2x �
T
�x � �x � �x � �v �
S
IN
�z � � 2z �u �2z �v �
= �2 � 2x � . � 2 �
�v � �u�v �x �v �x �
�z � 2z
= �2 � 4x 2 2 ...(6)
�v �v
� � �z � � � �z �z �
s� � � �
�x � �y � = �x �� u �v ��
�2 z �u � 2 z �v � 2z �u � 2 z �v
= . � � �
�u 2 �x �u �v �x �u�v �x �v 2 �x
09652351152, 09652661152
� �2z �2z �
= �2x � � 2 � ...(7)
� �u �v �v �
Using (4)(5)(6)(7) given equation (1) transform to
� �z � 2z � � � � 2z � 2z � � � �z �
x � �2 � 4x 2 2 � � 2x 2 � �2x � � 2 � � � ��2x �0
� �v �v � � � �u �v �v �� v ��
� 2z
� 0 Required canonical form.
�u �v
�z
� = �1(u )
�u
z = � � (u ) � � (v )
1 2
S
E
z � � �1(y )dy � �2 (y � x 2 ) general solution
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). Solve the following heat equations
ut–uxx=0, 0<x<2, t>0, u(0, t) = u(2,t)=0, t>0. u(x,0)=x(2–x), 0 � x � 2.
SOLUTION
Heat flow equation ut–uxx=0.
�u � 2u
= ...(1)
�t �x 2
Boundary conditions u(0,t)=u(2,t)=0..(2) t>0.
Initial conditions u(x,0) = x(2–x) ...(3)
Let the trail solution be
u(x,t) = X(x)T(t)
From(2) X(0)T(t) = X(2)T(t) = 0
For some t > 0, there exist t such that T(t) � 0.
� X(0) = X(2) = 0. ...(4)
From(1) XT'� = X''T
T � X ��
S
�
E
= µ (say)
T X
C
N
Solving X''–µx = 0;
IE
X(0)=X(2) = 0
C
S
Case(i) L
µ = 0 X'' = 0 � X = Ax+B.
A
IC
Putting(4) A = 0, B = 0
T
� we reject µ=0.
A
Case(ii) µ = �2 X''–�2X=0 � X=Ae�x+Be–�x

M
E
Putting (4) � A=0 ; B=0

H
� we reject µ = �2
T
A
Case(iii) µ = –�2, � � 0
M
X'' + �2X = 0
F
O
� X = A cos � x � B sin � x
E
X(0) = A � B (0) � 0
T
U
IT
X(2) = B sin(2� ) � 0
T
� 2� = n �
S
IN
� = n� 2
� n� x �
� X n = Bn sin � �
� 2 �
Corresponding
T�
= µ
T
T�
= –� 2
T
2
�� t
T = ce
2 2
� Tn � c n e �n � t 4
� un (x , t ) = X n (x )Tn (t )
09652351152, 09652661152
�
� n� x � �n2� 2 t 4
u(x,t) = �D
n �1
n sin �
� 2 �
�e
�
� n� x �
u(x,0) = �D
n �1
n sin �
� 2 �
� � x(2 � x )
2 � n� x �
Dn =
2 � u(x )sin �
� 2 �
� dx
2 2 � n� x �
Dn = �
2 0
x(2 � x )sin�
� 2 �
�dx
16
Dn = �1 � (�1)n ��
(n� )3 �
S
16 � � 1 � ( �1)n � � n � x � � n 2� 2 t 4
��
E
u (x , t ) � � sin � � .e
C
� 3 n �1 � n 3 � � 2 �
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
dy
5(a). Obtain the soluton of the ordinary differential equation � (4 x � y � 1) 2 , if y(0) = 1
dx
SOLUTION
Let 4x + y + 1 = t
differentiating w.r.t to X,
dy dt
4� =
dx dx
dy dt
= �4
dx dx
substituting in the given equation.
dt
� 4 = t2
dx
dt
S
= t2 + 4
dx
E
C
N
dt
�t � dx � c
IE
=
2
�4
C
S
1 �t� L
tan�1 � � = x + c
A
2 � 2�
IC
T
1 � 4x � y � 1 �
A
tan�1 � � =x+c
M
2 � 2 �
E
H
Put the given condition y(0) = 1

T
A
1 � 0 �1 �1�
M
tan�1 � � = x+c
2 � 2 �
F
O
E
1� ��
T
c = � �
2�4�
U
IT
T
�
S
c =
8
IN
� Required solution
� ��
= � 4x � y � 2 � � 2tan � 2x � �
� 4�
� ��
y � �4x � 2 � 2tan � 2x � �
� 4�
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Determine the orthogonal trajectory of a family of curves represented by the
polar equation r = a(1 – cosθ), (r, θ) being the plane polar coordinates of any point.
SOLUTION
Given polar equation
r = a(1 – cos�) .....(1)
differentiating w.r.t. to �
dr
= a sin� .....(2)
d�
eliminating arbitary constant a
1 dr sin �
� =
r d� 1 � cos �
for orthogonal trajectories replace
dr r2
by �
d� dr
S
E
d�
C
N
IE
� r2 � sin �
1��
C
dr � =
1 � cos �
S
r� �
� d� � L
A
IC
�dr �1 � cos � � d�
� �
T
= �c
sin �
A
r
M
E
�
� tan 2 d� � c
H
–�nr =
T
A
M
�
–�nr = 2�n sec � c
F
2
O
E
�
T
r sec2 = c
U
2
IT
Required solution
T
S
r � c �1 � cos ��
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
� � � �
5.(e) For two vectors a and b given respectively by a � 5t 2iˆ � tjˆ � t 3 kˆ and b � sin tiˆ � cos tjˆ
d � � d � �
Determine: �i�
dt
�
a �b � and � ii �
dt
�a �b . �
SOLUTION
Given vector are
�
a = 5t 2 î � tjˆ � t 3 kˆ
�
b = sin iˆ � cos tjˆ
d � �
� �
d
(i)
dt
a�b =
dt
� 5t 2 sin t � t cos t �
= 10 t sint + 5t2 cost – cost + t sint
= 11 t sint + (5t2 – 1) cost
d � �
S
(ii) �
a�b �
E
dt
C
N
IE
î ˆj kˆ
C
� �
S
� a � b = 2t
2
t L �t 3
sin t � cos t 0
A
IC
T
= î � � t cos t � � ˆj � � t sin t � � kˆ � �5t cos t � t sin t �

A
3 3 2
M
E
H
= � t 3 cos iˆ � t 3 sin ˆj � � 5t cos t � t sin t � kˆ

T
A
M
d � �
� �
a � b = � �3t 2 cos t � t 3 sin t � iˆ � � 3t 2 sin t � t 3 cos t � ˆj � �10 cos t � 5t 2 sin t � sin t � t cos t � kˆ
F
dt
O
� �
E
= � t sin t � 3t cos t � î � � t cos t � 3t sin t � ˆj � 11t cos t � �1 � 5t � sin t kˆ

3 2 3 2 2
T
U
IT
is the required
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
� �
5.(f) If u and v are two scalar fields and f is a vector field, such that uf � grad v, find
� �
the value of f � curl f .
SOLUTION
Given that
u & v are scalar fields
�
& f is a vetor field
�
& uf
� = grad v
�
i.e. uf = � v .....(1)
We have to evaluate
� �
� �
f � curl f = f � � f � � .....(2)
�
(1) � uf � �v
Taking curl poth sides
S
E
�
� � uf � � = � � � �v �
C
N
IE
� �
� i �n � uf = �� v
C
�
S
�
L
A
� �u � �f �
� � �v = � i � ��
IC
� f �u �
� �n �n ��
T
A
M
�u � �u
� î � �n f �� î � �n
E
=
H
T
�
A
�u � ˆ � f
= � f � i � 4� î �
M
�n �n
F
O
�u � � �
� i �n � f � 4� �n î � f
E
=
T
U
� �
� �
IT
� � � � v � = � �u � � f � u � � f
T
S
�
� � �
IN
� u �� f = �u � f � � � �v
� � � � �
� � �
uf � u � � f � �
= uf � �u � f � uf � � � � �v �
� �
u f � �� f �
�
= 0 � uf � � � � �v �
2
�
� �
� �
u2 f curl f � = �v � � � � � v �
� � ��v � � � � �v �
� �
f � curl f � =
u2
= 0
� �
� �
f � curl f � 0 � is required result
09652351152, 09652661152
� dy �� dy � dy
6(a). Obtain Clairaut’s form of the differential equation � x � y �� y � y � � a 2 . Also
� dx �� dx � dx
find its general solution.
SOLUTION
dy
Let = p
dx
Given equation (xp – y) (yp + x) = a2p
Let x2 = u
y2 = v
2x dx = du
2y dy = dv
x dx du
� =
y dy dv
S
y
E
� p = P
C
x
N
IE
x
C
puting p � P in given equation
S
y
L
A
� x2p �
IC
x
� � y � � xp � x � = a 2 p
T
� y � y
A
M
E
a 2p
H
(x2p – y2) =
p �1
T
A
M
Put x2 = u
F
y2 = v
O
E
a 2p
T
pu – v =
p �1
U
IT
T
a 2p
S
v � pu �
IN
p �1
This is clearly is claurauts form

� General solution of given differential equation is
a 2c
y 2 � cx 2 �
c �1
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Obtain the general solution of the second order ordinary differential equation
y�� 2 y� � 2 y � x � e x cos x, where dashes denote derivatives w.r. to x.
SOLUTION
Given differential equation is
y�� 2y� � 2y = x + ex cos x
Auxillary equation of homogenous equation is
m2 – 2m + 2 = 0
� m = 1�i
� Complimentary function
y c = c1 excosx + c2 ex sinx
particular integral
1� e x cos x � x �
yp =
D2 � 2D � 2
S
E
1 1
= e x cos� x
C
D � 2D � 2
2
� � 2D � D2 � �
N
2 �1 � � ��
IE
� � 2 ��
C
S
1 � � 2D � D � �� x
cosx
L 2
A
= e
x
� �1�
IC
� D � 1�2 � 2� D � 1� � 2 2 �� 2 ��
T
A
M
e x cos x 1
= � � x � 1�
E
D2 � 1 2
H
T
� x � 1�
A
x
M
yp = e
x
sin x �
2 2
F
O
� Solution y = yp + yc
E
T
� x � 1� � ex x sin x
U
y � c1e x cos x � c 2e x sin x �

IT
2 2
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the second order differential
d2y
equation � 4 y � tan 2 x.
dx 2
SOLUTION
Given differential equations is
(D2 + 4) y = tan 2x
Auxillary equation is m2 + 4 = 0
m = ±2
� Complimentary function
yc = c1 sin 2x + c2 cos 2x
yc = c1 cos 2x + c2 sin 2x
Let u(x) = cos 2x
v(x) = sin 2x
u v cos 2x sin 2x
w(u.v) = � �2�0
u � v� �2 sin 2x 2cos 2x
� u.v all linearly independent
S
E
� Let yp(x) = A(x) u(x) + B(x) V(x)
C
N
Rv
A(x) = � �
IE
dx
W(u.v)
C
S
tan 2x � sin 2x L
= �� dx
A
2
IC
1 � cos 2 2x
T
= �� dx
A
2cos 2x
M
E
1
H
�cos 2x � sec 2x � dx
2�
=
T
A
M
1 � sin 2x �n � tan 2x � sec2x � �

2 �� 2
� � �
F
=
2
O
�
E
�1 sin 2x
T
= �n � sec 2x � tan 2x � �
U
4 4
IT
T
uR
� w(u, v) dx
S
B(x) =
IN
cos 2x � tan 2x
= � 2
dx
cos 2x
= �
4
� yp = A(x) u(x) + B(x) v(x)
� cos 2x
= �n � sec 2x � tan 2x �
4
General solution = yc + yp
1
y = c1cos 2x + c2 sin 2x – cos 2x �n(sec 2x + tan 2x)
4
09652351152, 09652661152
6(d) Use Laplace transform method to solve the following initial value problem:
d2x dx dx
� 2 � x � et , x (0) � 2 and � �1
dt 2 dt dt t �0
SOLUTION
Given x�� – 2x� + x = et
Applying Laplace transform on both sides
1
s2L(x) – sx(0) – x�(0) – 2s L(x) + 2x(0) + L(x) =
s �1
(Given x(0) = 2 and x�(0) = –1)
1
(s2 – 2s + 1) L(x) – 2s + 1 + 4 =
s �1
1 2s � 5
S
L(x) = �
� s � 1�� s � 1�
E
2
(s � 1) 2
C
N
IE
1 2 3
� �
C
L(x) =
� s � 1� (s � 1) (s � 1)2
3
S
L
A
IC
�1 � 1 2 3 �
X(t) = L � � � 2�
T
� (s �1) s �1 (s �1) �
3
A
M
E
t�t �
2
H
= � � 3t � 2 �
e
T
�2 �
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
8.(a) Examine whether the vectors �u, �v and �w are coplanar, where u, v and w are
the scalar functions defined by: u=x +y+z, v � x 2 � y 2 � z 2 and w= yz + zx + xy.
SOLUTION
Given that �u, �v & �w are co-planer
where u = x+y+z
�
� �u = � �x î � x � y � z �
= î � ˆj � k
ˆ
v = x2 + y2 + z2
� v = 2xiˆ � 2yjˆ � 2zk
ˆ
w = yz + zn + xy
�w = � y � z � î � � z � x � ˆj � � x � y � kˆ
S
E
C
for �u, �v & �w to be complanai; triple product must be zero. So evaluateing
N
scatar triple product.
IE
C
� �u �v �w � = � �u ��v � � �w
S
L
A
1 1 1
IC
2x 2y 2z
T
=
A
y�2 z�n x � y
M
E
H
Operate R3 ® (x + y +z) R3
T
A
M
1 1 1
F
= 2x y z
O
n y z
E
T
U
= 0
IT
By two rows are common-determinant must be zero.

T
S
Hence �u, �v & �w are the coplanar vectors.

IN
09652351152, 09652661152
� �
�� u � � ds
�
8.(b) If u � 4 yiˆ � xjˆ � 2 zkˆ, calculate the double integral over the hemisphere
given by x2 � y 2 � z 2 � a 2 , z � 0.
SOLUTION
�
u = 4yiˆ � xjˆ � 2zkˆ
S: x2+y2+z2 = a2, z � 0
y
S
E
z
C
N
Evaluate
IE
� � � �
�� u� � ds �� u� � nˆ ds
C
=
S
L
�s 2xiˆ � 2yjˆ � 2zk
ˆ xiˆ � yjˆ � zkˆ
A
� �
IC
n̂ =
�s 2� a a
T
A
M
E
î ˆj kˆ
H
T
� � � �
A
� � � u = �n �y �z
M
4y n �2z
F
O
E
= î � 0 � � ˆj � 0 � � kˆ �1 � 4 �
T
U
IT
= 3kˆ
T
S
� xiˆ � yjˆ � zkˆ �

IN
�
� � � u� � nˆ ˆ�
= �3k
a
3z
= �
a
dx = elementary syrface area
dx dy dx dy
= �
� �
ˆ
n̂ �k �z /a �
�
� Integral value = �� u� � n ds
09652351152, 09652661152
� �32 � dx dy
= ��
a � �z /a �
= �� 3 dx dy
= �3�� dx dy
in xy plane
= �3�� dx dy x2 + y2 = a2 & z = 0
Let x = cos�
y = sin�
2� a
= �3 � � r dr d�
�� 0 r � 0
S
9
E
� � � � r2 �
� � d� � � �
C
= � 3
N
� 0 � � 2 �0
IE
C
a2 �3� a 2
S
= �3 �� is require result
L
2 2
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
�
8.(c) If r be the position vector of a point, find the value(s) of n for which the vector
�
rnr is (i) irrotational, (ii) solenoidal.
SOLUTION
� �
r is a position vector of a point constidering rnr vector
(i) For irrotational
�
� � rn r = 0
� �
� � i �n � r n
r = 0
�
� �r n � r n � �r �
� � i � � �n � r � �x � = 0
� �
� �r � n ˆ �
� � i � �� n � r n �1
�
�x
�r � r k� = 0
�
S
E
C
� 2x � �
� � î � �� n � r n �1
� � r� = 0
N
2r �
IE
C
�
� î � � nr x r� =
S
n�2
�
L
A
� � î � r � nr
�
IC
n�2
� n = 0
T
A
nr n�2 � yk
ˆ � zjˆ � �
M
� = 0
E
H
�
nr n �2 � xykˆ � zjx �
T
� ˆ �0 = 0
A
M
�
Hence for real value of n the r nr will be irrotational.
F
O
� 0�0
E
T
(ii) For Solenoidal

U
IT
�
� � �rnr � = 0
T
S
IN
� � �
� � r n r � r n� � r = 0
� � �
nr n�1�r � r � r n� � r = 0
�
�r� �
� � � � r � � r �3� = 0
n �1 n
� nr
�r�
r2
� nr n �1 � 3r n = 0
r
� nrn + 3rn = 0
� (n + 3) rn = 0
� n+3 = 0
� n � �3
09652351152, 09652661152
�
8.(d) Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for the vector v � x 2iˆ � y 2 ˆj � z 2 kˆ taken over the
cube 0 � x, y , z � 1.
SOLUTION
Gauss Divergence Theorem
� � �
�� F dV = �� n ds
S
F
V
v = x î � y ˆj � z k
2 2 2ˆ
Where vector
Taken over the cube 0 � x, y, z � 1.
� �
Evaluate = �� v � n ds
S
.....(1)
(0, 1)
(1, 1)
S
E
C
N
IE
0 (1, 0)
C
S
L
A
IC
T
�
�� v � dv
A
Evaluate =
M
V
E
H
1 1 1
T
� � � �2x � y � 2z � dx dy dz
A
=
M
x �0 y �0 z �0
F
O
1 1
� � � 2xz � 2y z � z �
2 1
dx dy
E
= 0
T
x �0 y �0
U
IT
1 1
T
= � � �2x � 2y � 1� dx dy
S
IN
x �0 y �0
� �2xy � y � y � dx
2 1
= 0
x �0
� �2x � 1 � 1�
1
= 0
dx
x �0
2 1
= x 0
= 1 .....(1)
� �
Now Evaluating = �� F � nˆ � ds
S
= �� v � nˆ � ds
S � S1 � S2 � S 3 � S4 � S5 � S6
09652351152, 09652661152
S = S1+S2+S 3+S4+S 5+S 6
where
S1 : x = 0 S2 � x = 1
S3 : y = 0 S4 : y = 1
S5 : z = 0 S6 : z = 1
Alongs : x = 0
n̂ = � î
�� x î � y ˆj � z ��
� z 2kˆ � �î ds at x = 0
2 2 2
=
= �� x ds � 0
2
�� x � 0 �
Along S1 = 0
n̂ = � î
dy dz
S
�� x � �� x �� x � 1�
2 2
= dy dz
E
n̂ � î
C
S1
N
IE
= �� dy dz
C
S
= 1 L
A
Along S3 : y = 0
IC
T
n̂ � �ˆj
A
M
dx = dz dx
E
H
�� y � � ds �� 0 � ds ��s � 0 �
2
=
T
A
S3
M
= 0
F
O
Along S4 : y = 1
E
T
n̂ � ˆj
U
IT
�� y �� ds �� y � 1�
2
ds =
T
S
S4
IN
= �� dz dx
= Surface area of square
= 1
Along S5 : z : 0
n̂ � �kˆ
�� z �� 0 � ds � 0 ��z � 0 �
2
ds =
S5
Along S6 : z = 1
�� x ˆl � yjˆ � z kˆ � � � kˆ � ds �� z ds ��z � 1�
2 2 2
=
S6 S6
09652351152, 09652661152
= �� dx dy
= � �� dx dy
= –1
�� v �î � ds � �� v � kˆ � ds � �� v � ˆj� ds � �� v � ˆj� ds

� �
� �� v � n� ds
S
=
S1 S2 S3 S4
� �
� �� v � kˆ ds � �� v � k
S5
ˆ ds
S6
� �
= 0+1+0+1+0–1
� L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Gauss Divergence Theorem
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
3(d)
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a). Solve the PDE (D2–D'2+D+3D'–2)z = e(x–y)–x2y
SOLUTION
Given equation can be re written as
[( D � D1�( D � D1�) � 2( D � D1�) � ( D � D�) � 2) z � e x � y � x2 y
( D � D� � 2)( D � D� � 1) z � e x � y � x 2 y
C.F. = e�2 x�1 ( y � x) � e x�2 ( y � x)
�1 , �2 being arbitrary constants.
P.I. corresponding to ex–y
1 1
� ex� y = ex� y
( D � D� � D � 3D� � 2)
2 2
1 � 1 � 1 � (3) � 2
ex� y
=
2
P.I. corresponding to (–x2y)
S
E
�1
1
� � 1 � ( D � D�) �
C
� � x 2
y = � 1 � � �1 � ( D � D �) � x 2 y
�1
N
D � D3 � D � 3D� � 2
2 2
2� 2 �
IE
C
�1
1 � ( D � D �) �
�1 � (D � D�) � ( D � D�) ...� x
S
= �1 �
2 2
� y
2� 2 � L
A
IC
1 � � D � D� � �
�1
�x y � 2 xy � x 2 � xy � 4 x � 6 � �
T
= 2 ��1 � � 2 �
2
�
A
� � � �
M
E
H
1 � � D � D� � � D � D� � � D � D� � 2 �
2 3
= 2 � � 2 � � 2 � � 2 � � x y � 2xy � x � 2y � 4x � 6� ��
T
�1� � � 2
A
� � � � � � � �
M
F
1 � D D� D 2 D�2 DD� 3D�D 2 � 2

O
= 2 �1 � 2 � 2 � 4 � 4 � 2 � 8 .... � � x y � 2 xy � x � 2 y � 4 x � 6 �
2
E
� �
T
U
IT
1� 2 1 �
� x y � 2 xy � x � 2 y � 4 x � 6 � (2 xy � 2 y � 2 x � 4) �
2
=
T
2� 2 �
S
IN
�
2
�
1 2
x � 2 x � 2 � � � 2 y � 2 � � (0) � (2 x � 2) (2)
1
4
1
4
3
8
P.I.= �
1 2
2
x y � xy � 3 x 2 2 � 3 y 2 � 3 x � 21 4 �
�1 x � y � 1 � x 2 y � xy � 3x � 3 y � 3x � 21 �
2
�2 x
� General solution = e �1 ( y � x) � e �2 ( y � x) e � 4�
x
2 2� 2 2 �
09652351152, 09652661152
�z �z
5(b). Solve the PDE ( x � 2 z ) � � 4 zx � y � � 2 x 2 � y .
�x �y
SOLUTION
dx dy dz
Lagranges auxiliary equations are given by � � 2 .....(1)
x � 2 z 4 xz � y 2 x � y
Choose y,x,–2z as multiplirs
ydx � xdy � 2 zdz d ( xy � z 2 )
(1) = �
y ( x � 2 z ) � x (4 xz � y ) � 2 z (2 x � y 4)
2
0
= xy � z 2 � c1 .....(2)
Choosing 2x, –1, –1 as multipliers
2 xdx � dy � dz d ( x2 � y � z)
�
2 x ( x � 2 z ) � (4 xz � y ) � (2 x 2 � y 4) 0
S
x2 � y � z � c2 .....(3)
E
C
from (2) and (3). solution is given by
N
IE
� ( xy � z 2 , x 2 � y � z ) � 0
C
� being arbitrary functions.
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
�2 z
6(a). Find surface satisfying � 6 x � 2 and touching z = x3+y3 along its section by the
�x 2
plane x+y+1=0.
SOLUTION
�2 z
� 6x � 2
�x 2
�p
� 6x � 2
�x
p � 3x 2 � 2 x � � ( y )
z � x3 � x2 � x� ( y) � � ( y) ....(1)
Given surface satisfies z � x3 � y 3 and (x+y+1) = 0. (1) & (2) touch along their
common section by x+y+1=0.
�z �z
S
The values of �x , �y from (1) & (2) must be the same.
E
C
N
�z
IE
� from (1) � 3x2 � 2x � � ( y ) .....(4)
�x
C
S
�z � 3 L
from the given surface � ( x � y 3 ) � 3x 2 .....5)
A
�x �x
IC
Equating, (4) = (5) � 3x2 = 3x2 + 2x +��(y)

T
�(y) = –2x as x+y+1=0.

A
M
�(y) = 2y+2 .....(6)

E
H
�z
T
� �
Similarly
�y = x� ( y ) � � ( y )
A
M
�z
F
�y = x(2)+ � �( y ) from (6) �'(y)=2

O
E
T
�z
U
from (2) �y = 3y
2
IT
T
S
3y2 = 2 x � � �( y )
IN
� �( y ) = 3 y 2 � 2 x
� �( y ) = 3 y 2 � 2( y � 1)
� ( y) = y3 � y 2 � 2 y � c
� Z = x3 � x 2 � x(2 y � 2) � y3 � y 2 � 2 y � c
Z = x � y � x � 2 xy � y � 2 x � 2 y � c
3 3 2 2
Putting z = x3+y3, x + y = –1
Given c = 1
� Z � x 3 � y 3 � ( x � y � 1) 2 Required solution
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). Obtain the temperature distribution y(x, t) in a uniform bar of unit length whose
one end is kept at 100C and the other end is insulated. also it is given that y(x,0)
= 1–x, 0<x<1.
SOLUTION
Let the bar be placed along x axis with its one end at origin and other end at x = 1.
�y �2 y
�k 2 ....(1) heat equations
�t �x
Boundary conditions yx (1, t) = 0 y (0, t ) � 10.
Initial conditions y ( x, 0) � 1 � x 0 � x �1
Taking y(x, t) = u (x, t) + 10
Boundary condition changes to
u x (1, t ) � 0 ....(2)
u (0, t ) � 0 ....(3)
u ( x,0) � �( x � 9) ....(4)
Suppose u(x,t) = X(x) T(t)
S
E
� XT' = kX''T
C
N
T � X ��
�
IE
= �
�T X
C
S
� X'' – �X = 0 .....(5)
T' – �kT = 0 L .....(6)
A
From (2) and (3) X'(1)T(t)=0; X(0)T(t)=0
IC
T(t) depends on t and for some t , T(t)�0.

T
A
� X'(1) = 0, X(0) = 0
M
From (5)
E
H
Case(i): ��= 0
T
X(x) = Ax + B
A
M
X'(1) = 0 � A = 0
F
X(0) = 0 � B = 0
O
� X(x) = 0 � we reject � = 0.
E
Case(ii) � = �2, �� 0.

T
U
X'' –�x = 0
IT
X'' – �2X = 0
T
� X = A e�x + B e–�x
S
IN
X'(1) = A�e�+Be–�
X(0) = A+B
X'(1) = 0; X(0) = 0
� A = 0, B = 0
� we reject � = �2
Case(iii) � = –�2, � � 0
X'' + � X = 0
2
� X(x) = A cos �x + B sin�x

X'(1) = –A sin� + B �cos �=0
X(0) = A = 0
�
cos� = 0 ��= (2n–1)
2
� 2n � 1 �
Xn (n) = Bnsin � � x�
� 2 �
09652351152, 09652661152
From(6) T'–�kT = 0
2
�� 2 n � 1 � �
T '+ �� T � �
�� 2 � �
�c t 2
� Tn(t) = Dn e n
� 2n � 1�
2
c n2 � � 2k
4
� un(x,t) = X(x)T(t)
� (2n � 1)� x � �cn2t
� un(x,t) = En �sin. �� e
� 2
�
� (2n � 1)� x � � cn2t
u(x,t) = �E
n �1
n ��sin 2 ��e
Putting t = 0
S
E
�
(2 n � 1)� x
�E
C
u(x,0) = n sin
N
n �1 2
IE
�
(2n � 1)� x
C
–(x+9) = �E sin
S
n
n �1
A2 L
(2n � 1)� x
1
IC
2
� En � � ( � x � 9) sin .dx
T
20 2
A
M
1
� 2n � 1� � x �
E
� � 2n � 1 �
� (x � 9)( � cos � 2 � � x ) (�1)sin
H
�
� � 2
T
En � �2 � � �
A
� � (2n � 1)� 2 (2n � 1)2 � 2 4 �

M
��
F
0
O
E
8( �1) n 36
T
En � �
U
(2n � 1)� 2 (2n � 1)�

IT
T
S
� �x� 2
y ( x, t ) � 10 � En �sin(2n � 1) � e � cn t
IN
� 2 �
Required solutions.
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2
dy 2 xy e( x y )
5(a). Solve � 2
dx y (1 � e( x y ) ) � 2 x 2 e( x y )
2 2
SOLUTION
Clearly given equation is homogenous
y dy dt
Let �t� �t�x
x dx dx
2
dt 2t e1/t
� t�x = 2
dx
2
t 1 � e1/t � 2e1/t
2
� �
2
x dt 2te1/t
= 2 �t
dx
2
�
t 1 � e1/t � 2e1/t
2
�
� �
S
2
�t 3 1 � e1/t
E
x dt
= 2
C
dx
2
�
t 1 � e1/t � 2e1/t
2
N
IE
C
�1 � e � t � 2e
S
1/t 2 2 1/t 2
dx L
� = � dt
t �1 � e �
A
x 3 1/t 2
IC
T
A
dt d 1 � e
1/t
� 2
�
M
dx
� = �
E
x t 1 � e1/t
2
� �
H
T
A
integrating both sides

M
� �
F
2
��n x = �n t � �n 1 � e
1/t
C
O
E
� �
T
2
�n tx = �n 1 � e
1/t
C
U
IT
T
�
� y � C 1 � e(x/y )
2
�
S
IN
Required solution.
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves x 2 � y 2 � ax.
SOLUTION
Goven equation x2 + y2 = ax
differenting w.r.t to x
dy
2x � 2y = a
dx
eliminating the arbitary constant a
� dy �
� �x 2
� y 2 � = � 2x � xy
�
�x
dx �
for othogonal trajections replace
dy 1
by �
dx dy /dx
(�1)
S
x2 + y2 = 2x � 2xy
2
E
dy /dy
C
N
IE
dx
2xy
C
dy = (x – y )
2 2
S
L
A
dy 2xy
IC
= 2
dx x � y2
T
A
Take common x2 from Nr and Dr

M
E
2� y / x�
H
dy
=
T
1� �y / x�
2
dx
A
M
Clearly given equation is homogenous, then

F
O
y dy d dt
� t� � � tn � � t � x
E
put
x dx dx dx
T
U
IT
dt 2t
� t�x =
T
dx 1 � t2
S
IN
dt t � t3
x =
dx 1 � t2
dx �1 � t2 � dt
=
x t � t3
dx �1 2t �
= � � dt
� t 1 � t ��
2
x
�nx = �n t � �n(1 � t ) � C
2
Ct
x =
1 � t2
Put t = y/x
� x 2
� y 2 � cy
09652351152, 09652661152
5(c). Using Laplace transforms, solve the intial value problem
y�� 2 y� � y � e �t , y(0) � �1, y�(0) � 1
SOLUTION
Given equation y�� + 2y� + y = e–t
Applying Laplace transform as both sides
L(y�� + 2y� + y) = L(e –t )
1
s2L(y) – sy(0) – y�(0) +2sL(y) – 2y(0) +L(y) =
s �1
(given, y(0) = –1, y�(0) = 1)
1
�s 2
� 2s � 1��L (y) � s � 1 � 2 �
s �1
1
(s+1)2 L(y) = � � s � 1�
s �1
S
E
1 1
L(y) = (s � 1)3 � (s � 1)
C
N
IE
Applying inverse transform
C
S
�t t2 L
y(t) = e � e �t
A
2
IC
T
� t2 �
A
y(t) � e � t � � 1�
M
�2 �
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
� � � �
5.(e) If A � x 2 yzi � 2 xz 3 j � xz 2 k
� � � �
B � 2 zi � yj � x 2 k
�2 � �
Find the value of
�x�y
� �
A � B at (1, 0, –2).
SOLUTION
� � � �
Given A � x 2 yzi � 2 xz 3 j � xz 2 k
� � � �
B � 2 zi � yj � x 2 k
�2 � �
Then the value of � A � B� � ?
�n �y
î ˆj kˆ
� �
A � B = x yz �2xz
2 3
xz 2
S
E
2z y �x 2
C
N
IE
� �
A � B = � 2x 3 z 3 � xyz 2 � î � ˆj � x 4 yz � 2xz 3 � �k̂ � x 2 y 2 z � 4xz 4 � .....(1)
C
S
Partially differentiating (1) w.r.t. ‘y’ L
A
� �
� � A � B�
IC
� = � xz 2 î � x 4 z ˆj � 2x 2zy k
ˆ .....(2)
�y
T
A
M
Now partially differentiating (2) w.r.t.’x’

E
� �
H
�2 � A � B �
T
= �z 2 î � 4x 3 z ˆj � 4xyz k
ˆ
A
�x �y
M
At (1, 0, –2)
F
O
� �
�2 � A � B �
E
= � � �2� î � 4 � 1 � � �2 � ˆj � 0
2
T
�x �y
U
IT
� �
�2 � A � B �
T
= �4 î � 8 ˆj
S
�x �y
IN
is the required answer
09652351152, 09652661152
6(a). Show that the differential equation
�
(2 xy log y)dx � x 2 � y 2 y 2 � 1 dy � 0 �
is not exact. Find an integrating factor and hence, the solution of the equation.
SOLUTION
Given equation is
� 2xy log y � dx � � x 2 � y 2 �
1 � y 2 dy � 0
comparing with standard exact equation Mdx + Ndy = 0

� M = 2xy logy
N = x2 � y2 1 � y2
�M
�y = 2x logy + 2x.
S
E
�N
C
= 2x
�x
N
IE
�M �N
C
sinu �
S
�y �x A
L
� Given equation is not exact
IC
T
�N �M
�
A
�x �y �2x log y �1
M
= � � f(y)
E
M 2xy log y y
H
T
1 1
A
� � y dy � log y
log
I.F. = e = e �e y
M
�
F
1
O
I.F. = y
E
T
U
Multiply by integrating factors we have

IT
T
� x2 �
� �
S
2x log y dx � � � y 1 � y 2 � dy � 0
IN
� y �
this is exact differential equation.
� � �2x log y � dx � � y y 2 � 1 dy � C
�y � 1�
2 3/2
x 2
log y � �C
3
� Solution of given equation
� � y 2 � 1� �
3/2
� x log y �
2 � �C
� 3 �
� �
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Find the general solution of the equation
y�� y�� 12 x 2 � 6 x.
SOLUTION
Given equation y�� – y� = 12x2 + 6x
� (D3 – D2)y = 12x2 + 6x
Homogenous equation of given problem is
D 3 – D2 = 0
Auxillary equation of given equation m3 – m2 = 0
m = 0, 0, 1
� Complementary fuction
CF = C1 + C2 x + C3ex
Particular integral
P.I =
�12x 2
� 6x �
D3 � D2
S
E
�1
C
2 �
1 � D� �12x 2 � 6x �
�1
=
N
D
IE
C
�1
�1 � D � D2 .....�� 12x 2 � 6x �
S
=
D2 � L
A
IC
�1
= �12x 2 � 6x � 24x � 6 � 24��
2 �
T
D
A
M
y p � � x 4 � 5x 3 � 15x 2
E
H
T
� General solution = C1 + C2x + C3 ex – x4 – 5x3 – 15x2

A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). Solve the ordinary differential equation
x( x � 1) y �� (2 x � 1) y� � 2 y � x2 (2 x � 3)
SOLUTION
Given y ��
� 2x � 1� y � � 2y � x(2x � 3)
x � x � 1� x(x � 1) (x � 1)
comparing with y��+ Py� + Qy = R, we have
� � 2x � 1�
P =
x(x � 1)
2
Q =
x(x � 1)
x(2x � 3)
R =
(x � 1)
Clearly 2 + 2P x + Qx2 = 0
u = x2 is the part of complementary function when the part of complementary
function is know.
Let y = uv
S
E
when u = x2
C
� new equation is v.
N
IE
d2 v � 2u� � dv R
� �P � � �
C
2
dx � u � dx u
d 2 v � � � 2x � 1� 4 � dv � 2x � 3 � S
L
A
��
dx 2 � x � x � 1� x � dx
IC
x(x � 1)
T
d2 v � 2x � 3 � dv 2x � 3
A
� �
M
dx 2
x(x � 1) dx x � x � 1�
E
H
dv
T
Let = t
A
dx
M
dt 2x � 3 2x � 3
� � t�
F
dx x(x � 1) x(x � 1)
O
E
dt � 2x � 3 �
T
= � � dx
U
1� t � x(x � 1) �
IT
integrating on bothsides
T
S
�3 �1 �
��n �1 � t � = � �� x � x � 1�� dx � c
IN
��n �1 � t � = 3 �nx – �n (x – 1) + c
(x � 1)
(1 – t) = c
x3
dv c c
= 1� 2 � 3
dx x x
c c
v = x � 1 � 12 � c 2
x 2x
� genral solution y = uv
c1
y = x � c1x � � c2x2
3
2
� x �1� 2 3
y � c1 � � � c2x � x
� 2 �
09652351152, 09652661152
8.(a) Derive the Frenet-Serret formulae.
Define the curvature and torsion for a space curve. Compute them for the space
2 3
curve x � t , y � t , z � t
2
3
Show that the curvature and torsion are equal for this curve.
SOLUTION
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
Part-2
Given curve is
2 3
x = t, y = t2, z = t
3
�
� r(t) = xiˆ � yjˆ � zkˆ
2 3ˆ
= tiˆ � t ˆj � t k
2
3
�
dr
� = î � 2tjˆ � 2t 2k
ˆ .....(1)
dt
�
dr ds
� = � 1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4
dt dt
�
d3 r ˆ
= 4k
dt3
� �
S
dr d 2 r
E
� 2
C
dt dt
k =
N
� �3
dr
IE
dt
C
S
� � î ˆj ˆ
k
L
A
dr d 2r
IC
� � 2 = 1 2t 2t 2
dt dt
T
0 2 4t
A
M
= î � 8t 2 � 4t 2 � � ˆj � 4t � � kˆ � 2�
E
H
= � 4t 2 � î � � 4t � ˆj � 2k
ˆ
T
A
M
2 1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4 2
F
k� �
� 1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4 �
O
3
1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4
E
T
� � �
U
� dr d 2r d 3 r �
IT
�� dt dt 2 dt 3 ��
T
T = Torsion = � �2
S
dr d2 r
�
IN
dt dt 2
1 2t 2t 2
0 2 4t
0 0 4
=
4 �1 � 4t � 4t 4 �
4 � 2�
=
4 �1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4 �
2
T�
1 � 4t 2 � 4t 4
K�T
09652351152, 09652661152
8(b). Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for
� �� xy � y � dx � x dy�
2 2
C
where C is the closed curve of the region bounded by y = x and y = x2.

SOLUTION
Given integral is
� �� xy � y � dx � x dy ��
2 2
C
Comparing above integral with
� �P dx � Qdy �
C
we get P = xy + y2
Q = x2
According to Green’s theorem
S
� �Q �P �
P dx � Qdy = ��
E
dx dy
� �x �y ��
C
S �
C
N
IE
L.H.S. = � P dx � Qdy
C
C
S
L
� �dy � y � dx � x dy
2 2
= .....(2)
A
C
IC
where C(curve) is region bounded by

T
A
M
C2 : y � x �
�
E
Let .....(1)
C1 : y � x 2 �
H
T
A
Along the curve C1 : y = x2

M
dy = 2x dx
F
O
(2) � L.H.S.�C � x � x 2 � x 4 � dx � x 2 � 2x dx �
E
1
T
U
1
IT
= � �x 4
� x 3 � 2x 3 � dx
T
0
S
IN
= � �x
0
4
� 3x 3 � dx
1
x 5 3x 4 1 3 19
= � � � �
5 4 0 5 4 20
Along the curve C2
� � xy � y � dx � x dy
2 2
= C
Now put y = x
= �C2
� x 2 � x 2 � dx � x 2dx
09652351152, 09652661152
0 0
x3
= � 3x dx � 3
2
= –1
1 3 1
19 �1
� �C
P dx � Qdy = �
20
�1 �
20
� �Q �P �
R.H.S. = �� x � �y �� dx dy
S
x �1 y � x
�� 2 �
� � � �x � x � � �y � xy � y � �dy � dx
2
=
x �0 y �x 2 � �
1 x
= � � � 2x � x � 2y �dy � dx
x �0 y � x2
S
E
1 x
� � � x � 2y �dy � dx
C
=
N
x �0 y � x2
IE
C
S
1
x
= � xy � y 2 x2
� dx
L
A
x �0
IC
T
1 1
� � � x 3 � x 4 � x 2 � x 2 � dx � � x 4 � x 3dx
A
=
M
x �0 x �0
E
H
1
T
�x 4 x 5
�
A
=
4 5
M
0
F
O
�1 1 �1
= � �
E
4 5 20
T
U
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S.

IT
Green’s thorem verified

T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
� � � �
8.(c) If F � yi � ( x � 2 xz) j � xyk , evaluate
� � � �
�� F �. n d s
S
where S is the surface of the sphere x2 � y 2 � z 2 � a 2 above the xy � plane.

SOLUTION
�
F = yiˆ � � x � 2xz � ˆj � xykˆ
� � � �
I = �� F � � n ds
S
where S : x2 + y2 + z2 = a2 above xy plane
î ˆj kˆ
� � � � �
� � � F = �x �y �z
S
E
y x � 2xz � xy
C
N
IE
C
� � � � xy � � � ��
= î � � x � 2xz � � � ˆj �� y � � � � xy � �� kˆ � � x � 2xz � � � y � �
S
�
� �y �z � � �z �x � � �x �y L�
A
IC
= � � x � 2x � î � ˆj � � y � � kˆ �1 � 2z � 1�
T
A
M
= xiˆ � yjˆ � 2xk

ˆ
E
H
T
�S 2xiˆ � 2yjˆ � 2zkˆ 2xiˆ � 2yjˆ � 2zk

ˆ
A
n̂ = = �
M
�S 4x 2 � 4y 2 � 4z 2 2 x2 � y2 � z2
F
O
xiˆ � yjˆ � zk
ˆ
E
=
T
a
U
IT
� x 2 � y 2 � 2z 2 �
T
� �
� ��F � = � �
S
� a
� �
IN
dx dy dx dy dx dy dx dy
dS = � � �
ˆ
n̂ � k � xiˆ � yjˆ � zk
ˆ �kˆ �� z �
� �
z
a
a � a �
� x 2 � y 2 � 2z 2 � dx dy
� I = �� a
� �z 7x 2 � y 2
� � z /a
x2 � y2 � 2 � x2 � y 2 � 3 � x 2 � y 2 � � 2a 2
= �� a2 � x2 � y2
dx dy � �� a 2 � x2 � y2
dx dy
In xy-plane
09652351152, 09652661152
x2 + y2 = r2 & z = 0
Let x = r cos�
y = r sin�
dx dy = r drd�
3r 2 � 2z 2
� I = �� a 2 � r2 dx dy
3r 2 � 2z 2
= �� a 2 � r 2 r dr d�
�/2
� a 3r2 � 2a 2 � � a 3r 2 � 2a 2 r
= � � � r dr � d� � �
a 2 � r2 � 2 r �0 a � r
2 2
��0 � r �0
Let r = a sint
dr = a cost dt
S
E
�/2
� 3a 2 sin t � 2a 2
�
C
= � a sin t � a cos t dt
N
2 0 a cos t
IE
C
�/2
�
S
= � � �3a 3 �1 � cos 2 t � � 2a 3 � d � cot �
2 � L �
A
0
IC
�/2
T
�/2
�� 3 3
3 cos t �
�
A
= � 3a cot � 3a � 2a 3 cot �
M
2 0 � 3 �0
E
H
�� 3
T
= �a cot � a 3 cos3 t �� 0
A
2 �
M
F
Hence value of integral

O
� � �
E
�� F � n ds � 0
T
U
S
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(a). Solve the PDE ( D � 2 D�)( D � D�)2 z � e x � y
SOLUTION
Auxiliary equation for the given PDE (m–2) (m–1)2 = 0
� m = 2, 1, 1.
� C.F. = �1 ( y � 2 x ) � �2 ( y � x ) � x�3 ( y � x)
ex� y
Particular integral =
( D � 2 D�)( D � D�)2
1 ex� y
=
( D � D �) 2 (1 � 2)
�e x � y
=
( D � D�) 2
� x2 x � y
P.I. = e
2
S
� General solution y = C.F. + P.I.
E
C
x2 x� y
N
y = �1 ( y � 2 x ) � �2 ( y � x ) � x�3 ( y � x) � e
IE
2
C
Where �1, �2,�3 are arbitrary functions.
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(a). Solve the PDE px + qy = 3z .....(1)
SOLUTION
dx dy dz
Lagranges auxiliary equation of (1) is given by � � .....(2)
x y 3z
dx dy
(2)� � ��ln x = l ny + lnc1
x y
x = c1 y
x/y = c 1
dy dz lnz
(2)� y � 3z ��lny = �l nc2
3
y3
� c2
z
� � � x y , y z � � 0 � being arbitrary functions.
3
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). A string of length ‘l’ is fixed at its ends. The string from the mid point is pulled
up to a height k and then released from rest. Find the deflection y(x, t) of the
vibrating string.
SOLUTION
l
Given string of length ‘l’ pulled upwards by k units at n � .
2
� Initial Conditions:
x 2kx
u(x,0) = k l 2 = for 0<x< l 2
l
2k (l � x)
= �k l /2 (x � l ) � for l 2 < x < l
l
ut(x, 0) = 0
Boundary conditions
u(0, t) = 0
v(l, t) = 0
PDE of transverse vibrations of the given elastic string is given by
�2 y 1 � 2 y
S
� .....(1)
E
�x 2 c 2 �t 2
C
N
Let us suppose y(x, t) = X(x) T(t)
IE
From boundary conditions we have
C
X(0)T(t) = 0
S
X(l) T(t) = 0 L
T(t) � 0 for some t > 0.
A
� X(0) = X(l) = 0 .....(2)
IC
� From (1)
T
X''T = 1 c 2 XT ��
A
X �� T � '
M
Let � 2 = �
E
X cT
H
� X'' – �X = 0 solve using the boundary conditions.

T
A
Case(i)
M
� = 0 ��X'' = 0
�
F
X = X = Ax = B
O
From(2)� X(0) = 0; X(l) = 0 � A = 0 and B = 0

E
� We reject � = 0.
T
Case(ii) � = +�2, �� 0

U
X'' – � X = 0
2
IT
Solving X = Ae�x + B e–�x

T
from(2) � X(0) = 0; X(l) = 0

S
IN
A + B = D; Ae�l � Be � �l � 0
� A = 0 and B = 0
� We reject � = �2
Case(iii) � = –�2 � X''+�2X = 0
solving X = A cos �x + B sin �x
X(0) = 0; X(l) = 0 � A = 0, sin�l = 0
n�
��
l
� n� x �
� Xn(x) = Bn sin � �
� l �
we have T''+� 2c2 T = 0
solving T(t) = C cos(�ct) + D sin (�ct)
� n� ct � � n� ct �
Tn (t) = C cos � � � D sin � �
� l � � l �
09652351152, 09652661152
� µ(x, t) = �(x) �(t)
�
� � n� ct � � n� ct � � � n� x �
= � � E Cos �� n
l �
� � Fn sin � � � sin �
� l �� l �
�
n �1 �
Applying initial conditions
ut(x,0) = 0
� n� c n� ct n� c � n� ct �� n� x
� � � En .sin � Fn cos � �� sin � ut ( x, t )
� l l l � l �� l
� ut(x,0) � Fn = 0
�
� n� ct � � n� x �
� u(x, t) = �E
n �1
n cos �
� l �
� .sin �
� l �
�
2kx
We have u(x, 0) = 0� x�l 2
l
2k (l � x)
= l 2 � x � l.
l
S
� n� x �
1
2
En = � u ( x, 0)sin �
E
� dx
C
l 0 � l �
N
IE
2 � 2kx � n� x � 2k (l � x) � n� x � �
l 2 l
En = l � l
� � � � dx �
C
.sin � � dx sin �
� l � � l � �
S
�0 l /2
l
L
A
l
� �
l 2 � n� x sin � n� x � �
� n� x � �
IC
� n� x � � � (l � x ) cos � ��
� �
x � cos � � � � sin � �� 4k � l ��
T
4k � � � l �� l �� 2 � l �
� �
A
= 2 l � n� l � n� l � �
2
l � n� l � n� l �2 �
M
� � �
� ��
E
l 2
� �0
H
T
4k � l 2 � n� ��
A
n� l2 n� l2 n� l2 l2
� � � � � � �
M
= l 2 � 2n� cos
2 n�
sin
2 2n�
cos ( 1)
n�
sin n
n�
sin � ��
� 2 ��
2 2 2 2 2 2
� 2
F
O
8k � n� �
E
= sin � �
n�
2 2
� 2 �
T
U
� 8k ( �1) n �1
IT
� 2 , if n � 2m � 1(odd) & m � 1, 2,3,...

T
En = � � (2m � 1)
2
S
�0 , if n � 2m (even) & m � 1, 2,3,..

IN
�
Substituting the above value of En in ( ), the required displacement function is
given by
8k � (�1)n �1 (2n � 1)� ct (2n � 1)� x
2 �
� u ( x, t ) � cos .sin
� n �1 (2n � 1) 2
l l
Required solution
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
dy
5(a). y is a function of x, such that the differential coefficient is equal to cos(x + y)
dx
+ sin (x + y). Find out a relation between x and y, which is free from any derivative/
differential.
SOLUTION
dy
Given � cos(x � y) � sin(x � y) .....(1)
dx
dy dt
take x+y = t � 1 � �
dx dx
dt
� 1 = cost + sint
dx
dt
= 1 + cost + sint
dx
S
E
dt
C
= dx
1 � cos t � sin t
N
IE
dt
C
� dx
S
2cos t /2 � 2sin t /2 cos t /2
2 A
L
Integrating both sides
IC
T
1 t
A
sec 2 dt
M
2 2
� � � dx
E
t
H
1 � tan
2
T
A
M
� t�
log �1 � tan � = x + c
F
O
� 2�
E
T
� � x � y ��
U
log �1 � tan � �� x � c
IT
� � 2 ��
T
S
Required solution.
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(b). Obtain the equation of the orthogonal trajectory of the family of curves represented
by rn = a sin n � , (r, � ) being the plane polar coordinates.
SOLUTION
Given r n = a sin n� .....(1)
applying log on both sides
n log r = loga + log sinn�
differenting w.r.t. �.
n dr
= n cotn �
r d�
for finding orthogonal trajectories replace
dr �r 2d�
by
d� dr
n � �r 2d� �
� � �
r � dr � = n cotn �
S
E
C
d� �dr
N
=
IE
cot n� r
C
integerating both sides
S
L
log(sec n�)
A
= –logr + c
IC
n
T
� Simplifying
A
M
r n � K cos n� K being arbitrary constant

E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
5(e) Show that the curve
�1� t � ˆ �1� t � ˆ
2
�
x (t ) � tiˆ � � �
� t ��
j �� t �� k
lies in a plane.
SOLUTION
1 � t � ˆ � 1 � t2 � ˆ
r(t) � tiˆ � ��
�
� j�� k
� t � � t �
�
dr � 1� 1 ˆ
� � � i � � 2 � ˆj � �� 1 � 2 �� k
dt � t � � t �
�
d2r 2 2 ˆ
2
� 0iˆ � 3 ˆj � �� 3 �� k
dt t �t �
d 3 r �6 ˆ 6 ˆ
S
� 4 j� 4 j
E
dt 3 t t
C
N
IE
1 � 1�
C
1 � �1 � 2 �
S
t2 � t � L
�
� dr d2 r d 3r � 2 �2
A
� dt dt 2 dt 3 � � 0
IC
� � t3 t3
T
�6 6
A
0
M
t4 t4
E
H
T
�12 �12 � �
A
1� 7 � � 7 �� 0
M
�t � t ��
F
O
� z = 0 so the curve lies in the plane

E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(a). Solve the differential equation
(5x3 + 12x2 + 6y2) dx + 6xy dy = 0.
SOLUTION
Given that,
(5x3 + 12x2 + 6y2) dx + 6xy dy = 0....(1)
Comparing with Mdx + Ndy = 0
M = 5x3 + 12x2 + 6y2
N = 6xy
�M
= 12y
�y
�N
= 6y
�x
�M �N
� given equation is not exact
�y �x
S
E
C
To find I.F.
N
IE
�M �N
�
C
�y �x 6y 1
S
= � � f(x) L
N 6xy x
A
IC
1
� f (x )dx � e x dx � x
T
� I.F. = e
A
M
� Multiplying (1) with I.f.

E
We have (5x4 + 12x3 + 6y2x) dx + (6x2y) dy = 0

H
T
� Mdx � � Ndy � 0
A
� Solution is given by
M
y constant y terms not containing

F
O
� �5x � 12x 3 � 6y 2 x � dx � 0 � C
4
E
T
U
x 5 � 3x 4 � 3x 2 y 2 � C
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
6(b). Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the differential equation
d2y
+ a2y = sec ax.
dx 2
SOLUTION
Given that,
d2y
+ a2y = sec ax .....(1)
dx 2
(1) � � D2 � a 2 � y � sec ax
d
where D =
dx
Auxiliary equation given by
m2 + a2 = 1 � m = ±ia
� C. F = C1 cos ax + C2 sin ax
Assuming y p = Au + Bv
where u = cos ax; v = sin ax
S
E
u.v needs to be linearly independent
C
N
u v cos ax sin ax
IE
w(u.v) = � = a(cos2 ax + sin2 ax) = a(1)
u� v� �a sin ax a cos ax
C
S
a�0 A
L
� vR
� � dx
IC
A(x) =
w
T
A
� sinax.sec ax
�
M
= dx
a
E
H
� log(sec ax)
T
A =
A
a2
M
uR
F
B = � dx
O
w
E
T
cos ax .sec ax
� dx
U
=
a
IT
T
x
S
=
IN
a
� log � sec ax � x
� yp = 2
� cos ax � sin ax
a a
� y = y c + yp
x
y � c1 cos ax � c2 sinax � sin ax
a
log � cos ax � cos ax
�
a2
Required Solution.
09652351152, 09652661152
6(c). Find the general solution of the equation

d2y dy
x2 2 + x + y = ln x sin (ln x).
dx dx
SOLUTION
Given that,
d2y dy
x2 2 + x + y = ln x sin (ln x) .....(1)
dx dx
Put x = ez ,z = logx
transforming D , D,
2
x2D2y = D1(D1 – 1)y

xDy = D 1y
d
where D =
dx
d
D1 =
dz
� given equation transform to
S
(D1 (D1 – 1) + D1 + 1) y = z sinz
E
C
�D 2
� 1� y = z sinz
N
1 .....(2)
IE
Auxiliary equation of (2) is given by
C
m2 + 1 = 0 � m = i,-i
S
� y c = C1 cosz + C2 sinz L
A
1
� z sin z �
IC
yp =
D �1
2
T
1
A
� 1 �
M
= Imaginary part Im � 2 � z e iz � �
E
� D1 � 1 �
H
T
� iz z �
A
= Im.P. �e (D � i)2 � 1�
M
� 1 �
F
� z �
O
iz
= Im.P. � e �
D � 2D1i �
2
E
� 1
T
U
� iz 1 � D � D �2 � �
IT
= Im.P. �e ��1 � 1 � � 1 � ..... �� z �

�� 2D1i � 2i � zi � � ��
T
S
IN
� iz � � z 2i z � �
= Im.P. �e � � � ��
� � 4 4 ��
�z 2 z
= cos z � sin z
4 4
y = yc + y p
z z2
y = C1 cos z � C2 sin z � sin z � cos z
4 4
y � C1 cos � log x � � C2 sin � log x �
� log x � sin � log x �
2
� � log x � � cos � log x �

4 4
Required solution
09652351152, 09652661152
6(d). By using Laplace transform method, solve the differential equation (D2 + n2) x =
d2 dx
a sin (nt + �), D2 = subject to the initial conditions x = 0 and = 0, at
dt 2 dt
t = 0, in which a, n and � are constants.
SOLUTION
Given (D2 + n2) x = a sin (nt + �) .....(1)
Applying Laplace transform on both sides
S2 L(x) – S. x(0) – x�(0) + n2 L(x) = L[a sin nt cos� + a cos nt. sin�]
n S
(S2 + n2) L(x)= acos�� asin�� 2 2
S �n2
2
S �n
n S
L(n) = a cos � � a sin � 2
�S � n �
22
� S � n2 �
� n � � S �
�1 �1
X(t) = acos�L � 2 2 2 � � asin�L � 2 2 2 � .....(2)
� �S � n � � ��S �n � �
S
� � � �
E
C
we know
N
IE
n
L�1
� S � n2 � = sin(nt)
C
2
S
L
A
� d � n ��
IC
L�1 � � 2 2 � � = � �1� t.sin(nt)

� dS � S � n � �
T
A
M
t
� S �
� sin nt
E
� �1
L � 2 2 � = .....(3)
� �S � n � �
H
2
� � 0
T
A
again,
M
F
�1 S � t
t
O
L�1 � � 2 2 2 � =
� S (S � n ) �
� 2n � sin nt dt
E
0
T
U
� S � 1 � � � cosnt� � �sinnt� �
IT
L�1 � 2 2 2 � = �t � � �
(S � n ) 2n � n n2 �
T
� �
S
IN
� 1 � 1
L�1 � 2 2 2 � = ��ntcosnt � sinnt� .....(4)
� (S � n ) � 2n3
using (3) & (4) in (2), we obtain.
a
X(t) � � sin nt � nt cos nt �
2n2
at
cos � � � sin nt � � sin �
2n
a at
X(t) � 2
sin nt � cos � nt � � �
2n 2n
Required solution.
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
8(a). Calculate �2 (r n ) and find its expression in terms of r and n, r being the distance
of any point (x,y,z) from the origin, n being a constant and � 2 being the Laplace
operator.
SOLUTION
� 2 r n = � � �r
n
� � ˆ � ˆ � ˆ� n
�r n = � � � i� j� k r
� �u �y �z ��
n �1 � �r ˆ �r ˆ �r ˆ �
= nr � �u i � �y j � �z k �
� �
We know r2 = x2 + y2 + z2
dr x �r y �r z
� � , � , �
dx r �y r �z r
S
E
C
n �1 � x y z ˆ�
= nr � î � ˆj � k
N
�
�r r r �
IE
C
�
�r n = nr n�2 r
S
�
L
� � �r n = � � � nr r �2 r �
A
IC
Let � = nr n– 2
T
A
� � �
� � � �r � = �� r � �� r
M
E
�
= � � nr n�2 � � r � nr n�2 � � � r� �
H
T
A
n�4 � �
= n � n � 2� r � r � r � � 3nr
n �2
M
F
= n � n � 2� r � 3n r
n�2 n�2
O
E
�2 r n = r � n2 � 2n � 3n �
T
� n�2
U
= n(n+1) rn–2
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

PAPER - 1 : SOLUTIONS

https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims IAS/IFoS MATHEMATICS (Opt.) BY K. VENKANNA
Website - https://upscpdf.com
https://t.me/CivilservicesMains https://t.me/UPSC_Mains
09652351152, 09652661152
IAS/IFoS MATHEMATICS
https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims (Opt.) BY K. VENKANNA
https://t.me/CivilservicesMains
https://t.me/UPSC_Mains
(3)
Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi9. BRANCH OFFICE(HYDERBAD): H.No. 110237, 2nd Floor, Room No. 202 R.K’SKancham’s Blue Sapphire Ashok Nagar Hyd20. (M)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
5.(a) Solve the differential equation :
dy
x cosx +y (xsinx + cosx) = 1.
dx
SOLUTION
Re-arranging the terms
dy � 1� 1
� � tan x � � y =
dx � x� x cos x
� 1�
� �� tan x � x �� dx
I.F = e � e �n sec x � �n x � x sec x
Multiplying by I.F.
dy
x.sec x � y � x sec x tanx � sec x � � sec2 x
dx
d
� x.sec x.y� = sec2 x
dx
Integrating both sides :
(x sec x) y = � sec
2
x dx
= tanx + c
tan x c
� y� �
x sec x x sec x
09652351152, 09652661152
5.(b) Sove the differential equation :
(2xy4ey + 2xy3 + y) dx + (x2y4ey – x2y2–3x)dy = 0
SOLUTION
Given differential equation is of the form, Mdx + Ndy = 0
where M = 2xy4 ey + 2xy3 + y
N = x2y4 ey – x2 y2 – 3x
�M
� = 8xy3 ey + 2xy4 ey + 6xy2 + 1
�y
�N
and, = 2xy4 ey – 2xy2 – 3
�x
�M �N
� � ,
�y �x
Given differential equation is NOT exact. To convert into an exact equation we

find the I.F. (Integrating factor) as follows
�N �M
�
�x �y = –8xy e – 8xy – 4
3 y 2
I � �N �M � �4
� � � = y
M � �x �y �
4
� � y dy 1
� I.F. = e � e � 4 �n y �
y4
Multiplying the differential equation by I.F. :
� 2x 1 � � x 2 3x �
� 2xe � � 3 � dx � � x 2 e y � 2 � 4 � dy � 0
y
� y y � � y y �
� Mdx � � � terms in N not contaning x � dy � C

�treating y �
��as constant��
� 2x 1 �
� � �� 2xe � � � dx � � 0dy � C
y
y y3 �
x2 x
� x 2ey � � �C
y y3
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
5.(e) Find the angle between the surfaces x2+y2+z2–9=0 and z = x2+y2 –3 at (2, –1, 2).
SOLUTION
Angle between two surfaces at a point is the angle between the normals to the
surfaces at that point.
Let f1 = x2 + y2 + z2 and f2 = x2 + y2 – z
Then grad(f 1) = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
grad(f2) = 2xi + 2yj – k
Let
n1 = grad f1 at point (2,–1,2) = 4i–2j +4k
n2 = grad f2 at point (2,–1,2) = 4i–2j –k
The vector n1 and n2 are along normals to the two surfaces at the point (2,–1, 2) If
� is the angle between these two vectors then,
n1 � n2
cos� =
|n1 ||n2 |
16 � 4 � 4 16
= �
16 � 4 � 16 16 � 4 � 1 6 21
8
� � � cos �1
3 21
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
6.(a) Find the constant a so that (x + y)a is the Integrating factor of
(4x2 + 2xy + 6y)dx + (2x2 + 9y + 3x)dy = 0 and hence solve the differential eauation.
SOLUTION
As (x+y)a is an I.F. so,
� � �
� x � y � � 4x 2 � 2xy � 6y �� = �x �� x � y � � 2x 2 � 9y � 3x � ��
a a
�y �
a(x+y)a–1 (4x2+2xy+6y) + (x+y)a (2x+6) = a(x+y)a–1(2x2+9y+3x)+(x+y)a(4x+3)

Dividing both sides by (x+y)a–1
a(4x2+2xy+6y)+(x+y)(2x+6) = a(2x2+9y+3x) + (x+y)(4x+3)
x2(4a+2–2a–4)+xy(2a+2–4)+y(6a+6–9a+3)+x(6–3a–3) = 0
x2(2a–2)+xy(2a–2)+y(3–3a)+x(3–3a) = 0
This equation is satisfied universally for a = 1.
� I.F. = (x+y)
Multiplying differential equation by I.F.
(4x3 + 2x2y + 6xy+4yx2+2xy2+6y2) dx+ (2x3 + 9xy +3x2+2x2y+9y2+3xy)dy = 0
(4x3+6x2y+2xy2+6xy+6y2) dx + (2x3 + 2x2y +12xy+3x2+9y2)dy = 0
� � 4x � 6x2y � 2xy2 � 6xy � 6y2 � dx � � 9y2dy � 0

3
x 4 � 2x 3 y � x 2 y 2 � 3x 2 y � 6xy 2 � 3y 3 � 0
09652351152, 09652661152
6.(c) Find the value of � and � so that the surfaces �x2 – �yz = (�+2)x and 4x2y+z3=4
may intersect orthogonally at (1, –1, 2).
SOLUTION
f 1 = �x � � � � 2� x � µyz
2
Let
f 2 = 4x2y + z3 –4
grad f1 = �f1 � � 2�x � � � 2 � i � µzj � µyk
�f2 � 8xy i � 4x 2 j � 3z 2 k
At point (1, –1, 2)
n 1 = � � � 2� i � 2µ j � µ k
n 2 = –8i + 4j + 12k
n1 .n 2 = 0 [Intersect orthogonally]
–8(�–2) – 8µ + 12µ = 0
–8� + 4µ = –16
� 2� – µ = 4 .....(1)
point (1, –1, 2) lies on surface
�x2 – µyz = (�+2)x
� � + 2µ = (�+2) � µ = 1
5
� 2� – 1 = 4 � � �
2
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
7(a) (i) Obtain Laplace Inverse transform of
� � 1� s �
� �n � 1 � 2 � � 2 e –� s � .
� � s � s � 25 �
(ii) Using Laplace transform, solve
y'' + y = t, y(0) = 1, y'(0 = –2.
SOLUTION
s
F(s) = log �s � 1� � 2log s � e ��s
2
(i)
s � 25
2
� s �
Now, L�1 � 2 e ��s � = u(t � �)cos 5(t � �)
� s � 25 �
= �u(t � �)cos 5t
L [log(s +1)–2 log s] = f(t)
–1 2
� L(f(t)) = log (1+s2) – 2 log s.

�d
L[tf(t)] = �log �1 � s 2 � � 2log s �
ds � �
�2s 2
= �
1 � s2 s
�1 � �2s 2�
t.f(t) = L � 2 � �
�s � 1 s �
= –2 cost + 2
�2cos t 2
� f(t) = �
t t
� � 1� s � 2 2cos t
� L�1 �log �1 � 2 � � 2 e ��s � = � � u(t � �)cos 5t
� � s � s � 25 � t t
(ii) Taking Laplace
1
s2L – sy(0) – y(0) + L =
s2
1
s2 L – s + 2 + L =
s2
1
i.e. L �1 � s 2 � = �s�2
s2
1 s 2
L = s 2 1 � s 2 � 1 � s 2 � 1 � s2
� �
1 1 s 2
= � � �
s 1 � s 1 � s 1 � s2
2 2 2
1 3 s
= � �
s 1 � s 1 � s2
2 2
�1 � 1 3 s �
y = L � 2� �
� s 1 � s 1 � s ��
2 2
= t – 3 sint + cost
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
�
7.(c) A vector field is given by F � ( x 2 � xy 2 )iˆ � ( y 2 � x 2 y ) ˆj
�
Verify that the field F is irrotational or not. Find the scalar potential.
SOLUTION
� � �
A vector field F is said to be irrotational if curl F � 0 i.e. � � F � 0
i j k
� � � � �
��F = �x �y �z
x � xy 2
2
y � x2y
2
0
= i � 0 � 0 � � j � 0 � 0 � � k � 2xy � 2xy �
� �
= 0 � F is irrotational.
Now, it can be written as grad of a scalar field.
�
i.e. To find � s.t. �� F
��
i.e. i �j = � x 2 � xy 2 � i � � y2 � x2 y � k
�x �y
��
� = x2 + xy2;
�x
��
�y = y + x y
2 2
x3 x2 y 2
� � = � � F(y)
3 2
Differentiating w.r.t. y and comparing with (*)
��
�y = x y + f�(y)
2
� f�(y) = y 2
y3
f(y) = �c
3
x3 y 3 x2 y 2
� � � x, y � � � � �c
3 3 2
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
7.(d) Solve the differential equation

dy
x = py – p2 where p =
dx
SOLUTION
Differentiate w.r.t. y
1 dp dp
= p� y � 2p
p dy dy
dp
1–p2 = � py � 2p �
2
�
dy
� (py – 2p2) dp + (p2 – 1)dy = 0 .....(1)
(Mdx + Ndy = 0)
�M
Then �y = p,
�N
�p = 2p
1 � �M �N � �p
� � � = p2 � 1
N � �y �p �
�p
� p2 �1 dp 1
�
� log p2 �1 � 1
� IF = e �e 2
�
p2 � 1
Multiplying (1) throughout by I.F.
� py 2p2 �
� �
� p2 � 1
�
p2
� 1
� dp �
� � �
p2 � 1 dy � 0
� �
py 2p2
� � p2 � 1
��
p2 � 1
� constant
p
� y p2 � 1 � 2� p � c1
p2 � 1
p p
� y p2 � 1 � 2p� � 2�� c1
p2 � 1 p2 � 1
� y p2 � 1 � 2p p2 � 1 � 2� p2 � 1 � c1
� y p2 �1�2p p2 �1�p p2 �1�log p� p2 �1 � c1 � �

log p � p2 � 1 � c1
� y � p�
p2 � 1
& x � py � p2 � p �log p � p2 �1 � c1 � / p2 �1
� �
09652351152, 09652661152
7(d). Solve the differential equation
dy
x = py – p2 where p =
dx
SOLUTION
Differentiate w.r.t. y
1 dp dp
= p� y � 2p
p dy dy
dp
1–p2 = � py � 2p �
2
�
dy
� (py – 2p2) dp + (p2 – 1)dy = 0 .....(1)
(Mdx + Ndy = 0)
�M
Then �y = p,
�N
�p = 2p
1 � �M �N � �p
� � � = p2 � 1
N � �y �p �
�p
� p2 �1 dp 1
�
� log p2 �1 � 1
� IF = e �e 2
�
p2 � 1
Multiplying (1) throughout by I.F.
� py 2p2 �
� �
� p2 � 1
� � dp �
p2 � 1 ��
� �
p2 � 1 dy � 0
�
py 2p2
� � p2 � 1
��
p2 � 1
� constant
p
� y p2 � 1 � 2� p � c1
p2 � 1
p p
� y p2 � 1 � 2p� � 2�� c1
p �1
2
p2 � 1
� y p2 � 1 � 2p p2 � 1 � 2� p2 � 1 � c1
� y p2 �1�2p p2 �1�p p2 �1�log p� p2 �1 � c1 � �

log p � p2 � 1 � c1
� y � p�
p2 � 1
& x � py � p2 � p �log p � p2 � 1 � c1 � / p2 �1
� �
(43)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(45)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(47)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(49)
09652351152, 09652661152
�e
�x
8.(c) Evaluate (sin y dx � cos y dy ), where C is the rectangle with vertices (0, 0), (�, 0),
C
� ��
� � , � , � 0, � .
� 2� � 2�
SOLUTION
By Green’s Theorem in plane,
� �N �M �
� � Mdx � N dy �
C
= �� x �
R
�y ��
dx dy
� ��
C � 0, � � ��
� 2� B � �, �
� 2�
0 (0,0) A(�,0)
Here, M = e–x sin y

N = e–x cos y
�N �M
� = �e cos y � e cosy � �2e cosy
�x �x �x
�x �y
� �N �M �
�� 2e
�x
cos y dx dy
� �� x �
R
�y ��
dx dy =
R
� �/2
� �
�x
= �2 e dx cos y dy
x �0 y �0
= �2 � �e� x �0 �sin y �0
� �/2
� � �
= 2 � e � 1� � sin � sin 0 �
��
� 2 �
= 2 � e�� 1�
09652351152, 09652661152
8(d) Solve :
d4y d3y d2y dy
x4 4 +6x 3
3 +4x 2
2 –2x –4y=x2+2 cos(logex).
dx dx dx dx
SOLUTION
Putting, x = ez equation becomes
[D(D–1)(D–2)(D–3)+6D(D–1)(D–2)+4D(D–1) – 2D–4] = e2z + 2 cos z
[D(D–1)(D–2)(D–3)+6D(D–1)(D–2)+2(D–2)(D+1)] = e2z + 2 cos z
� (D2+1)(D2–4) y= ez + 2 cos z
For homogeneous part,
Complementary fuction,
y c = c1e2z + c2e–2z + c3 sinz + c4 cos z
Particular integral,
1 1
yP = e2z � 2 2cosz
� D �1�� D � 4� �D �1�� D2 � 4�
2 2
1 1 2 1
= � 2 � e2z � cos z
5 D �4 5 � D � 1�
2
ze2z z
= � sin z
20 5
� Complete solution :
y = yH + y P
ze2z z sin z
y = c1e � c2e � c3 sin z � c 4 cos z � �
2z �2z
20 5
� c2 x 2 �nx �nx �
� y(x) � c1 x 2
� 2
� c 3 sin( � n x) � c 4 cos( �n x) � � sin(�nx)�
� x 20 5 �
(51)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
1.(e)Find the maximum value of 5x + 2y with constraints

x + 2y 1, 2x + y 1, x 0 and y 0 by graphical method.
Solution
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
2.(c) Maximize z = 2x1 + 3x2 + 6x3
subject to 2x1 + x2 + x3 5
3x2 + 2x3 6
x1 0, x2 0, x3 0.
Is the optimal solution unique ? Justify your answer.
Solution:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
��
E
��
H
��
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
Soln:
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
Soln:
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
4.(a) For a function f : C � C and n � 1, let f (n) denote the nth derivative of f and f (0) = f. Let f be an entire
�1�
function such that for some n � 1, f (n) � � � 0 for all k = 1, 2, 3,...., show that f is a polynomial.
k � �
Sol n:
YOUR SELF
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(43)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(45)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(47)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(49)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(51)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(53)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152

S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
C
S
L
A
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
S
E
C
N
IE
NOTE: Q.No. 8.(c)
C
“STUDENTS ARE ADVICED TO
S
WRITE CONCISE ANSWER IN
L
A
EXAM”
IC
T
A
M
E
H
T
A
M
F
O
E
T
U
IT
T
S
IN
09652351152, 09652661152
UPSC-CSE 2019
Mains
MATHEMATICS
Optional Paper-II
Solutions



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
UPSC-CSE 2019
Mains
MATHEMATICS
Optional Paper-I
Solutions


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
8(a). Find the sufficient condition for the differential equation M(x, y) dx + N(x, y)
dy = 0 to have an integrating factor as a function of (x+y). What will be the
integrating factor in that case? Hence find the integrating factor for the differential
equation
(x2 + xy) dx + (y2+xy) dy = 0 and solve it.
SOLUTION
Let IF = f(x + y)
M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0 .....(1)
Multiplying in the given equations with f(x + y), we get
f(x + y) M(x, y) dx + f(x + y) N(x, y) dy = 0 �

� .....(2)
or M�(x, y)dx + N�(x, y)dy = 0 �
from (2)
�M� �M
f �(x � y) � M � f(x � y)
�y = dy
�N� �N
= f �(x � y) � N � f(x � y)
�x dy
�M� �N�
=
�y �x
as the equation is to be made exact
�M
f �(x � y)M � f � x � y � = f �(x � y)N � �N f � x � y �
�y �y
� �M �N �
f �x � y� � � � � � N � M � f �(x � y)
� �y �x �
f��x � y� 1 � �M �N �
�
f(x � y)
=
� N � M� �� y �x ��
integrating we get,
1 � �M �N �
�n � f(x � y)� = � � N � M� �� y �
�x ��
1 � �M �N �
� N� M �� y � �x �� d(x � y )
� f(x + y) = e
for f to be fuction of (x+y)
�M �N 1 � �M �N �
N � M, � and � � �
�y �x N � M � �y �x �
is a fuction of (x+y).
Now M = x2 + xy and N = y2 + xy
�M �N
�y = x and �x = y
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
�M �N
�y � �x
M – N = x2 – y2 � 0
1 � �M �N � 1(x � y) �1
� � � � = (y � x)(y � x) � (x � y)
N � M � �y �x �
�1
� x � y d(x � y )
If F(x+y) = e
� 1 �
IF � � � Required I.F.
�x�y�
1
� above question has as the I.F. multiplying with IF
x�y
�x 2
� xy � dx
�
�y 2
� xy � dy
�0
x�y x�y
xdx+ydy = 0
� x2 � y2 � C
09652351152, 09652661152
(43)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(45)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(43)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(45)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(47)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(49)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(51)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(53)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(55)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(57)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(59)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(61)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(63)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��


09652351152, 09652661152
(3)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(5)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
Soln:
(7)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(9)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(11)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(13)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(15)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(17)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
Soln:
(19)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(21)
09652351152, 09652661152
4.(a) For a function f : C � C and n � 1, let f (n) denote the nth derivative of f and f (0) = f. Let f be an entire
�1�
function such that for some n � 1, f (n) � � � 0 for all k = 1, 2, 3,...., show that f is a polynomial.
k � �
Sol n:
YOUR SELF
09652351152, 09652661152
(23)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(25)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(27)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(29)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(31)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(33)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(35)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(37)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(39)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(41)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(43)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(45)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(47)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(49)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(51)
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
(53)
09652351152, 09652661152
��
��
��

09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152
09652351152, 09652661152



ADMIN1: ADMIN2:

Math Optional Hand Written

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math Optional Hand Written

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/CivilservicesMains https://t.

2018 Paper-2 solutions.pdf

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

IAS-MATHEMATICS (Opt.) - 2018

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

NOTE: Q.No. 8.(c)

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2008

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

General solution = � Mdx � Ndy

y constant y term not containing X

yp(x) = A(x) x2 + B(x) x3 ; A & B are parameters .....(4)

= –x cosx + sinx. .....(5)

[using formula L{t} = 1/s2 and L �e � �

���� � L�1 � � � L�1 � 2 � � L�1 � �L �

������3 + 2t –4et + e2t

(4) � L�1 � � � �4 L�1 �

Combining (1), (2), (3) and (4), we have the required

Replacing the original variables

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2008

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

where � is arbitrary function.

= (b � 3x )(� cos x ) � � 3cos xdx � 2� cos xdx

�G.S. � �1(y � 3x ) � �2 (y � 2x ) � y cos x � sin x

Required Canonical forms.

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2009

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2009

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

� differential equation given by px+qy=z

Given surface xy+yz+zx=0.

Partially differenting w.r.t x

partially differenting w.r.t. ‘y’

Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x

takign first two parts

taking first and 3rd part

Given z=1; xy = x+y

from (2) and (3)

In ordu to reduce (1) to its cononical from we choose

Which are the required families of characteristic

= (x � a ) � � cos(ax � x 2 )dx � � cos(ax � x 2 )dx

� = �2, X''–�2X=0 � X = Ae�x+Be–�x

from (5) A=0; B=0 we riject µ = �2

� = –�2, X''+�2X=0 � X = A cos�x + B sin�x

from (5) A=0; B=0 0=Acos�l+Bsin(�l)

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2010

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2010

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

= (0) � (�2x ) ...(4)

Case(ii) µ = �2 X''–�2X=0 � X=Ae�x+Be–�x

Putting (4) � A=0 ; B=0

IAS MATHEMATICS (OPT.)-2011

https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

Put the given condition y(0) = 1

= ˆi � � t cos t � � ˆj � � t sin t � � kˆ � �5t cos t � t sin t �

= � t 3 cos iˆ � t 3 sin ˆj � � 5t cos t � t sin t � kˆ

�� L�1 � � � L�1 � 2 � � L�1 � �L �

��3 + 2t –4et + e2t

�� v �ˆi � ds � �� v � kˆ � ds � �� v � ˆj� ds � �� v � ˆj� ds

Case(ii) � = �2, �� 0.

Case(ii) � = +�2, �� 0