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By definition (Hochschild, 1983, The Managed Heart), emotional labor refers to

regulating or managing emotional expressions with others as part of one’s professional


work role. Emotional labor is parallel to physical labor; both are occupations that tend to
require a lot of effort, but EL is effort around emotions and tends to be female-
dominated (i.e., service or caring work) and physical labor is effort with the body and
tends to be male-dominated.
What emotional labor is NOT:
Emotional labor is distinct from “emotion work” or the interpersonal task (i.e., gift giving,
event planning) that women often do in work and home lives, a current point of
confusion.

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