Assalamualaikum, da jia hao, vanakkam and goodmorning everyone.

Thank you to our beloved panelists namely Dr Maizatul Idayu binti Othman and Madam Salwa
Binti Adam
for considering your precious time for today's presentation session.

First of all, let me introduce myself. My name is Zulaikha Ibrahim,

I am from Bachelor of Science in Plantation Technology and Management Semester Five will
make
a presentation about THE MECHANISM AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF COMPOST –
BIOCHAR FOR HEAVY METAL
REMOVAL IN SOIL: A REVIEW. without further ado, i will move to the table of contents.
And this is my table of contents.

(INTRODUCTION)
Compost is a soil supplement produced by the metabolism of organic substrates. Composting is a
process where organisms grow under controlled conditions with the help of aerobic (oxygen-
requiring) microorganisms.
Biochar is charcoal made from plant material such as grass, agricultural and forest debris that
decomposes at high temperatures and often produces renewable energy. The physical and
chemical properties of plant material change into a highly porous, stable and carbon-rich material
known as biochar.
Heavy metals can be defined as metal chemical elements that are relatively dense and toxic or
toxic in low concentrations. The pollution of heavy metal in our atmosphere, soil and water are
all due to human activity.

(PROBLEM STATEMENT)
Next is problem statement.
Compost and biochar can act as mechanism to adsorb heavy metals in soil, thereby potentially
can increase soil fertility and quality. However, little is known about the mechanism and
adsorption capacity of compost and biochar as heavy metal removal in soil.
Therefore, this study is intended to be reviewed about the mechanism and adsorption capacity of
compost and biochar for heavy metal removal in soil. Also, the types of heavy metals that can be
remove by compost and biochar should be identify.

(OBJECTIVES OF STUDY)
The objectives of this study are:
 Firstly, to identify the optimum adsorption capacity of compost and biochar produced
from agricultural waste.
 And to determine the absorption capacity of compost, biochar, and different composition
of compost and biochar as heavy metal removal in soil.

(SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY)
The significance of the study is:
This study will help farmers and crop growers cultivate soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Crops planted in soil contaminated with heavy metals will not grow. In addition, soil
contaminated with heavy metals will change the properties of the soil. The soil becomes acidic,
the pH of the soil increases, and the availability of nutrients in the soil is reduced or limited.
Using a mixture of compost and biochar will increases the soil fertility, removing heavy metal
element from the soil, making it easier for the farmer or any crop to grow, increase yields and,
most importantly, increase soil fertility.

(LIMITATION OF STUDY)
This study has several limitations because previous studies on specific references related to
mechanism and adsorption compost - biochar are insufficient.
In addition, the time is limited to complete the search and review to confirm all data reported in
this study. A half year review period is insufficient. Me myself need a long period of time since I
have to read a lot of journals.
Moreover, all the information and literature sources were provided in all countries and not in
specific countries of publication.
Last but not least, literature resources have different meanings and terminology because all
opinions come from different researchers and authors.
(LR NO 1)
Compost can be classified as a soil amendment generated under controlled circumstances by
aerobic which is requiring oxygen, bacteria through the use of the metabolism of an organic
substrate.
Composts generally include around 2% of nitrogen, 0.5 to 1% of phosphorus, and about 2% of
potassium.
The process that involves in producing compost is degradation of the organic waste which is all
the raw material in compost will be breakdown into the small particles by bacteria and other
organism.

(LR NO 2)
Biochar is a solid material from the process of pyrolysis, which is the heat decomposition of
the biomass in the absence of the oxygen in the process of burning the biochar product and
it is often used as a soil supplement in agriculture. temperature is very important in burning
the biochar which is the material that burned with 500°C performing slow of biochar yield
comparing with the material that burned with temperature 700°C performing fast yield of biochar
product.
(LR NO 3)
Biochar-Compost mixture is the combination of biochar product during composting process.
The combination of the biochar and compost mixture was performing well in increasing of the
plant growth, plant photosynthesis process, soil pH, plant nutrient content and also soil gas
exchange comparing with the plant and soil that treated with biochar and compost.
Besides, by using compost-biochar mixture also reduce negative impact on the environment
compared
with the uses of mineral fertilizer and the crop yield that using compost-biochar mixture
also same with the yield using mineral fertilizer.
(LR NO 4)
Almost 10% of the agriculture land that has been contaminate by the heavy metal element such
as
zinc, cuprum, palladium, nickel, and cadmium ions and all of the element give the negative
impact on
soil fertility and also plant growth.
Heavy metals element in soil not only hazardous to the soil and plants but also to the aquatic
and human life which is uptakes of the heavy metal element in the food chain that will disturbing
the human and animal life system.

This is my flow chart of the literature selection process.

Next, this is gantt chart.

Now, we move to the last chapter which is EXPECTED OUTCOME.

• First, cadmium is the most effective heavy metal that react to compost and biochar. This is
because

• And last but not least, to give information about what types of heavy metals that efficiently
needed by compost and biochar.

This are the references for my review paper.

Every beginning there is an ending. Thank you that’s all for my today’s presentation.