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Ergonomic analysis of a Drilling machine operator” (Sponsored by-LHP PVT. Ltd.
, Solapur)
- 1. INTRODUCTION
Discomfort and pain are common in human-work activities and workers

working in the industrial sector are easier to be exposed to the risk injuries.
Occupational risk factors are the biggest entity causing health problems. Exposure to
occupational hazards can adversely affect the human body, in turn reduce worker
productivity and product/work quality and increase musculoskeletal problems [2].
Many manufacturing industries nowadays largely depend upon the human
work activities/factors for overall growth and sustainability of their
product/component in the current market. It is evident; therefore, that humans will
remain an essential and integral part of manufacturing for a long time to come. Hence
humans need safer and more comfortable working condition. The human factor is
much more necessary and successful when completely integrated into the work
environment. Ergonomic study provides some important suggestions and guidelines
regarding human work activities in the manufacturing sector. Human factors and
ergonomics (HF&E) is a multidisciplinary field incorporating contributions from
psychology, statistics, and Anthropometry. Applied ergonomics includes application
in office, industry, information technology and military design. Ergonomics aims to
make sure those task equipments, information, and the environment fit each worker.
By assessing people‟s abilities and limitations, their jobs, equipment and working
environment and the interaction between them it is possible to design safe, effective
and productive work systems. Ergonomics risk factors are the aspects of a job or task
that impose biomechanical stress on the worker. Nowadays worker productivity and
occupational health, safety (OHS) are the vital factors in the growth of manufacturing
industries. Some of the common problems occurring in the industries are improper
management activities, hard environment conditions and poor workstation design [2].
Consequently, many industrial workstations are poorly designed results in
lower worker productivity and unnecessary injury at the workplace leading to the
development of work related musculoskeletal disorders. In the United States, the
discipline of human factors and ergonomics is generally considered to have originated
during World War II, although advances that contributed to its formation can be
traced to the turn of the 20th century. Prior to the World War II, the focus was
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

Ergonomic analysis of a Drilling machine operator” (Sponsored by-LHP PVT. Ltd., Solapur)
“designing the human to fit the machine” instead of designing machines to

fit the human. Excessive bending and twisting of the trunk have been related
physiological costs and musculoskeletal injuries. WMSD‟s problems result in low
worker productivity, causing approximately 34% of the annual lost time (Ontario
Ministry of Labor2009). Workers may suffer ergonomic injury/illness when work
tasks include reaching, bending over, and lifting heavy loads. Effective application of
workstation design can achieve between worker characteristics and task demands.
This can enhance productivity, provides worker safety, physical and mental wellbeing
and job satisfaction. The main objective of this study is to minimize the discomfort
level among the workers working in drilling operation using ergonomic assessment
tools like RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) to reduce WMSD‟s symptoms
related to occupational health, safety and suggesting ergonomic guidelines for better
working postures [2].
Ergonomically well designed hand equipments may reduce the discomforts.
It also provides comfortable work for the users and gives high product quality to the
consumers. As the use of hand equipments may play an important role in the
development of disorders and accidents, it is obvious that improvements in the design
of hand equipments are essential for promoting professional users health, particularly
where there is intensive exposure. Newly adopted design software techniques can use
for ergonomic evaluation [1].
Ergonomic evaluation will consist of an initial assessment, which includes
looking at the overall posture of your head, neck, back, upper body, forearms, wrists,
hands, legs and feet. It includes things like repetitious movement, forces, contact
stress, static loading and environmental factors [1].

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINATION:

It was noticed from the study and findings that in the small scale industries
and in the unorganized sector, there is very little awareness about safety and
ergonomics aspects, workers are unaware of musculoskeletal disorders. The problem
to operator during operating a drilling machine is identified in Laxmi Hydraulics Pvt.
Ltd., Solapur due ergonomically incorrect design of the machine
1.2 OBJECTIVES:
As we are existing method of modelling and analysis on machine shop

operator of industry, our objectives are as follows:
 To improve safety, comfort & ergonomics aspects of operator
 To simplify procedure for discomfort identification through standard ergonomic tools
and suitable working environment with necessary guidelines is proposed and
demonstrated
 To avoid occupational risk injuries & musculoskeletal disorders
 Improvement in posture of operator for efficient work resulting less fatigue to
operator which is beneficial to industry
 To improve working conditions, work tools and work structuring in order for the
optimum result to be achieved from the work and the person at work to suffer as
few setbacks as possible

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Following is the literature review of some papers giving more information

about their contribution in ergonomics field and industrial work station for human
ergonomics evaluation factors perspective. Some of the researchers are doing their
work in ergonomic analysis.
 Rahaman (2014) Covered research work in leading ceramic industry of bangaladesh

in order to study and assess the work postures of workers working in the production
section through RULA. The objective of the research work was to analyze the various
work posture of the workers of the selected ceramic industry. To analyze the work
postures of the workers, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) technique has been
used [5]
 Ansari, et al. (2014) provides detailed study was conducted on 15 workers engaged in
small scale industry situated at MIDC Wardha (Maharashtra, India). Video tape on
different activities of the workers was prepared and then the images were cropped
from it for the analysis. This study presents an assessment of work posture of workers
engaged in different activities of small scale industry. Evaluation of the posture was
carried out using RULA and REBA. Assessment is carried out using the worksheet.
Evaluation using postural analysis by RULA and REBA indicates that the workers are
working above the secure limit [4]
 Stalin, et al. (2014). Gave general principles related to ergonomics and material
handling in the industry. Ergonomics involves workstation set-up and design, body
posture, prevention of computer related injuries and more. Material Handling is the
field concerned with solving the pragmatic problems involving the movement,
storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the
processes of cleaning, preparation, manufacturing, distribution, consumption and
disposal of all related materials, goods and their packaging. The objective of the
project is to implement proper ergonomics and material handling in the industry [3].
 G. C. David (2005) has worked on Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk
factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. He has explained different
ergonomic analysis methods with their main features and functions. He has made a
comparison between different methods showing their abilities regarding Posture
Load, force, Movement, frequency, Duration Recovery Vibration etc
 S. C. Mali, et al. (2015) Gave an overall literature review on the work done related to
ergonomic evaluation of industrial workstations and suggested ergonomic
improvements. His paper presents the review of the studies carried out on the
ergonomic design of industrial workstations [3].
 P. N. Kale, et al. (2016) Presented the review on the studies carried out so far to
analyze the various tools used for ergonomic analysis. His paper will make it easier to
select an appropriate tool for particular ergonomic analysis [6].

 S.C. Mali, et al. (2015) provide study about the ergonomics trobules faced by the
metal work manufacturer and stated that ergonomically designed industrial work
station; machine can be increases efficiency, safety and comfort of manufacturer [7].
 Mahendra K C, et al. (2016) stated that the discomfort level of the workers can be
evaluated by designing a detailed questionnaire and checklist to be present to the
respondent. Ergonomic assessment tools like RULA (Rapid Upper Limb
Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), OWAS (Ovaco Working
Postural Analysis System) are used to assess the working postures and to analyze the
discomfort frequency. Postures causing WMSD‟s (Work-Related Musculoskeletal
Disorders) are identified and recommending the guidelines to improve posture actions
and to reduce the threat of WMSD‟s [2].
 Pravin K. Bhuse, et al. (2014) presented ergonomic assessment of knapsack sprayer

which is commonly used by farmers for spraying insecticides and pesticides, analyzes
various postures of farm worker during the operation of knapsack sprayer. Analysis
uses modules of CATIA like Human Builder, Human Activity Analysis and (RULA)
analysis

Ergonomic analysis of a Drilling machine operator” (Sponsored by-LHP PVT. Ltd.,
3. METHODOLOGY
This study was conducted at Laxmi Hydraulic Pvt. Ltd., industry in Solapur.
The chosen subject is from the machine shop. A simple subjective rating form was
given to the subject to be completed in order to evaluate the posture discomfort
experienced. Next, the subject was required to conduct his working cycle as usual and
the process was recorded through images. The postures of the working cycle were
recorded. Several postures from the subject working cycle then are chosen and
replicate into a manikin in the CATIA V5R19. Later, the RULA analysis was
performed on the manikin with exact replication to assess the subject‟s posture level
of discomfort.
3.1 METHODOLOGY TO BE USED:
CATIA V5 R19: Over the last few years there has been a massive
development and use of information technology. These technologies are probably the
only answer to success in a highly globalized and turbulent market environment. The
development of computer and communication technology enables that the methods of
engineering work can be changed from scratch. This trend in digitalization has an
effect on ergonomics if we talk about customization of a digital human model, we
mean setting its gender, nationality, percentile or specific body measurements, so that
our digital human model as much as possible corresponds to specific employees in
production. With employee defined like this we then have the possibility to perform a
variety of ergonomic analysis. The two mentioned software packages offer various
kinds of analysis, however the core part of both software is material handling and
work position evaluation. The digital human is placed in a virtual environment, a task
is assigned to him and then his performance is analysed by ergonomic analyses.
Ergonomic analysis tells us how the worker will work at a simulated workplace. We
can find out how workers (from different population size) will perform a given task,
analyse the risk of injury, needed power, reach, grips, fatigue, timing of operations,
the sequence of work, optimization of tools and machines placement in the
workplace, verification of parts assembly and many other factors.

4. MODELLING AND MANIKIN CREATION
First of all, the creation of human body model requires the percentile of
human size or height based on the actual application. The data of human measurement
often takes percentile as a position indicator or critical value. The initial stage of
design begins from the human body size. Taking men (30-65age) with the percentile
of 50% as an example, see human initial models in Figure 1.
For creating manikin, we had taken parameter: height of operator working on

drilling machine of Laxmi Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Solapur. The height and age of
worker is 1755.8mm and 32 years respectively. For manikin creation the tools used
are Human Posture editor, open vision window, Angular limitation etc.
Fig. 1.Human Body Model

4.1 DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF HUMAN BODY:
The different parameters of human body are listed in table below i.e., name of body
part and their degrees of freedom.
Table 1: Parameters of human body
Sr. Name of Body No. of Degree of Name of Degree of Freedom

No. Parts Freedom
1. Arm 3 1.Flexion / Extension
2.Abduction / Adduction
3.Medial Rotation / Lateral Rotation
2. Clavicular 2 1.Flexion / Extension
2. Elevation / Depression
3. Foot 2 1.Dorsiflexion / Plantar Flexion
2.Eversion / Inversion
4. Forearm 2 1.Flexion / Extension
2.Pronation / Supination
5. Full Spine 3 1.Flexion / Extension
2. Lateral left / Lateral right

(Lumbar +
Thoracic) 3.Rotation right / Rotation left
6. Head 3 1.Flexion / Extension
3.Rotation right / Rotation left

7. Leg 2 1.Flexion / Extension
8. Lumbar 3 1.Flexion / Extension
9. Thigh 1.Flexion / Extension
3 2.Abduction / Adduction
10. Thoracic 1.Flexion / Extension
3 2. Lateral left / Lateral right
11. Toes 1 1.Flexion / Hyper-Extension
12. Hand 2 1.Flexion / Extension
2.Radial Deviation / Ulnar Deviation
13. Thumb 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension
2.Abduction / Adduction
16. Index 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension

19. Middle finger 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension
22. Annular 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension
25. Auricular 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension
4.2 ANGULAR LIMITATIONS:
Every body part of human is movable up to particular angle that may be

positive or negative. The following fig shows the angular limitation of various parts of
human body.
Fig.2: Angular limitation of eye and head

Fig.3: Angular limitation of leg and thigh
Fig.5: Angular limitation of thumb
Fig.5: Angular limitation of thumb 3 and hand

Fig.6: Angular limitation of forearm and arm
Fig.7: Angular limitation of thoracic and lumbar
Fig.8: Angular limitation of toes

4.3 DETAIL PROCEDURE OF MANIKIN CREATION AND RULA

ANALYSIS STEPWISE:
Step 1: For manikin creation the very first step is, open the Ergonomics Design And
Analysis tool in CATIA V5 R19.
Fig. 9: Step 1
Step 2: In Ergonomics Design & Analysis tool, select the Human

Measurements Editor tool.
Fig 10: step2

Step 3: After selecting the human measurements editor tool one dialogue box opens at
right corner of window. In which we can select the gender of manikin as male or
female as per our requirement. Also we can set the percentile in this dialogue box.
Fig. 11: Step 3
Step 4: By clicking on „OK‟ of above dialogue box, the manikin is shown on screen
as shown in fig 12.
Fig. 12: Step 4

Step 5: By clicking on any of the line, „Variable list‟ dialogue box opens. In which
we can vary the parameters of manikin like height, percentile, waist breadth, waist
height, etc. by changing automatic mode to manual mode. And other parameters get
fixed automatically according to first parameter value. In the construction we can
select the manikin in standing position or in sitting position.
Fig. 13: Step 5
Step 6: Now exit the workbench using the first tool i.e. Returns to the previous
workbench in Anthropometry editor tool.
Fig. 14: Step 6

Step 7: Now one manikin is shown on screen. „Manikin postures‟ & „Manikin Tools‟
can be used in modelling of manikin.
Fig. 15: Step 7
Step 8: Select „Posture Editor‟ in „Manikin Posture‟ tool and click on any body part
of manikin. Now, one dialogue box opens named „segments‟. By changing degree or
by changing percentage of motion we can give the movement to different body parts
of manikin. Also we can change the degree of freedom of each part according to our
requirement.
Fig. 16: Step 8

Step 9: When required posture is modelled then come to the start again and in that
select Assembly Design which lies in Mechanical Design for assembly of manikin
and drilling machine.
Fig. 17: Step 9
Step10: In assembly design the „Product Structure Tools‟ contains

„existing component‟ tool. This is helpful to import the drilling
machine.
Fig. 18: Step 10

Step 11: Now click on the existing component tool and after that click on the „Product
1‟ which is at left top corner of window. It shows the file selection window. From that
the drilling machine is imported by selecting drilling machine and by clicking open.
Fig. 19: Step 11
Step 12: When we click on open the machine get imported which is shown in fig. For
proper assembly of machine and manikin first fix the machine using fix tool. For
assembly purpose the manipulation tool is very important here.
Fig. 20: Step 12

Step 13: Select the manipulation tool. After that one dialogue box is opened. Select
the axes (in which direction we have to move the manikin) X, Y, or Z and click on
manikin and drag it in particular direction.
Fig. 21: Step 13
Step 14: This is the final assembly of manikin and machine ( Fig. 22 ).
Fig. 22: Step 14

Step 15: Now, for analysis of this manikin, first hide the machine by right click on
mouse and select hide. Again come to start, select Human Activity Analysis in
Ergonomics Design & Analysis tool.
Fig. 23: Step 15
Step 16: Now, select the „RULA analysis‟ in Ergonomic tools and click on manikin.
Fig. 24: Step 16

Step 17: The CATIA V5 R19 software gives the results of analysis as shown in fig.
25. Different colour codes and different scores were obtained during analysis.
Fig. 25: Step 17

4.4 MODELLING OF ACTUAL POSTURES OF OPERATOR AND

MACHINE:
Fig. 26: Postures attained by an operator with actual working


Fig. 28: Modelled postures attained by an operator
This study was conducted on shop floor in industry. A simple subjective

rating form was given to the subject to be completed in order to evaluate the posture
discomfort experienced. Next, the subject was required to conduct his working cycle
as usual and the process was recorded through a camera. Several postures from the
subject working cycle then are chosen and replicate into a manikin in the CATIA
V5R19 software. Later, the RULA analysis was performed on the manikin with exact
replication to assess the subject‟s posture level of discomfort
Fig. 26 shows four postures attained by the operator at actual working on

shop floor department on drilling machine.
Fig. 28 show the corresponding postures modelled using CATIA V5 R19

(Ergonomics Design and Analysis Tool). At most care was taken to model the posture
as operator attains during work.

5. RULA ANALYSIS
The RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) system was developed at the
University of Nottingham's Institute for Occupational Ergonomics It was developed to
investigate the exposure of individual workers to risks associated with work-related
upper limb disorders.
RULA was developed to evaluate the exposure of individual workers to

ergonomic risk factors associated with upper extremity MSD. The RULA ergonomic
assessment tool considers biomechanical and postural load requirements of job
tasks/demands on the neck, trunk and upper extremities. A single page worksheet is
used to evaluate required body posture, force, and repetition. Based on the
evaluations, scores are entered for each body region in section A for the arm and
wrist, and section B for the neck and trunk. After the data for each region is collected
and scored, tables on the form are then used to compile the risk factor variables,
generating a single score that represents the level of MSD risk.
The RULA was designed for easy use without need for an advanced degree
in ergonomics or expensive equipment. Using the RULA worksheet, the evaluator
will assign a score for each of the following body regions: upper arm, lower arm,
wrist, neck, trunk, and legs. After the data for each region is collected and scored,
tables on the form are then used to compile the risk factor variables, generating a
single score that represents the level of MSD risk as outlined below:
Table 2: Interpretation of RULA score in basic mode

Sr. No. Score Colour Statement
The posture is acceptable if it is
1 1 and 2 Green not retained or repeated for
longer period
Further investigation is required
2 3 and 4 Yellow and changes may also be
Required
Orange Investigation and changes are
3 5 and 6 needed soon.
Red Investigation and changes are
4 7 needed immediately.

5.1 GETTING READY:
The evaluator should prepare for the assessment by interviewing the worker
being evaluated to gain an understanding of the job tasks and demands, and observing
the worker‟s movements and postures during several work cycles. Selection of the
postures to be evaluated should be based on:
 The most difficult postures and work tasks (based on worker interview and
initial observation)
 The posture sustained for the longest period of time
 The posture where the highest force loads occur
The RULA can be conducted quickly, so multiple positions and tasks within
the work cycle can usually be evaluated without a significant time and effort. When
using RULA, only the right or left side is assessed at a time. After interviewing and
observing the worker, the evaluator can determine if only one arm should be
evaluated or if an assessment is needed for both sides.
5.2 RULA ANALYSES OF ACTUAL POSTURES OF OPERATOR:
Fig. : Posture 1 without handle load

Fig. : Posture 2 with handle load 1 kg
Fig. : Posture 3 with handle load 2kg


The RULA analysis results from all four postures involved are summarised as shown
in Table 3.
Table 3: RULA analysis results for every actual posture of manikin
\Posture Score Colour Statement

1 at 0kg 3 and 4 Yellow Further investigation is required
and changes may also be
2 at 1kg 3 and 4 Yellow Further investigation is required
and changes may also be
5 and 6 Orange Investigation and changes are
3 at 2kg needed soon.
5 and 6 Orange Investigation and changes are
4 at 3kg 5 and 6 needed soon.
5 and 6
Investigation and changes are
5 at 4kg Orange needed soon.
5 and 6
Investigation and changes are
6 at 5kg Orange needed soon.
From fig. 29 and RULA analysis, posture „1‟ show that the posture Score is
3 and yellow in colour. This means that further investigation is required and changes
may also be required. The problematic parts are detected around the muscle, Neck,
trunk and Leg.
Posture 2 is the working condition where the drilling to the component is

done. RULA analysis of posture „2‟ shows that the posture Score is 3 and yellow in
colour. This means that further investigation is required and changes may also be
required. The problematic parts are detected around the muscle, Neck, trunk and Leg.
Result score shows that posture is in very bad condition analysis of posture
„3 to 6 ‟ shows the posture score is 6 and orange in colour. This indicates that
investigation and changes are needed soon

6. RESULTS DISCUSSION
RULA
Sr. Analysis Increment in load of machine (kg)
No.
0 kg 1 kg 2 kg 3 kg 4 kg 5 kg
1 Position 3 3 6 6 6 6
Table 4: RULA scores for all postures by changing the load of

machine
The RULA result for all the postures by changing the load of
machine is shown in Table 3. According to the results obtained by actual
posture of worker, the modification by decreasing the load of machine on
trial and error basis is done for load 0kg, 1kg, 2kg, 3kg, 4kg, 5kg.
In actual case load coming by manual drill feed machine is 2.5 kg.
Therefore the drilling machine with automatic (Auto feed drill machine)
feeding is selected for improving the worker‟s posture.
By comparing results of actual postures with modified machine

posture of operator we can see the score, which will be reduced from 6 to 3,
which results in changing the colour code from Orange to Yellow.
Thus, from all above comparison of result discussion the modified

posture with machine improves the efficiency of worker towards working
and hence productivity of industry increases.

7. CONCLUSIONS
Modelling (Manikin creation) and RULA analyses for various awkward

postures were evaluated. These postures could be detected using RULA assessment in
CATIA V5 R19. From the results, it was noticed that the postures carried out during
drilling operation were unsafe and objectionable. Further improvement is suggested to
the industry to avoid discomfort and further disorders. After suggesting suitable
guidelines, comparison results shows lot of improvement in operating postures. Thus, it
can be concluded that that software analysis and ergonomic assessment tools were very
best source for identifying the workers discomfort levels and providing possible
solutions and the ergonomically designed industrial work station,
machines/equipment‟s can reduce drudgery, increase efficiency, safety and comfort

8. SUGGESTION TO INDUSTRY
From result discussion and conclusion we can see that the worker is
uncomfortable during actual working on drilling machine in industry. The drilling
machine is ergonomically not correct for worker. So, after few years the worker may
suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. This affects on health of worker and hence the
productivity of industry also reduced.
To avoid such major problems in industry we are giving some suggestions to

the Laxmi Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd.:-
After various evaluations (modeling & analysis) we come to conclusion that

the conventional manual feeding drill machine is should be replaced by automatic all
gear feeding drill machine so that average load of machine will be up to 2kg operator
can work comfortably on the machine.
After modification in machine working postures of operator are improved as

shown in the modified diagrams in chapter 5. So that the worker may work easily and
comfortably. Hence operator will not suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. Due to
this the health of operator enhances. This all results increase in productivity of
industry.

9. SCOPE FOR THE FUTURE WORK
In developing countries like India, the scale of use of human resources in

small and medium entrepreneurs (SME‟s) in labour intensive industries is huge. In
this situation, it must be obvious that very small improvements in working conditions
or working methods can lead to large benefits.
Suggested ergonomic guidelines should be implemented for the workers sake
in order to create safe working environment.
This evaluation technique can be applied for any manual material handling
activities in manufacturing industry and also in various occupational risk activities to
evaluate and improve the work environment.
To provide them proper industrial training, creating ergonomic awareness,
industrial hygiene expertise, alternative welding methods.
Employee suggestion scheme should be introduced where employees are
given free hand to give a suggestion to management for any improvement from
quality, cost, delivery, safety and morale point of view.
Conduct periodic health assessment to ensure the workers are working in
good environment condition.
Workstation renovation also can ensure a safe and comfortable working
environment.
Monitoring groups and systematic approach and will help the management in
the implementation in order to reduce workplace hazards.
Safety aspects and application of safety equipment‟s like hand gloves,
goggles, positive air powered respirator, auto darkening helmets, heat resistant aprons
etc.., will ensure the workers safety.

REFERENCES
1. Pravin K. Bhuse, Ravindra T. Vyavahare, December 2014, “Ergonomic

Evaluation of Knapsack Sprayer used in Agricultural Application”, International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, ISSN 2229-5518, Page no.
2, 5.
2. Mahendra K C, Virupaksha Gouda H, Dr. A Thimmana Gouda, Jun 2016,
“Ergonomic Analysis of Welding Operator Postures”, International Journal of
Mechanical And Production Engineering, Volume- 4, ISSN: 2320-2092, Page no. 1,
2, 5.
3. S. C. Mali and R. T. Vyavahare, 2015, “An Ergonomic Evaluation of an Industrial
Workstation: A Review”, Vol.5, Page no. 4, 5.
4. A. Ansari, M. J, 2014, Evaluation of work Posture by RULA and REBA: A Case
Study, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE),
Vol.11.Page no. 4.
5. L. Rahman, 2014, Study and analysis of work postures of workers working in a
ceramic industry through rapid upper limb assessment (RULA), International Journal
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, Page no. 4.
6. P. N. Kale and R. T. Vyavahare, Aug 2016, “Ergonomic Analysis Tools: A
Review”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology,
Vol.6.Page no. 5.
7. S. C. Mali and R. T. Vyavahare, Aug 2015, “RULA Analysis of Work-Related
Disorders of Foundry Industry Worker Using Digital Human Modeling (DHM)”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 02.
Page no. 5.

PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph With HR Manager Of Laxmi Hydraulic Pvt. Ltd., Solapur
Photograph with guide Prof. S.A. Gurav Sir

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Ergonomic analysis of a Drilling machine operator” (Sponsored by-LHP PVT. Ltd.

Discomfort and pain are common in human-work activities and workers

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

“designing the human to fit the machine” instead of designing machines to

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINATION:

As we are existing method of modelling and analysis on machine shop

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

Following is the literature review of some papers giving more information

 Rahaman (2014) Covered research work in leading ceramic industry of bangaladesh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

 Pravin K. Bhuse, et al. (2014) presented ergonomic assessment of knapsack sprayer

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

3.1 METHODOLOGY TO BE USED:

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

4. MODELLING AND MANIKIN CREATION

For creating manikin, we had taken parameter: height of operator working on

Fig. 1.Human Body Model

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

4.1 DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF HUMAN BODY:

Table 1: Parameters of human body

Sr. Name of Body No. of Degree of Name of Degree of Freedom

1. Arm 3 1.Flexion / Extension

3.Medial Rotation / Lateral Rotation

2. Clavicular 2 1.Flexion / Extension

3. Foot 2 1.Dorsiflexion / Plantar Flexion

4. Forearm 2 1.Flexion / Extension

5. Full Spine 3 1.Flexion / Extension

2. Lateral left / Lateral right

6. Head 3 1.Flexion / Extension

2. Lateral left / Lateral right

3.Rotation right / Rotation left

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

7. Leg 2 1.Flexion / Extension

2.Medial Rotation / Lateral Rotation

8. Lumbar 3 1.Flexion / Extension

2. Lateral left / Lateral right

3.Rotation right / Rotation left

9. Thigh 1.Flexion / Extension

3.Medial Rotation / Lateral Rotation

10. Thoracic 1.Flexion / Extension

3 2. Lateral left / Lateral right

3.Rotation right / Rotation left

11. Toes 1 1.Flexion / Hyper-Extension

12. Hand 2 1.Flexion / Extension

2.Radial Deviation / Ulnar Deviation

13. Thumb 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension

14. Thumb 2 1 1.Flexion / Extension

15. Thumb 3 1 1.Flexion / Extension

16. Index 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension

2.Radial Deviation / Ulnar Deviation

17. Index 2 1 1.Flexion / Extension

Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBNSCOE, Page

18. Index 3 1 1.Flexion / Extension

19. Middle finger 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension

2.Radial Deviation / Ulnar Deviation

20. Middle finger 2 1 1.Flexion / Extension

21. Middle finger 3 1 1.Flexion / Extension

22. Annular 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension

2.Radial Deviation / Ulnar Deviation

23. Annular 2 1 1.Flexion / Extension

24. Annular 3 1 1.Flexion / Extension

25. Auricular 1 2 1.Flexion / Extension