GEC01

 Rizal said, He who controls the past controls the future - FALSE
 Jose Rizal was involved in a love triangle with Juan Luna to Nelly Bousted
and was also part of the romantic equation - FALSE
 Jose P. Laurel is the main proponent of the Rizal Law- FALSE
 Claro M. Recto, Manila’s Mayor who supported the bill walked out of Mass
when the priest read a circular from the archbishop denouncing the bill -
FALSE
 The bill (Rizal Law) was enacted on June 12, 1856, flag day - FALSE
 Alejandro Roces retrieves the original manuscripts of Rizal’s novel for
three hundred thousand pesos only - FALSE
 It was through Paciano that Jose developed his interest in literature -
FALSE
 R.A No. 1425 declares Dr. Jose Rizal as the national hero - FALSE
 Jose Rizal was tagged as American made hero because the commission
in search of national hero is purely composed of Americans - FALSE
 According to the National Commission for Culture and Arts, a hero
contributes to the quality of life and destiny of a nation - FALSE
 The execution of Gomburza was the birth of Patriotism - FALSE
 The Filipino clergy an liberal reformists were able to inspire the
principalias in their initiative to carry the ideals of national identity and
rights during their time - FALSE
 The Filipinos campaigned for reforms and specifically aimed for the
recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain, provision of Spanish
citizenship to Filipinos, guarantee of basic freedoms and equal opportunity
for Filipinos - FALSE
 Dr. Jose Rizal died at the age of - 35
 Dr. Jose Rizal is a linguist who was able to master 22 languages
 Spain was known as Mistress of the World
 Dr. Jose Rizal tried to initiate agrarian reform in 1887 but in vain, ignited
the wrath of this order of the missionary friars who retaliated by raising
land rentals - DOMINICANS
 One of the corrupt Governor Generals here in the Philippines persecuted
Calamba tenants, particularly the family of Dr. Jose Rizal - GEN.
VALERIANO WEYLER
 While this missionary order opened the Escuela Normal de Maestros in
1865 to provide Spanish speaking teachers for the new primary school
system - JESUITS
 What event that is economic in aspect had influence and conditioned
Rizal’s thoughts as a nationalist - THE RISING PROSPERITY OF
HACIENDAS OWNERSHIP BROUGHT BY THE EXPORT INDUSTRY
WHICH ALSO CAUSED DISPUTES BETWEEN THE INQUILINOS AND
THE OWNERS OF THE HACIENDAS
 What event that is political in aspect had influence and conditioned Rizal’s
thoughts as a nationalist - THE UNSTEADINESS OF THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT IN THE COLONY WAS BROUGHT BY THE
IRREGULAR CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT AND INTERVALS
BETWEEN THE LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES
 During the 19th century, there were internal conflicts in the Spanish
Government as Conservatives and Liberals fight their way to national
positions. How this affected the colonial administration of the Philippines -
INCOMPETENCY OF THE COLONIAL OFFICIALS TASKED TO
MANAGE THE COUNTRY


MODULE 1

December 20, 1898 - Two years after the execution of Rizal in Bagumbayan,
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo a decree designating Dec. 30 as the anniversary of
Jose Rizal’s death and also as “a national day of mourning” for Rizal and
other victims of the Spanish government throughout its three centuries of
oppressive rule. He made a directive that all national flags shall be hoisted at
half-mast from 12 noon on Dec. 29 and all offices of the government shall be
closed the whole day on December 30 as a sign of mourning.

December 30, 1898 - Filipinos celebrated Rizal Day for the first time and
chose Club Filipino in Manila to be the venue.

1901 - This was one of the first official steps taken by the Taft Commission to
honor Rizal. Since then, Jose Rizal came to be known as the National Hero.
September 28, 1901 - Thus, Act No. 243 was enacted granting the right to
use public land upon the Luneta in the City

February 1, 1902 - The Philippine Commission enacted Act. No. 345 which
set December 30 of each year as Rizal Day, and made it one of the ten official
holidays of the Philippines. As the nationalist spirit of the Filipinos was at the
highest point during that time, they were able to convince the government to
erect a monument for Rizal.

June 9, 1948 - President Quirino approved Republic Act No. 229 which
prohibits cockfighting, horse racing and jai-alai every 30th of December of
each year, in order to have proper observance of Rizal Day.

August 10, 1954 - To give ample time to prepare for the birth centenary of
Jose Rizal in 1961, the Rizal National Centennial Commission was created by
Executive Order No. 52, issued by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay to undertake the
construction of a National Cultural Shrine and other memorials to be
dedicated to Jose Rizal.

1 July 1962 - JRNCC was abolished and Rizal Presidential Committee was
created after President Diosdado Macapagal issued Executive Order No. 14.

June 12, 1956 - Jose Rizal’s vast role in the attainment of the nation’s
freedom led to the issuance of Republic Act 1425. Commonly known as the
Rizal Act, it was sponsored by Senator Claro M. Recto. It requires the
curricula of private and public schools, colleges and universities courses to
include the life, works andwritings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in order to educate the students about the
concept of nationalism.

June 2, 1961 - A few days before the celebration of the birth centenary of
Jose Rizal in 1961, Pres. Garcia issued Executive Order No. 429, creating a
decoration intended to perpetuate Rizal’s memory, to be known as the Rizal
Pro Patria Award.

December 30, 1913 - Rizal monuments are concrete memorials to his legacy.
The most prominent is the Rizal monument in Manila, unveiled in line with the
17th Anniversary of the martyrdom of Jose Rizal. However, the Rizal
monument in the town Daet in Camarines Norte holds the distinction of the
first ever erected in honor of Rizal.

December 30, 1937 - In his memorable Rizal Day address, Pres. Quezon
declared through Commonwealth Act No. 184 the adoption of Tagalog as the
basis of the national language of the Philippines.

December 30, 1942 - The Rizal Day celebration of this year required the
display of Japanese flags in Filipino homes. Attended by Jorge Vargas
Benigno Aquino, Sr, and Jose P. Laurel, Sr., a Nippongo program on Rizal
was held in 1942, during which the hero’s “Ultimo Adios” was recited in
Japanese. This event also witnessed the inauguration of Kalibapi.
1946 - Just after the war in 1946, the country saw floral offerings and a civic
parade in observance of Rizal Day. President Roxas was joined by high
officials of the national government and representatives of the United States
Army and Navy and foreign nations who offered wreaths at the foot of Rizal’s
monument.

December 30, 1950 - All Philippine flags throughout the island were raised at
half-mast in all public buildings and vessels to commemorate the martyrdom
of Rizal. There was also floral offering at the Rizal monument at Luneta and
concert in the afternoon.

December 30, 1953 - A crowd estimated to be from 300-500, 000 persons

gathered at the Luneta to attend the inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay as
president of the Republic of the Philippines. The Constitution had made the
Rizal Day event even more memorable having specified the date of the day
for the inauguration of President of the Republic as stipulated in Sec. 4 of
Article VII of the 1935 Constitution. However, this was moved to June 30 by
virtue of the 1987 Constitution which is being observed until now.

December 30, 1996 - The centenary of the martyrdom of Rizal highlights the
tracing of the last walk of Rizal from his detention cell at Fort Santiago
followed by the reenactment of the hero’s execution and flag raising at Luneta
Park, Manila. A monument of Rizal was also inaugurated on 5 December
1996 along the Avenida de Las Islas Filipinas in Madrid, Spain.

According to the 1993 Technical Committee, the National Hero shall be:
 Those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for
the nation's freedom.
 Those who define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order
for a nation.
 Heroes are those who make the nation's constitution and laws.
 Heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a
nation.

Three more criteria were added in 1995:

 A hero is part of the people's expression. But the process of a people's
internalization of a hero's life and works takes time, with the youth forming
a part of the internalization.
 A hero thinks of the future, especially the future generations.
 The choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or
events in history, but of the entire process that made this particular person
a hero.

Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued Decree of Dec. 20, 1898, declaring December
30 of every year as a day of national mourning in honor of Rizal and other
victims of the Philippine Revolution. Act 137, which organized the politico-
military district of Morong into Rizal province, was the first official step taken
by the Taft Commission to honor Rizal.
Former President Fidel Ramos issued an executive order to create a National
Heroes Committee, which is mandated to study, evaluate and recommend
Filipino heroes in recognition of their exceptional character and remarkable
achievements for the country. The committee recommended nine Filipino
historical figures to be national heroes: Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio
Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat,
Juan Luna, Melchor Aquino and Gabriela Silang. However, no action has
been taken on these recommendations since the submission of the report by
the committee in November 15, 1995. This was probably because this might
trigger a flood of requests for proclamations. Another possibility is that the
proclamations can trigger bitter debates involving historical controversies
about the heroes. A bill filed by Congressman Rene Relampagos from Bohol
in February 2014 sought, among other things, to declare Jose Rizal as the
sole Filipino national hero. According to the bill, he was a nationalist and well
known for his Philippine reforms advocacy during the Spanish colonial era. As
of January 1, 2017, the status of the bill was "Pending with the Committee on
REVISION OF LAWS since 2014-02-19". In honor of their heroic actions, the
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) issues
commemorative coins.

MODULE 2

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - rising prosperity on haciendas ownership had

brought friction between inquilinos and owners of haciendas as lands grew in
value and rents were raised.

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS - In Spain, the Liberals succeeded

Conservatives at irregular intervals as one or the other proved incapable of
coping with the problems of governing the nation. The unsteadiness of these
governments made it impossible to develop any inconsistent policy for the
overseas colonies.

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT - which “the Philippines owes the Jesuits the

beginnings of the Natural Sciences, soul of the 19th century.” The Jesuits
opened the Escuela Normal de Maestros in 1865 to provide Spanish-
speaking teachers for the new primary school system. The Escuela Normal
represented a hope of progress in the minds of many Filipinos, just as it would
be opposed by those for whom modern education for Filipinos posed a danger
to the continuance of Spanish rule. In effect graduates of the Normal School
met opposition from many parish priests.

Rizal wrote in his Memorias that through his studies of literature, science and
philosophy “the eyes of my intelligence opened a little, and my heart began to
cherish nobler sentiments.” Also, during his fifth year at the Ateneo, he
mentioned that through these studies “my patriotic sentiments greatly
developed.”

What heritage had Burgos passed on to the next generation?

He transformed the century-old dispute between the Spanish friars and the
Filipino secular clergy from an intramural ecclesiastical controversy into a
clear assertion of Filipino equality with the Spaniard, into a demand for justice
to the Filipino.
The Propaganda Movement as “heirs” of Early Allied Movements
The Propaganda Movement would be the heir of the movement of the Filipino
clergy, and would carry the ideas of national identity articulated by Burgos to
their next step and their logical conclusion. The movement which lasted from
1880 to 1895, campaigned for reforms and specifically aimed for the
recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain, provision of Spanish
citizenship to Filipinos, guarantee of basic freedoms and equal opportunity for
Filipinos. Prominent propagandists included Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez-
Jaena, Mariano Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pilar.