Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale

College tuition has been rising year by year so it is understandable that some

students would be leaning towards the highest-paying college majors. And one of those

is interior design. The field has had significant contributions to the realm of human

comfort, especially when people are forced to stay indoors for long periods. While there

are thousands of interior design businesses in the United States (IBIS World, 2021), it is

entirely possible for someone with a degree in interior design to shift to other career

fields, especially design-related ones. Their creativity, graphic design skills, and project

management skills are sought in many industries, including marketing and advertising,

media, and fashion, to name a few Interior designers naturally have an inclination in the

field of art.

Career decision making is a mechanism that defines an individual's choices

when making career decisions. This process also characterizes the factors which help

the individuals to take the decision and provide us with an awareness of how certain

aspects influence their decisions and career choices (Sharaf, 2002). Career decision

making is considered a highly creative and difficult process because, in the previous five

decades, people had fewer career options, and careers were more linear, nowadays,

the career environment offers many challenging opportunities and choices. Due to these

circumstances, the career exploration process relatively requires a high level of self-
assurance in one’s ability to wisely integrate between available options and choose his

career path (Arnold, 2001).

Interior designers may expand their employment horizons by taking courses in

landscape construction and site design. Professionals in this field, much like interior

designers, are experts in using design software. Degrees in this field must be approved

by the Landscape Architectural Accreditation Board. Further, Landscape architects must

pass the landscape Architect Registration Examination to be able to practice their

profession. Interior design has changed significantly over the past 20 to 30 years and

has established itself as a recognized profession (Martin, 1998). This profession has

evolved from one predominantly concerned with surface ornamentation to one based on

designing for human behavior.

Six in 10 craft and fine artists are self-employed or independent (U.S. Bureau of

Labor Statistics, 2021). This would be an ideal field for interior designers who do not

find themselves fitting in with the corporate world. Like other interior designers, the job

of a furniture designer is multifaceted, ranging from drawing and planning to building

models and prototypes. Their customers can be individuals or a group of a company's

suppliers. Custom furniture is created as part of their job to best fit a room in a house for

daily use, a showroom to highlight or accompany a product, or an office. Many furniture

designers have backgrounds in architecture, craftsmanship, and carpentry. They make

use of wood, metals, fabrics, and textiles.

 Once an Interior Designer has received an interior design degree certification,

the next step is finding the best interior design jobs that match their specialization. While

not strictly necessary for the job, many hiring clients consider a degree and certification

to be the basic interior designer qualifications. Furniture, exhibition, kitchen, and lighting

design are the top four career paths for an interior designer. Accredited Interior Design

courses aim to educate you to be competent, skilled, and educated design practitioners.

Most of the Interior Design Technology students did not pursue or proceed with

their bachelor degree. The students think that rendering another 2 years is a waste of

time and they are not financially capable to study in order for them to be a licensed

interior designer. Due to lack of demand in the industry, they chose work that is not

related to their field and others chose to work to provide for their family and younger

siblings financially.

Practicality is a smart thing to pick in regards to income and sometimes skill.

Passion in a career is pursuing something you love and pursuing it because you’re

interested and it’ll make you happy. Money is the driving force behind choosing a career

and that’s why jobs are generally regarded as chores. According to an article posted by

The University of Southern California, the time that we spend doing events we are

passionate about contributes to our happiness and lowers stress. Moreover, people

spend most of their time at work, whether that be in an office or at home and many

would prefer doing something compelling to them. Nevertheless, these jobs can turn

into chores and it may no longer be something that motivates people to work. There is
also the issue of money, your job might not fit with your financial needs or may not fit

the market.

The goal of the study is to identify the chosen career path of interior design

technology students as to what are the possible factors of their decision-making in

choosing their career path. The researchers focus on this difficulty in Cebu

Technological University students for this ground is where it is most convenient. The

students in the mentioned school are also the reason because the school mentioned

offers Interior design technology courses.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study is relatively based on John Holland’s Theory of Career Choice. This

theory maintains that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around

others who are like them. They search for environments that will let them use their skills

and abilities, and express their attitudes and values, while taking on enjoyable problems

and roles. Behavior is determined by an interaction between personality and

environment.

Within this theory there are six basic types of work environment, which correlate

directly to the personality types. Holland emphasizes that people who choose to work in

an environment like their personality type are more likely to be successful and satisfied.

This idea is important as it shows Holland’s theory can be flexible, incorporating

combination types (Jones, 2008).

Figure 1 presents the entire process of the research that will be studied by the

researchers. It shows the variables that will critically affect the entire study for the

analysis and findings will be examined and done through gathering data.

The Respondent’s Personality types will determine the truthfulness of John

Holland’s Theory of Career Choice. As explained in the first part, the theory emphasizes

that people who choose to work in an environment like their personality type are more

likely to be successful and satisfied. (Jones, 2008)

 The Profile of the respondents, the selected ones will undergo the procedures to

whether in that age, they decided to work in their desired career and passion.

After the last part of the process, the data gathered, verified, tested, and

analyzed the findings and conclusion will be formed. If John Holland’s Theory of Career

Choice will be proven true, then most likely the researchers will know if the students of

Interior Design Technology will choose practicality over passion among their career

paths.
 Career Choice: A case study in
decision making of Interior Design
Technology Students of Cebu
Technological University Main
Campus

Demographic Profile of the

Personality Types: Parental Guidance: Respondents:
 Average  Advice a. Gender
 Reserved  Enlightenment b. Age
 Role-Model c. Year Level
 Self-Centered d. Hobbies

Tools and Procedure in Gathering

and Analyzing Data:
John Holland’s Theory
a. Questionnaire
of Career Choice
b. Interview

 Satisfaction
 Career Path

Figure 1. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to discover the career path of Interior Design Technology students of
Cebu Technological University Main Campus.

More specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age and sex
1.2 year
1.3 income
2. What is the level of competency among IDT students in terms of:
2.1 skills in manual drawing
2.2 software literacy
2.3 knowledge in furniture making
3. What are the possible factors as to why they chose this degree program:
3.1 self-choice
3.2 peer pressure
3.3 parents
4. Is there any significant difference in terms of the opportunity of students in the dying
industry of interior designing?
5. Is there any significant difference in terms of the financial status of students in
choosing their career path?
Null Hypothesis

H04. There is no significant difference in terms of the opportunity of students in the

dying industry of interior designing.

H05: There is no significant difference in terms of the financial status of students in

choosing their career path.

Significance of the study

This study hopes to ascertain an understanding on the matter of the Interior
design technology students of Cebu Technological University in choosing their career
paths. Moreover, this pushes to see the difficulties of Interior design technology
students and if any factors are greatly affected by their paths. This study will help
people to have a broader perspective regarding this matter. Furthermore, this study
could be of importance to the following:

Graduates. The graduates of Interior Design Technology are the main reason
why the researcher sought to study this topic. This study could help the graduates to
have more knowledge about the two-way path after graduating.

Parents. The information presented in this study will enable parents to see the
views on this matter and can help them improve their parenting skills. This matter will
also help them know better and obtain information regarding with the chosen careers
with their children.

Incoming IDT students. The outcomes that will be shown in this study will help
them to identify the factors in choosing their career paths after graduation. whether
choosing practicality is an option or a long-term goal over choosing a job by their field.
 Future Researchers. The information and ideas presented in this study can be
used as reference for their future studies. Future researchers can attain findings and
information in this study that will give them a background for the success of their study.
 Research Methodology

Research Design

The descriptive methods of the researcher will be used in this study to identify the

decision making of the Interior Design students in Cebu Technological University.

Flow of the study

The study's input, process, and output (IPO) paradigm are followed. Data about the

profiles of the respondents is provided. Additionally, it looks at the caliber of the

decisions interior design students make regarding their profession choice. Case studies,

techniques, approaches, and statistical tools are among the several processes. Simple

percentage, weighed mean, and two-simple T-test are the statistical tests that the

researcher will employ.

The information acquired responses on the respondent's profile will be tested using the

straightforward percentage technique. The performance, characteristics, reliability, and

conformance to the norm are analyzed using the weighed mean using a 5-point Likert

scale.
 INPUT

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age and sex
1.2 year
1.3 income
2. What is the level of competency among IDT students in terms of:
2.1 skills in manual drawing
2.2 software literacy
2.3 knowledge in furniture making
3. What are the possible factors as to why they chose this degree program:
3.1 self-choice
3.2 peer pressure
3.3 parents
4. Is there any significant difference in terms of the opportunity of students in the dying industry of interior designing?
5. Is there any significant difference in terms of the financial status of students in choosing their career path?

PROCESS

Descriptive method in research

Approved transmittal method
Data gathering procedure
Researcher-made Questionnaire
Statistical tools
Presentation and interpretation of data

OUTPUT

CAREER CHOICE: A CASE STUDY IN DECISION-MAKING OF INTERIOR DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

STUDENT OF CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS

Research Environment
 The study will be conducted at Cebu Technological University Main Campus. The

University is located at M.J Cuenco Ave., Cor R. Palma Street, Cebu. CTU is one of

premiere University in Cebu that offers free tuition to the students. This state University

is beside of Plaza Independencia and back part of pier 2. From Basilica Minore del Sto.

Nino straight to Cebu Cathedral CTU is nearby of this famous churches

Respondents

The respondents of this study are the freshmen up to graduating students taking

up BIT-IDT course in Cebu Technological University Main Campus wherein there were

twenty interviewees.

Research Instrument
 The primary tool to gather data is through interview which is prepared by the

researcher base on their observations, reading articles, interviews, and internet, which

are all related to the study. The researcher will use a questionnaire in gathering the

data. The score indicates 5 down to 1 where 5=Strongly Agree, 4=Agree, 3=Neutral,

2=Disagree, and 1=Strongly Disagree. The results of the survey will be interpreted and

analyzed to have data analysis.

Data gathering Procedure

The Director of Cebu Technological University- Main Campus Undergraduate

School will receive a concept paper for approval. Following the approval, Data gathering

will be conducted after personally acquiring permissions from the Interior Design

Technology Students of Cebu Technological University-Main Campus. A schedule is set

base on their vacant time to avoid conflict on their academic hours. The researcher

does all the possible ways of gathering the data thorough instructed interview,

Facebook and other social media, chitchats in person, asking from relatives, and etc.

and the respondents would remain confidential. After the data has been gathered, the

researcher will express the gratitude of appreciation for their time in participating the

study.
Definition of Terms

This section identifies the unusual words or phrase used by the researchers to

conduct the research that is being presented. To have an understanding of the

concepts here is important information in the study. The following are thoroughly

defined:

Interior design. is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve

a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.

Inclination. is a person's natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way; a

disposition or propensity. A tendency to a particular aspect, state, character, or action.

the clutch has an inclination to slip and deviation from the true vertical or horizontal it

also the degree of such deviation.

Landscape Architectural Accreditation board. The program conducts a self-study to

evaluate how well it is meeting its educational goals. It also develops and promulgates

the accreditation standards, rules and procedures for conducting the accreditation

process.

Predominant. it is having superior strength, influence, or authority and being most

frequent or common. being the most noticeable or largest in number, or having the most

power or influence.

Multifaceted. having many different parts or sides: It's a multifaceted business,

offering a range of services.

Career path. is a smaller group of jobs within a career cluster that use similar skills.

Each career cluster contains several career paths. You can start in a lower-lever job in a

career path and, with more education and experience, move up within that path.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies both local and foreign and

sources.

Parson (1909) launched the idea of career decision-making. He discussed that

the career choices should be based on the following three comprehensive aspects:

(1) A comprehensive understanding of oneself, expertise, goals, motivation,

capital, shortcomings, and awareness of their causes

(2) Recognition of the criteria, standards of performance, positives and

negatives,

rewards, incentives, and opportunities in various fields of work

(3) A valid logic of the relationship between two categories of facts (Patton &

McMahon 1999). CDMS can be defined as the level of student’s confidence regarding

his or her particular skills which engage in educational activities related to the collection

of career information, setting or planning goals, and making decisions (Peterson, 1993).

Bets and Taylor (2001) explained CDMS as the ability of an individual where he can

effectively achieve his goals which are necessary for making decisions about his career.

According to Dykasa, Yair and Cassidyc (2008), the performance of individuals in

establishing and maintaining supportive peer relationships is considered an important

feature of successful socio-emotional transition during their lifetime. Hence, the

recognition of the various factors correlated with the positive features of peer

interactions between children and adolescents was a major goal of developmental

researchers.

The world is heading into the era of unprecedented skill inferiority that can

adversely affect economic growth and ultimately change the dynamics of the approach

to employment. Every person experiences a career decision-making process that is

influenced by many factors such as the environment in which they work, their personal

skills, peers ' impact and educational achievement (Watson et el., 2010).
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bouchrika, I. PhD (2022) Interior Design Careers: 2022 Guide to Career Paths, Options
&Salaryhttps://thespellbinder.net/3271/features/career-path-choice-passion-or-practicality/?
fbclid=IwAR3NTDtJ5n14acnyzP-PTtSCxHUZPgtpQFi93zT9ibdY9i8Pata1n-JcFzU

Robledo, A. (2018) Career Path Choice: Passion or Practicality?

https://thespellbinder.net/3271/features/career-path-choice-passion-or-practicality/?

fbclid=IwAR3NTDtJ5n14acnyzP-PTtSCxHUZPgtpQFi93zT9ibdY9i8Pata1n-JcFzU

Alkhadi, A. (2019) Future Directions in Interior Design Education

http://www.scholarpractitionerjournals.com/article/future-directions-interior-design-education?
fbclid=IwAR1_l3TbuUz0Xszzz4gfMIXcdCvmNC7uthyJQwegEbs4foPwmrblG4iIysI

APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Kyle E. Años

email: kylekyle.anos@ctu.edu.ph
Phone number: 09566094267
Address: Salvador Ext. Labangon, Cebu City

Reference: Lawaan National High School

Mrs. Floreliza Carbonero (2014-2018)
CTU Instructor Don Sergio Osmena Sr. Memorial
0908771952 National High School
(2018-2020)
Elmer Años Cebu Technological University
09179639800 (2020-Present)

Education: Achievements:
Labangon Elementary School Gain in NCII and COC in
(2008-2014)
Organic Agriculture and Production Singing
Agribusiness
Technical Drafting Language: Filipino and English
Refrigeration and Air Condition (PACU)

Expertise or Hobbies:
Drafting and Space Planning
Name: Cabacoy, Mel Jhared D.
email:

meljhared.cabacoy@ctu.edu.ph
Phone Number: 09662304338
Address: Pit-os, Cebu City

Reference: Cebu Technological University

Larah Geolin-Jimenez (2021-Present)
Project Developments
DSWD VII Achievements:
09184273036 Art exhibit at Mezzo Hotel
Poster making contest (1st placer)
Geneper Hermoso Cake Designer (Immersion Program)
Continuum Global Solutions Freelance Event Designer
Customer Service Rep
09173600272 Expertise or Hobbies:
Manual Drawing, Arts and Crafts
Education:
Bacayan Elementary School Language: Filipino and Bisaya
(2008-2014)
Pit-os National High School (2014-2018)
Senior High School- Pit-os National
High School (2018-2020)
 Name: Mark Rennier Cabase
email: cabasemark9@gmail.com
Phone Number: 09751895328
Address: Wood Land Heights, Banawa, Cebu City

Reference: (2018-2020)
Ernesto Cabase Cebu Technological University
Teacher III (2020-Present)
0935915473
Achievements:
Eugenina G. Rabong Oration Contest (Champion)
School Principal Conduct Awardee
09238164155 With Honors (High School)
Highest Customers Scores
Education: (Customer Service Rep)
Labangon Elementary School
(2008-2014) Expertise or Hobbies: Drawing, CAD
Don Sergio Osmena Sr. Memorial
National High School Language: Cebuano Bisaya, Filipino,
(2014-2018) English
Don Sergio Osmena Sr. Memorial
National High School
 Name: Ma. Bebina P. Saludar
email: bina.saludar@ctu.edu.ph
Phone Number: 09279303679
Address: Pusok, Lapu-Lapu City

Reference: Miss AIT Photogenic (2019)

Hazel I. Augusto Slogan Making Contest (1st Placer 2018)
Teacher Slogan Making Contest (1st Placer 2019)
09393795210 Visual Arts Awardee (2020)
DSNYO Officer (2022-Present)
Mrs. Floreliza Carbonero Premier King & Queen (3rd runner up)
CTU Instructor
0908771952 Expertise or Hobbies:
Watercolor Painting, Sketching,
Education: Cooking, Watching Movies, and
Pusok Elementary School Reading
(2008-2014)
Mandaue City Comprehensive National Language:
High School Sinugbuanong Bisaya, Filipino and
(2014-2018) English
Advance Institute of Technology, Inc.
(2018-2020)
Cebu Technological University
(2020-Present)
Achievements: