FLOW OF A VlSCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID

BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL PLATES,

O N E IN U N I F O R M MOTION AND THE OTHER
AT REST, WITH SUCTION AT THE
STATIONARY PLATE

BY K. D. SINHA
(Assistant Lecturer in Mathematics, Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur)
AND
R. C. CHOUDHARY
(Lecturer in Mathematics, Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur)
Received August 14, 1964

(Communicated by Dr. N. S. Nagendra Nath, F.A.SC.,F.r~.L)

INTRODUCTION

THE exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations for the plane Coutte flow
between two plates, one at rest and the other in uniform motion, isalready
known. 1 The velocity distribution between the plates is linear with the
maximum velocity at the plate in motion.
In this paper an attempt has been made to find the solution of the Navier-
Stokes equations for the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two
plates, one at test and the other in uniform motion, with small uniform suction
at the sationary plate. A solution has been obtained under the assumption
that the pressure between the two plates is uniform. It has been shown that
due to suction a linear transverse velocity is superimposed over the longi-
tudinal velocity. With suction the longitudinal velocity distribution between
the plates becomes parabolic and decreases along the length of the plate.
The longitudinal velocity, the shearing stress at the stationary plate, and the
volume rate of flow increase with cr ( = VoYo/V), the suction parameter defined
with reference to the suction velocity and the distance between the two plates.

NOTATIONS

x = co-ordinate along the length of the plate.

y = co-ordinate normal to the plate measured from the plate at rest,
z = co-ordinate perpendicular to the plane of x and y,
3O8
 Flow o f a Viscous bteompressible Fluid between Two Parallel Plates 309

U velocity in x direetion.
velocity in y direction.
W ~-- velocity in z direction.
U = uniform velocity of the plate in motion.
p = density of the fluid.
p = pressure.
uniform suetion velocity at the stationary plate.

Yo distanee between the two plates,

g, = coefficient o f viscosity.

V kinematic viscosity.
P
7/ = ~Y dimensionless y co-ordinate.
Yo
_ VoYo suction parameter.

= ( 1 - ~) CG.

So = Z 1--l-)-~_¡ g"9
2nT-2n----
O

1
S = 2 2=(2n- 1)/__n 0"~91(l -- TI)2n-1.
O

,r o (~u) , shearing stress at the stationary plate.

~/~ 3-Yy=o

Q = ~ udy, volume rate of longitudinal flow.

o

Qo = volume rate o f longitudinal flow for solid plates (~ = 0).

Q , flow coefficient.
C~ = Q0
Q' = volume of the fluid removed through suction.

F_,QUATIONS OF MOTION AND THI~IR SOLUTION

The Navier-Stokes equations o f motion o f viseous ineompressible fluids

in cartesian rectangular co-ordinates are
310 K . D . SINHAAND R. C. CHOUDHARY

u ~ -F v 5} + w ~z o ~y -I- ~ \~-x2 + @-~ + ~z~ ) (2)

bw 3w bw 1 ~p (b~w 32w ~z,~_",I

U ~x + V ~-y § w ~T~--- p ~z 91 v ~,bx2 + ~ ~ § ~z ~ ] (3)

and the equation of continuity is

~u 3v ~w
(4)
~x +-~~, +
For the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel plates,
one in uniform motion and the other at rest, it is assumed that

3P - 0, since the flow is due to shear only,

bx
and

~P = 0, since the pressure variation at right ang'es to the plate

~y
is neglected for small suction.

Further

W
0 ) for two-dimensional flow.
~z
Hence Equation (3) identically vanishes and Equations (1), (2) and (4) become

u Yx + v @ = v \ ~x ~ + ~y~) (5)

u ~x + v ~ = v \ ~x ~ + ,~y2] (6)

~x ~~ = O. (7)

Ir the axis of x is taken along the plate at rest and y is measured at right angles
to it, the boundary conditions are :
y=O, v=--Vo, u=O
y=y0, v=0, u=U (8)
 Flow o f a Viscous [ncompressible Fhdd between Two Parallel Plates 31 !

where Yo is the distance between the two plates, v o is the uniform suct'on at
Ihe plate at rest and U is the velocity of the plate in motion.

Because of uniform suction ~v/~x = 0 and the equation of motion

in y direction becomes
3v 32o
v ~y ----- v ~~-2 (9)

with the boundary conditions

v=--Vo when y=0

v=O when Y=Yo. (10)

I" the suction volocity is assumed to be very small, the term on the left-hand
side of equation (9) is very small and the right-hand side must therefore be
similarly small and approximately equal to zero. Then,
~2V
~yZ -- O. (11)

The solution of Equation (11) with conditions (10) is

v = Y O ( l o -- 1) (12)

or

V
--- = 1 - - ~7,
--V 0

where

Yo
The distribution of transverse velocity has been shown in Fig. 1.

F r o m Equation (7),
~/t ~V -- v o
~;~ = - -~~ = - y,~. (t3)

Hence

~x
~ = O. (14)
312 K.D. SINHA AND R . C. CHOUDHARY

"9- -~o
"91

"5

. 91

I t , I 1 [ , , i

0 '1 "~ 5 "4 "li "6 '? "8 "9 1"0

'U U
-a)o' u
Fin. 1. Shear flow between two walls, one in uniform motion and the other at rest, with
uniform suction at the stationary wall. Loagituzlinal and traa~vorse veloNty proales plotte5
against ,1.

Substituting from equations (12), (13) and (14) into Equatiort (5) we get

v ~~- ~'o -- ~-Y -1- Yo

of

b~U
~~2 ~(,7-- 1 )bu~ + ~ u = O (15)

where

tT--
v oYo
V

with the conditions

u=0 when ~7=0
and
u=U when ~ = 1 . 16)
Let
91 - ~)r
 Flow of a Viscous hlcornpressible Fluid between Two Parallel Plates 313

Then Equation (15) changes to

b2tt ~lt
(17)

and the conditions (16) become

u=0 when 91
and
u=U when 91 (18)

The series solution of Equation (17) is

Z 1 91 (19)
u=al~--ao 2n ( 2 n - 1)/11 "
o

Applying the conditions (18), we have

ao = U
and

ax = ~/~ 2 n (2n -- 1) L n
O- n ,

Hence,

u = (1 -
U
~)(So- s) (20)

where
oo

So = Z 1
2n (2n -- 1 ) / n cm'
0

Z I ~n (1 -- ~/)2n-a.
S ---- 2n ( 2 n - 1)/n
O

For
u y
-=0, • = n =-y~

as in the case of plane Coutte motion without suction. The longitudinal

ve'ocity has been calculated for various values of-q a n d a and the results of
calculation are shown in Table I and have been plotted in Fig. 1.
 314 K. D. SINHA AND R. C. CHOUDHARY

TABLE I
Values of u/U = (1 -- ~/) (So -- S) for various values of *l and

0.0 0.I 0.2 0.3 0.4 0"5 0.6 0.7 0"8 0.9 1.000

o+
0.0 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000

0"2 0.000 0.109 0.217 0.322 0.425 0-526 0.625 0-722 0.816 0.909 1.000

0"4 0.000 0.120 0.235 0.345 0.444 0-553 0.651 0.744 0.833 0.919 1.000

0.6 0.000 0.133 0.254 0.371 0-482 0-582 0.677 0.768 0-851, 0-929 1.000

0.8 0.000 0.143 0.276 0.398 0.509 0-613 0.707 0.793 0.870 0.939 1.000

1"0 0.000 0.157 0.299 0.427 0.542 0-645 0.737 0.819 0.890 0.950 1.000

The shearing stress at the wall is

%: ~ (~~)~.o
Yo ~ (1 -- rl) {(1 -- rI) ( S o - - S)} ~-,w~

i.e.,

r~176-- 2 - - -1- ~n. (21)

I~U 2n L n
O

The discharge per unit breadth o f the plates is

llo I
Q: f udy = Uyo f ( S o - - S ) Z d Z
o 0

where Z = 1 -- ,/ and u/U is a function o f Z.

Hence

Q = Uyo
si ~
o
SoZ--
0
'
2 n (2n - 1) LnenZ~n
] dZ

= Uyo [so 2 --
O
2n(2n--
'
1)(2n+ l)/n~n
] .
(22)
 Flow o f a VIS('OIIS [ncompressible Fluid between Two Parallel Plates 315

The discharge for solid plates (,z =: 0) is

Q0= U2Yo- (2~)

The discharge coefficient is

Co= = So-- 2 n - x ( 2 n - 1 ) ( 2 n + 1)/__n cm

o

1
= 2 2n ( 2 n + l ) / n on " (24)
O

The shearing stress at the stationary plate and the flow coefficient have been
calculated for various values of cr and the results of calculations have been
shown in Table II and plotted in Fig. 2.

TABLE II

S o, "roYo/tzU and Co for various values ofcr --- v_oyo

11

So ~'oYo/q Co

0'000 --1"000 1"000 1.000

0.100 --0.950 1"051 1"017
0"200 --0"898 1'105 1.034
0.300 --0"846 1"162 1.052
0.400 --0"793 1"221 1"071
I

0.500 --0.739 1.284 1.090

0.600 --0.684 1.350 1.110
0.700 --0.628 1.419 1.130
0.800 --0.571 1.492 1-151
0-900 --0.513 1-568 1-173
1.000 --0.454 1.649 1.195

A4
316 K . D . SINHA AND R. C. CHOUDHARY

2.2 .0.4

2.1

2.0 .. 0.S

1.9

t .8 _0.6

1.7
I

"r,~, C So
/,tU , Q t.4 .0.8

I .5
t .2 .0.9
i t Ca

1'.0 _I
,0 .i ,2 .5 .4 .5 .6 ,7 .8 .9 .~

Fin. 2. Shcar flow between two walls, one in uniform motion and the other at rest, wi(h
uniform suction at the stationary wall.
So, ~0Y0//~U a n d C o plotted against ~ = VoYo[V

The volume of fluid removed through suction is given by

-- V0
Q'-------vo.A= ~.AU
where A is the wetted area of the stationary plate.

CONCLUSIONS

The following results have been obtained for the shear flow between two
plates, with uniform suction at the stationary plate.
(a) The longitudinal velocity distributiorl

~=
u (1 -- 7/) (S0 - S),
 Flow of a Viseous Ineompressible Fluid between Two Parallel Plates 317

(b) Trangverse velocity distribution

v -- 1-- ~7.
~~0
(c) Shearing stress at the wall

'lr0Y0
2n / n Cm"
O

(d) Flow coefficient

OO

~Ÿ 1 ah.
Co ---- 2n (2n + 1)/_.n
O

As a eonsequenee of small suction at the stationary wa•l, a linear trans-

verse velocity is superimposed over the longitudinal velocity due to shear.
The longitudinal velocity distribution between~the two plates becomes para-
bolic for small velocities of suction. The velocity u and the flow coefficient
Co inerease as cr increases. The longitudinal velocity and the volume rate
of flow decrease along the length of the wall.

Proceeding to the limit cr = 0, we have

u y
U Yo
v=0

%Y____o= 1
/~U
and
Co ----- 1
as is the plane Coutte flow between two plates. Since the volume flow is
decreasing all along the wall, the Reynolds number is similarly decreasing
and ir the flow is laminar at the leading edge, ir will remain so. The ever-
decreasing longitudinal velocity and the uniform suction velocity will at
some point lead to yo being of comparable magnitude to u and the solution
may cease to hold good under these conditions.

Strm~haY
In this paper an attempt has been made to ¡ the solution of the Navier-
Stokes equations for the flow of a viscous incomprcssiblr fluid bctween two
318 K . D . SINHAAND R. C. CHOUDHARY

plates, one at rest and the other in uniform motion, with small uniform suction
at the stationary plate. A solution has been obtained under the assumption
that the pressure between the two plates is uniform. It has been shown that
due to suction a linear transv~rse velocity is superimposed over the longi-
tudinal velocity. With suction, the longitudinal velocity distribution between
the plates becomes parabolic and decreases along the length of the plate.

The longitudinal velocity, the shearing stress at the stationary plate,

and the volume rate offlow increase with ,~ ( = Voyo/v), the suction parameter
defined with referenee to the suction velocity, and the distance between
the two plates. For ~----0 the results transform to the known results for
plane Coutte flow without suction.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to Dr. K. D. P. Sinha, Professor of Mathematics,

Bihar University, Muzaffarpur and to Dr. M. R. Head, University Engineering
Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, for their valuable comments.

REFERENCES

1. Pai, S.I. .. ViscousFlow Theory, 1, Ltlminar Flow. Van Nostrand Co.,

New York, 1956, p. 50.
2. Lamb, H. .. Hydrodynamics, Cambridge University Press, 200, Euston
Road, London, N.W. 1.
3. Goldstein, S. .. Modern Developments in Fhdd Dynamics, Oxford, Clarendon
Pr~ss, 1957.
4. Schlichting, N. .. Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1955.