08। AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv Gi AsK ‡gv: kvn Rvgvj

mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )

(Math Solution Introduction to Modern Physics)
we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR ‡ZRMuvI, XvKv
‡dvb: +8801670856105, +88029125630, +88029115369

1| 5 gm f‡ii mgZzj¨ kw³ wbY©q Ki|

Avgiv Rvwb, 4| f~-c„‡ô GKwU i‡K‡Ui ˆ`N©¨ 100m| i‡KUwU f~-c„‡ôi ‡Kvb GK w¯’i
E = mc2 GLv‡b, ch©‡eÿ‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿ Pj‡Z _vK‡j GwUi ˆ`N©©¨ 99.5m g‡b nq| i‡KUwUi
fi, m = 5gm = 5×10-3 kg MwZ‡eM wbY©q Ki| GLv‡b,
⇒E = 5×10-3×(3×108)2
Av‡jvi †eM, c = 3×108 ms-1 Avgiv Rvwb, f~-c„‡ô i‡K‡Ui ˆ`N©¨, Lo=100m
14
⇒E = 4.5×10 J kw³, E = ?  w¯’i ch©‡e¶‡Ki mv‡c‡¶
v2
14 L  Lo 1  i‡K‡Ui ˆ`N©¨, L = 99.5
4.5  10 c2
E eV Av‡jvi †eM, C=3×108 ms-1
1.6  10 19 v2 i‡K‡Ui †eM, v = ?
 99.5  100 1 
 E  2.8  10 33 eV (Ans.) (3 108 ) 2
99.5 v2
2| †Kvb GKwU e¯‘ KYvi †gvU kw³ Gi w¯’Zve¯’vi kw³i wظb|   1

al
e¯‘wUi `ªæwZ KZ? 100 (3 108 ) 2
Avgiv Rvwb, v2

m
 (0.995) 2  1 
E  2E 0 (3  10 8 ) 2

Ja
 mc 2  2m 0 c 2 v2
  1  0.990025
m0c2 (3  10 8 ) 2
  2m 0 c 2  v 2  0.009975  9  10 16
2
v


1 2

1
c
2
ah
 v  2.996  107 ms -1 (Ans.)

5| 1.6×106eV MwZkw³ m¤úbœ B‡jKUª‡bi fi KZ?

Sh
v 2
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
1 fi, m = ?
c2 K=( m m0 ) c2
Av‡jvi †eM, c = 3×108 ms-1
 c2  v2  K
 m  2  mo MwZkw³, K =1.6×106eV
©

 4   1 c
 c
2
 =1.6×106×1.6×10-19 J
13
2.5610 =2.56×10-13 J
 4c  4 v  c 2
2 2
m  9.11031
ht

mo = 9.1×10-31Kg
 4v 2  3c 2 
3 108
2
 B‡jKUª‡bi fi , m=?
3  m  3.75  10 30 Kg (Ans.)
ig

 v2  c2
4
yr

3 6| GKwU e¯‘KYv 0.5c †e‡M MwZkxj Av‡Q| e¯‘wUi w¯’i Ae¯’vq fi Ges
v  c MwZkxj Ae¯’vq f‡ii AbycvZ †ei Ki|
4
op

Avgiv Rvwb,
 v  0.866  3  108 GLv‡b,
mo
 v  2.6  108 ms-1 (Ans.) m e¯‘ KYvi †eM, v =0.5 c
v2
C

1 m0
3| 1 amu f‡ii mgZyj¨ kw³ eV GK‡K I MeV GK‡K wbY©q c2 ?
m
Ki| mo v2
Avgiv Rvwb,   1 2
m c
E = mc2
mo (0.5c) 2
⇒E=1.66057×10-27(3×108)2 J GLv‡b,   1
m = 1 amu m c2
1.494513  10 10
E eV = 1.66057×10-27 Kg mo 0.25c 2
1.6 10 19 Av‡jvi †eM,C=3×108 ms-1   1
 E  934.07  10 6 eV (Ans.) m c2
kw³, E = ?
 E  934.07MeV (Ans.) m
 o  0.75
m
m
 o  0.866 (Ans.)
m
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com
 08। AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv Gi AsK (Math Solution Introduction to Modern Physics) 2

7| 1.4 ×105eV MwZ kw³ m¤úbœ B‡jKUª‡bi fi I `ªæwZ †ei 9| GKwU †gmb KYvi Mo Avqy 3×10 - 8 s| hw` KYvwU 0.85c †e‡M
Ki| GLv‡b, P‡j Z‡e Gi Mo Avqy †ei Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, MwZkw³, K=1.4×105eV t0 GLv‡b,
K = (mm0) c 2
=1.4×105 × 1.6× 10 -19J t
v 2 ‡eM, v = 0.85c
 2.24×10 -14=(m9.1×10 -3 1) =2.24×10-14 J 1 2 mgq, t0 = 3×10-8 c
× (3×10 ) 8 2 wbðj fi, m0 = 9.1×10 -3 1 kg c
Av‡jvi †eM, C=3×108ms-1 mgq, t = ?
2.24  10 14 8
3  10
 m  9.1  10 31  B‡jKUª‡bi fi, m =? t
(3  108 ) 2
 m  9.1 10  2.488  1031
31 B‡jKUª‡bi ‡eM, v =? (0.85c) 2
1
 m  2.4881031  9.11031Kg c2
 m  11.5810 31 Kg (Ans.) 3  10 8
t
Avevi, 1  0.85 2
mo
m  t  5.69  10 8 s (Ans.)
1  v2 / c2

al
v2 m2 10| GKwU i‡KU KZ `ªæwZ‡Z Pj‡j Gi Pjgvb ˆ`N©¨ wbðj ˆ`‡N©¨i A‡a©K
 1  2  o2

m
c m n‡e?
v2 m 2o Avgiv Rvwb,
  1 

Ja
c2 m2 v2
L  Lo 1 
2
c2 GLv‡b, awi
v2  9.1  10 31 
  1   
31  wbðj ˆ`N©¨, L0 = x
(3  10 8 ) 2  11.58  10  L v2


v2
9 1016
 1  0.6175


x
ah
Lo
 1 2
c
v2
 Pjgvb ˆ`N©¨, L =
x
2

Sh
  1 2 i‡K‡Ui `ªæwZ, v = ?
 v 2  0.3825  9 1016 2 x c
 v  1.85  108 ms 1 (Ans.) 1 v2
  1 2
4 c
©

8| 25 eQi eq‡mi GRb gnvk~b¨Pvix gnvKvkhv‡b 1.8×108ms-1 1 v2

†e‡M P‡j 30 eQi c‡i wd‡i G‡jb| Zvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ|  1   2
4 c
Avgiv Rvwb,
ht

GLv‡b, 1- 4 v2
t0 ‡eM, v = 1.8×108ms-1   2
t 4 c
ig

mgq, t = 30Years
v2 -3 v 2
1 Av‡jvi †eM, v =3×108ms-1   2
c2
yr

4 c
t0 3c 2
 30   v2 
op

(1.8  10 8 ) 2 4
1
(3  10 8 ) 2 3 c
v
C

t0 2
 30  1.732  3  108
0. 8 v
2
 t 0  24Years
 v  2.6 10 8 ms 1 ( Ans.)
myZvivs H e¨w³i eZ©gvb eqm =(25+24) eQi = 49 eQi
(Ans.)

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com
 08। AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv Gi AsK (Math Solution Introduction to Modern Physics) 3
15| †Kvb GKwU avZz n‡Z B‡jKUªb gy³ Ki‡Z 2.20eV kw³i cÖ‡qvRb|
11| 6630×10-10m Zi½ ˆ`‡N©i ‡dvU‡bi kw³ (MwZ kw³) wbY©q H avZyi Dci 6800Å Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jv cwZZ n‡j †Kvb B‡jKUÖb gy³
Ki| [h = 6.63×10-34 J-s Ges c = 3×108 ms-1 ] n‡e wK?
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, Avgiv Rvwb,
cøv¼ aªæe, h = 6.63×10-34 J-s
hc hc
E  h  E  Av‡jvi `ªæwZ, c = 3×108 ms-1 E  hf  GLv‡b,
λ = 6630×10-10 m λ h = 6.63×10-34 J-s
6.6310  3108
34
kw³, E = ? 
E
6.63  10 -34  3  108
J  6800Å 
E
66301010 6800  10 -10 = 6800×10-10 m
E  31019 J (Ans.)  E  2.925 10 19 J c = 3×108 m
2.925  10 19
E eV
12| †mvwWqv‡gi m~Pb Zi½‰`N©¨ 6800Å| Gi Kvh©v‡cÿK KZ? 1.6  10 19
Avgiv Rvwb,  E  1.828 eV
hc GLv‡b, ‡h‡nZz avZzi Dci 6800Å Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jv co‡j 1.828eV kw³
  hf o  Drcbœ nq Ges B‡jKUªb gy³ Ki‡Z 2.20eV kw³i Av‡jv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j
λ cøv¼ aªæe,
D³ Av‡jv co‡j †Kvb B‡jKUªb gy³ n‡e bv|

al
34
6.63  10  3  10 8 h = 6.63×10-34 J-s
 Av‡jvi `ªæwZ,
6800  10 10

m
c = 3×108 ms-1 16| GKwU †dvU‡bi kw³ 1.77 eV. †dvUbwUi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
   2.9251019 J m~Pb Zi½‰`N©¨, Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
2.925  10 19

Ja
 6800Å=6800×10-10m 
 ev E E = 1.77eV
1.6  10 19 Kvh©v‡c¶K,  = ?  E  hf  f   = 1.77×1.6×10-19 J
   1.828125 ev (Ans.) h
h 6.626×10-34 J-s 
Avevi, C = f

ah
Zi½ ˆ`N©¨, 
13| 4×1015 Hz K¤úbv‡¼i wewKiY †KvY avZe c„‡ô AvcwZZ Eλ Ch C = 3×108 ms-1
C λ 
n‡j m‡e©v”P 3.6×10-19 J kw³ m¤úbœ B‡jKUªb wbM©Z nq| H h E
Sh
avZzi m~Pb K¤úv¼ KZ? GLv‡b, 3  10  6.626  10 -34
8

Avgiv Rvwb, f= 4×1015 Hz λ m

h = 6.63×10 J-s -34 1.77  1.6  10 -19
hf    K max  = 7.019×10-7 m = 7019 Å (Ans.)
K max  3.6  10 19 J
©

 hf  hf o  K max
 hf o  hf  K max 17| GKwU H2 cigvYy 1.5 eV kw³ Ae¯’v †_‡K 3.4 eV kw³
Ae¯’vq Avm‡j †h †dvUb wbtmiY K‡i Zvi K¤úv¼ KZ?
ht

hf  K max Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,

 fo 
h hf  E1  E 2 cÖ_g K‡¶i kw³, E1 = 1.5 eV
ig

6.63 10 34  4 1015  3.6 10 19 E  E2 wØZxq K‡¶i kw³, E2 = 3.4 eV
 fo  Hz f  1 K¤úv¼, f = 
yr

6.63 10 34 h

 f o  3.457  1015 Hz (Ans.) (1.5  3.4)  1.6  10 19
op

f  Hz
6.63  10 34
14| †Kvb c`v‡_© Kvh©v‡cÿK 1.85eV n‡j H c`v‡_©i m~Pb
K¤úv¼ KZ?  f  4.58  1014 Hz (Ans.)
C

GLv‡b, 18| GKwU 100 MeV †dvU‡bi K¤úv¼ Ges Zi½‰`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, Kvh© A‡c¶K, Avgiv Rvwb,
  f0h   1.85eV GLv‡b,
E  hf
 = 1.85×1.6×10-19 J kw³, E = 100 MeV
 f0  h = 6.63×10-34 J-s E
f  = 100×106 eV
h c`v‡_©i m~Pb K¤úv¼, f0 =? h = 100×106×1.6×10-19 J
1.851.610-19 100  106  1.6 10 -19 K¤úv¼, f = 
 fo  Hz f  Hz
6.6310 -34 6.63  10 34 Zi½ ˆ`N©¨, =?
 f o  4 . 46  10 14 Hz (Ans.)  f  2.41 10 22 Hz (Ans.)
Avevi, C  f
C 3 108
 
f 2.4110 22
   1.24  1014 m (Ans.)
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com
 08। AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv Gi AsK (Math Solution Introduction to Modern Physics) 4

19| †Kvb †dvU‡bi Zi½‰`N©¨ 4×10-7m| Gi ˆiwLK fi‡eM KZ? 20| †mvwWqv‡gi Kvh©v‡cÿK 2.3eV| Gi Dci 2000Å Zi½ˆ`‡N©¨i
Avgiv Rvwb, Av‡jvKiwk¥ co‡j B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ KZ n‡e?
h GLv‡b, Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
p Zi½ ‰`N©¨,  = 4×10-7m Kvh©v‡c¶K,  = 2.3eV
 hf    K max =2.3×1.6×10 -19J
34 fi ‡eM p = ?
6.63 10  K max  hf   Zi½ˆ`N©¨,  =2000Å
p
4 10 7 c =2000×10 m -10

 K max  h  MwZkw³, K=?

 p  1.66  10 27 kgms 1 (Ans.) 
6.63  10 34  3  108
 K max  10
 2.3  1.6  10 19
2000  10
 K max  9.945  10 19  3.68  10 19
 K max  6.265  10 19 J
6.265  10 19

al
 K max  eV
1.6  10 19

m
 K max  3.92eV (Ans.)

Ja
ah
Sh
©
ht
ig
yr
op
C

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com
 ‡gv: kvn Rvgvj
09| cigvYyর মেডল ও িনউি য়ার পদাথিব ান Gi AsK mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )
(Math Solution Of Atomic Model and Nuclear Physics) we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR ‡ZRMuvI, XvKv
‡dvb: +8801670856105, +88029125630, +88029115369

1| GKwU †ZRw¯Œq †gŠwjK c`v‡_©i Aa©vqy 4d | c`v_©wUi ÿq 4| †iW‡bi Aa©vqy 3.82 w`b| †iW‡bi †ZRw¯Œq aªæe‡Ki gvb KZ Ges
aªyeK wbY©q Ki|
1
Avgiv Rvwb, KZ w`b ci †iW‡bi cÖviw¤¢K gv‡bi Ask AcwiewZ©©Z _vK‡e?
GLv‡b, 20
0.693
T1  Aa©vqy , T1 = 4d Avgiv Rvwb,
2 λ 2

0.693 ¶q aªyeK,  0.693

λ T1 
2 λ GLv‡b,
T1
2 0.693 Aa©vqy T1 = 3.82 w`b
0.693  3 . 82  2

λ  1
Ask AcwiewZ©
Z _vK‡Z mgq t =?
20
4d 0.693
 λ 
 λ  0.17325 d -1 (Ans.) 3.82 w`b
   0.1814 / w`b

al
2| ‡iwWqv‡gi Mo Avqy 2341 ermi| Gi Aeÿq aªæe‡Ki gvb g‡bKwi, †iW‡bi cÖviw¤¢K cwigvb No Ges t w`b ci †iW‡bi

m
wbY©q Ki| N
cwigvb N  o
Avgiv Rvwb, 20

Ja
1 GLv‡b, Avevi, N  N o e  λt

 Mo Avqy, =2341ermi No
1   N o e λt
Ae¶q aªeyK,  20

ah

2341 ermi  0.05  e  λt
   4.27  10 4 ermi -1 (Ans.)  l n 0.05   λt
Sh
  2 . 99573   0 . 1814 t
3| GK LÛ †iW‡bi 60% ÿq n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? †iW‡bi 2.99573
t
Aa©vqy 3.82 w`b| GLv‡b, 0.1814
©

Avgiv Rvwb, Aa©vqy, T1 = 3.82 w`b  t  16.52 w`b (ns.

2
0.693 60 % ÿq n‡Z
T1 
ht

2 λ A_©vr (100-60)%=40% 5| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb civgvbyi 3q Kÿ c‡_i e¨vmva© I kw³ wbY©q Ki| GLv‡b,
0.693 Aewkó _vK‡Z mgq, t =? h=6.63×10-34Js, B‡jKUª‡bi fi = 9.1×10-31kg Ges B‡jKUª‡bi
 λ 
ig

T1 PvR© =1.6×10-19 C GLv‡b,

2

0.693 Avgiv Rvwb, h =6.63×10-34Js

yr

 λ  2 2
3.82 w`b n h o fi m =9.1×10-31kg
rn 
PvR© e =1.6×10-19 C
op

2
   0.1814 / w`b πme
g‡bKwi, †iW‡bi cÖviw¤¢K cwigvb No Ges t w`b ci †iW‡bi 32 (6.6310-34 )2 8.8541012 0 = 8.854×10-12C2N-1m-2
 r3 
cwigvb N, 3.14 9.11031(1.610-19 )2
C

o
N 0  40  r3  4.79  10 10 m  4.79 A (Ans.)
N
100 Avevi,
Avevi, N  N o e  λt me 4
En  
N o  40 8n 2 h 2 20
  N o e λt
100 9.1  10 31  (1.6  10 19 ) 4
 En  
 0.4  e  λt 8  3  (6.63  10 34 ) 2 (8.854  10 12 ) 2
2

 ln 0.4   λt  E n  2.4  10 19 J

 0.916290731  0.1814 t 2.4  10 19
0.916290731  En   eV  1.5eV ( Ans.)
t 1.6  10 19
0.1814
 t  5.05 w`b (Ans.)
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com
 cigvYyর মেডল ও িনউি য়ার পদাথিব ান Gi AsK (Math Solution Of Atomic Model and Newclear Physics) 2

6| BD‡iwbqv‡gi Aa©vqy 45×108 eQi| Gi Mo Avqy wbb©q Ki|

Avgiv Rvwb, 7| GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy -15 eV kw³ Ae¯’v †_‡K -3.4 eV Ae¯’vq
GLv‡b, Avm‡j †h ‡dvUb wbtmiY nq Zvi K¤úv¼ KZ n‡e?
0.693 GLv‡b,
T1  Aa©vqy, T1 =45×108 eQi
2 λ wbgœ kw³ ¯Íi El = -3.4eV
2
Avgiv Rvwb,
0.693 Mo Avqy, =? = -3.4×1.6×10-19J
  hf =Eu  El D”P kw³ ¯Íi Eu = -1.5eV
T1 E u - El = -1.5×1.6×10-19J
2
f 
0.693 h K¤úv¼, f =?
   1.54 10 10
45 10 8 - 1.5  1.6 10 -19 - (-3.4  1.6 10 -19 )
f  Hz
1 6.63  10 34
Avevi,  
  f  4.59  1014 Hz (Ans.)
1
 
1 . 54  10 10

al
   6.49  10 9 eQi (Ans.)

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Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Phone No. 9125630, 9115369, 01670 856105, sjamal59@gmail.com
http://teachingbd.com