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NIM: 1613021042
KELAS: III/ B
CHAPTER 1
Miscellaneous Problems
1. Explain in your words what is meant by term “relativity”. Are there different
theories of relativity?
2. Does the Michelson-Morley experiment shows that the ether does not exist or
that it is merely unnecessary?
3. Explain in your own words the terms time dilation and length contraction.
4. How fast must an object move before its length is contracted to one-halt its
proper length.
5. The proper life time of a certain particle is 100 ns.
(1) How long does it live in the laboratory if it moves a v= 0.96c?,
(2) How far does it travel in the laboratory during the time, and
(3) How far does it travel in its own frame reference?
6. Several spacecraft leave a space station at the same time. Relative to an
observer on the station, A travel at 0.60c in the x direction, B at 0.50c in the y
direction, c at 0.50c in the negative x direction, and D at 0.50c at 450 between
the y and negative x direction. Find the velocity components, direction, and
speed of B, C, and D as observer from A.
7. An electron and a proton are each accelerated through a potential difference
of 10.0 million volts. Find the momentum (in MeV/c) and the kinetic energy (in
MeV/c) of each, and compare with the result of using the classical formulas.
8. Prove that the relativistic expression p 2 / 2 K mo K / 2c 2
9. Find the kinetic energy of an electron moving at speed of
(a) v=1.00x10-4c; (b) v=1.00x10-2c; (c) v=0.300c; (d) v=0.999c.
10. A helium nucleus (alpha particle) contains two proton and two neutrons and
has a mass of 4.001506u. (a) What is the binding energy of a helium nucleus?
(b) What is the mass difference in kg between a helium nucleus and its
constituents?
Pertanyaan :
JAWABAN:
1. Relativitas merupakan suatu kejadian-kejadian fisika dengan subjek yang
penting berkaitan dengan pengukuran (pengamatan) tentang di mana dan
kapan suatu kejadian terjadi dan bagaimana kejadian tersebut dianalisa
(diukur) menurut suatu kerangka acuan yang bergerak relatif terhadap
kerangka yang lain.
Ada, yaitu Teori Relativitas Umum, Khusus dan Postulat Einstein :
a. Teori Relativitas Khusus : bertolak dari kerangka acuan inersial.
Dimana kerangka acuan yang inersial, yaitu kerangka acuan yang
berlaku pada hukum gerak Newton.
b. Teori Relativitas Umum : bertolak dari kerangka acuan yang bergerak
dipercepat relatif terhadap acuan lain dan bersifat lebih rumit karena
dimana kerangka acuannya mengalami percepatan gravitasi.
Postulat Einstein dalam teori relativitas khusus, yaitu:
1. Hukum-hukum fisika memiliki bentuk yang sama pada semua kerangka
acuan inersial.
2. Kelajuan cahaya di ruang hampa ke segala arah yaitu sama untuk semua
pengamat, tidak tergantung pada gerak sumber cahaya maupun
pengamat dan dalam semua kerangka acuan yang inersial.
v2 (0,96) 2 1
a) 1 1 0,60
c 2 8 2
(3x10 )
b) 𝑠 = 𝑣. 𝑡
= 0,96𝑐. 100𝑛𝑠
= 96 𝑚
Jadi : L= (96)(0.60 ) = 57,60 m = 58 m
c) L= (962)(0.60 ) = 5,5 m
6. Dalam hal ini diperlukan titik koordinat dan menggunakan transformasi
lorenz :
x ut
x'
u2
1 2
c
y' y
z' z
u
t ( )x
t' c2
u2
1 2
c
v 1
Maka : v 0.60c , 0.60 ; 1.25
c v2
1 2
c
Ditanya : a) P = ?
b) Ek = ?
Hitungan :
vy
a) v y
v2
1
c2
v2
= m0 v y m 1 ( v y )
c2
mo
= mo
v2
1 2
c
mo v
P
v2
1 2
c
(1,67.10 27 )(10,0)
(10,0) 2
1
(3.10 8 ) 2
1,67.10 28
1
1,67.10 28 MeV / c
dP
b. Ek Fdx dx
dt
dv dm
= (m v )dx
dt dt
mo mo
= [( )dv vd( )]dv
1 v / c
2 2
1 v2 / c2
v
= mo (1 v 2 / c 2 ) 3 / 2 vdv
0
mo c 2
Ek mo c 2
2
v
1
c2
Ek mc 2 mo c 2
E k E Eo
Ek mc 2
E k 5.1019 MeV / c
mo
m
v2
1
c2
m2 m2 v 2 / c 2 mo
2
m2 p 2 / c 2 mo
2
E 2 p 2 c 2 Eo
2
E 2 p 2 c 2 Eo
2
p 2 c 2 E 2 Eo
2
( Ek Eo ) 2 E0
2
( Ek 2Ek E0 E o ) Eo
2 2 2
p ( Ek ) 2 2( Ek )(mo c 2 ) / c
p 2 / 2 K mo K / 2c 2
9. Diketahui :
(a) v = 1.00x10-4c;
(b) v = 1.00x10-2c;
(c) v = 0.300c;
(d) v = 0.999c.
Ditanya : Ek = ?
Hitungan :
mo 9,1x10 31 kg
a) m 10 17 kg
4 2
v 2
1 (1.10 ) /(3.10 ) 8 2
1
c2
mo 9,1x10 31 kg
b) m 8,1.10 14 kg
2 2
v 2
1 (1.10 ) /(3.10 ) 8 2
1
c2
Jadi : Ek (m m )c 2 = 7,2 J
mo 9,1x10 31 kg
c) m 9.10 46 kg
v 2
1 (0,300) /(3.10 )
2 8 2
1
c2
mo 9,1x10 31 kg
d) m 4,1.10 12 kg
v 2
1 (0,99) /(3.10 )
2 8 2
1
c2
Jadi : Ek (m m )c 2 = 1,2.10 3 J
Ditanya :