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RECTILINEAR
MOTION
PROBLEMS
1. The velocity of a particle which moves along the
s-axis is given by s 40 3t 2 m/s, where t is in seconds.
Calculate the displacement Ds of the particle during
the interval from t = 2 s to t = 4 s. (2/6)
SOLUTION
s 40 3t 2 displacement Ds from t = 2 s to t = 4 s.
ds
s v 40 3t 2
, v , ds vdt
dt
40 3t dt
s t 4
ds
2
0 t 2
4
3 t 3
s 40 t 40 (4) 43 40 (2) 23
3
2
160 64 80 8 24 m
Ds 24 m
2. In the pinewood-derby event shown, the car is
released from rest at the starting position A and
then rolls down the incline and onto the finish line
C. If the constant acceleration down the incline is
2.75 m/s2 and the speed from B to C is essentially
constant, determine the time duration tAC for the
race. The effects of the small transition area at B
can be neglected. (2/14)
SOLUTION
time duration tAC for the race
A B a AB cst 2.75 m / s 2 , vA 0
1
s AB s A v At AB a ABt AB 2
2
1 1
s AB a ABt AB 2 3 (2.75 )t AB 2 , t AB 1.477 s
2 2
vB 3
v B2 3
vdv ads , vdv 2.75 ds , 2.75 s 0
, v B2 2(2.75 )(3) 16 .5
0 0 2
v B 4.06 m / s ,
B C a BC 0 , v B vC
1
s BC s B v B t BC a BC t BC 2
2
4 4.06 t BC , t BC 0.985 s
1.375
1.250
v
s s 0 v0 t x, m
0.97
0 1.25 3t
0.5
t s 0 0.417 s
0 t, s
ttotal0.5 0.4170.917 s 1 1.5 1.75 2
-1.25
-2
4. A sprinter reaches his maximum speed vmax in 2.5
seconds from rest with constant acceleration. He
then maintains that speed and finishes the 100
meters in the overall time of 10.40 seconds.
Determine his maximum speed vmax. (2/32)
t = 10.40 s
SOLUTION v0=0, a=cst, vmax in 2.5 s, then a=0, stotal=100 m, ttotal=10.40 s, vmax=?
first 2.5 s
vmax v 0 at 2.5a
s s 0 v 0t 1 at 2 1 a(2.5) 2 3.125 a
2 2
last 7.9 s
vmax 10 .93 m / s
5. The cone falling with a speed v0 strikes and penetrates
the block of packing materials. The acceleration of the cone
after impact is a = g – cy2, where c is a positive constant and
y is the penetration distance. If the maximum penetration
depth is observed to be ym, determine the constant c. (2/45)
SOLUTION
vinitial v0 , a g cy 2 f ( y ) ,
v final 0 , ymax ym , c ?
vdv ady
g cy dy
0 ym
vdv
2
v0 0
3 3
1 2 cym 2 cy
v0 gym , v02 m
2 gym
2 3 3
3 2 6 3 v02 2 gym
3
cym v0 gym , c
2 2 2 3
ym
6. A test projectile is fired horizontally into a viscous
liquid with a velocity v0. The retarding force is
proportional to the square of the velocity, so that the
acceleration becomes a = -kv2. Derive expressions for the
distance D traveled in the liquid and the corresponding
time t required to reduce the velocity to v0 /2. Neglect
any vertical motion. (2/54)
SOLUTION
vinitial =v0 , a = -kv2 , derive expressions for the distance D traveled in the liquid and the
corresponding time t required to reduce the velocity to v0 /2.
vdv adx , a f (v )
v0 / 2 D
vdv dv
kv 2
dx ,
v0
v
k dx
0
v0 / 2 1
ln ln 0.693 kD
v0 2
0.693
D
k
SOLUTION
vinitial =v0 , a = -kv2 , derive expressions for the distance D traveled in the liquid and the
corresponding time t required to reduce the velocity to v0 /2.
dv dv
a , a f (v ) , dt
dt a
v0 / 2 t
dv 2
dt , v dv k dt
kv 2
v0 0
v0 / 2
1
v 2 1 1
kt , kt
1 v0 v0 v0
v0
1
t
kv0
7. A bumper, consisting of a nest of three springs, is used to
arrest the horizontal motion of a large mass which is traveling
at 40 m/s as it contacts the bumper. The two outer springs
cause a deceleration proportional to the spring deformation.
The center spring increases
the deceleration rate when
the compression exceeds 0.5
m as shown on the graph.
Determine the maximum
compression x of the outer
springs. (2/55)
SOLUTION v0=40 m/s , maximum compression x of the outer springs
0 x
z
2000
, z
2000
x 0.5
x 0.5 0.5 0.5
z 2000
x
SOLUTION
v0=40 m/s , maximum compression x of the outer springs
0 x
1
40 1000(0.5)
2 1 1 2000
( x 0.5)( x 0.5) 1000( x 0.5)
2 2 2 0.5
1600 2 250 2000( x 0.5) 2 1000( x 0.5)
1600 500 4000x 2 x 0.25 2000 x 1000
4000x 2 4000x 1000
v f (t ) a bt ct 2 dt 3
initial and final conditions give the constants
v0 0 at t 0 a0
dv
a b 2ct 3dt 2 0 (at t 0 , t 15 s ) b0
dt
then, 2ct 3dt 2 0
2c(15) 3d (15) 2 0
30c 675d 0 , 130
675d
c c 22.5d
30
SOLUTION
vt 15 130 km / h 36 .11 m / s ct 2 dt 3
c(15 ) 2 d (15 ) 3 225 c 3375 d
36 .11 225 (22 .5d ) 3375 d 1687 .5d
5062.5d
130
d 0.0214 m / s 4 , c 0.481 m / s 3
v f (t ) 0.481t 2 0.0214 t 3
dv
a f (t ) 2(0.481)t 3(0.0214 )t 2 0.963 t 0.0642 t 2
dt
the distance the train travels in the first and last 15 seconds
s 15
ds
v f (t ) ds 0.481t 2 0.0214 t 3 dt ,
dt 0 0
15
3 4
0.481t 0.0214 t
s 271 m
3 4
0
SOLUTION
when the speed is constant, the train travels 3200 – 2(271)=2658 m
1 2
s s 0 v0t a t , 2658 36 .11t , t 73 .61 s
2
total run time
Maximum acceleration
da
a f (t ) 0.963 t 0.0642 t 2
0
dt
da
0.963 2(0.0642 )t 0 , t 7.5 s
dt
amax,t 7.5 0.963 (7.5) 0.0642 (7.5) 2 3.61 m / s 2