Mahi Tyagi

Roll No. 66
U18MB321
133 batch

PSM ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the criteria for fast breathing in children?

Ans. Fast breathing is present when the respiratory rate is:
• 60 breaths/ min or more in child less than 2 months of age
• 50 breaths/min or more in child aged 2 months upto 12 months
• 40 breaths/min or more in child aged 12 months upto 5 yrs
2. What is chest indrawing? What is its significance?
Ans. Chest indrawing is the inward movement of the lower chest wall when the
child breathes in, and is a sign of respiratory distress. Chest indrawing does not
refer to the inward movement of the soft tissue between the ribs. Stridor is a harsh
noise heard when a sick child breathes in.
3. What are the common respiratory infection in children?
Ans. Upper Respiratory Infections: Common Cold, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis,
Epiglottitis and Laryngotracheitis.
Lower Respiratory Infections: Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia.

4. How do you classify and manage the ARI in an under five child as per
IMNCI?
Signs Chest indrawing No chest indrawing & No chest indrawing &
(if also recurrent fast breathing (50/min no fast breathing ( <
wheezing, go or more if child 2 50/min if child 2
directly to treat months upto 12 months upto 12
wheezing) months; 40/min or months, < 40/min if
more if child 12 child is 12 months
months upto 5 yrs ) upto 5 yrs )
Classification Severe pneumonia Pneumonia No pneumonia: cough
or cold
Treatment Refer urgently to Advise mother to give If coughing more than
hospital. Give 1st home care. Give an 30 days, refer for
dose of antibiotics. antibiotic. assessment.
Treat fever, if Treat fever, if present. Assess & treat ear
present. Treat Treat wheezing, if problem or sore
 wheezing, if present. Advice mother throat, if present.
present (if referral to return with child in Assess & treat other
is not feasible, 2 days for problems. Advise
treat with an reassessment, or mother to give home
antibiotic and earlier if the child is care. Treat fever, if
follow closely) getting worse. present. Treat
wheezing, if present.

5. What is the criteria for overcrowding?

Ans. One room- 2 persons
• Two rooms- 3 persons
• Three rooms- 5 persons
• Four rooms- 7 persons
• Five rooms- 10 persons
• More than five rooms- Add 2 persons to two for each additional room after five
rooms
Area (in sq. ft) No. of persons
110 or more 2 persons
90 to 110 1.5 persons
70 to 90 1 person
50 to 70 0.5 persons

6. What could be the sources of indoor air pollution in the house?

Ans. Combustion of solid fuels indoor, cooking, tobacco smoking, emission from
construction materials, furnishing, improper maintenance of ventilation and air
conditioning system.
7. What is SAANS campaign?
Ans. Madhya Pradesh launched ‘SAANS' campaign to reduce infant mortality. The
health department in Madhya Pradesh has launched the Social Awareness and
Action to Neutralise Pneumonia Successfully ('SAANS') campaign with the aim of
reducing infant mortality due to pneumonia, which contributes to around 15% of
deaths deaths of children under 5 annually.
Key Features include:
• To mobilise people to protect children from pneumonia, and train health
professionals and stakeholders to prioritise treatment.
• A child suffering from pneumonia will be treated with a pre-referral dose of
amoxicillin by Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers
• Pulse Oximeter will be used at Health and Wellness Centres for identification
of low blood oxygen in child’s blood and if required, can be treated with
oxygen cylinders
• Mass Awareness Campaigns launched about the effective solutions of
pneumonia prevention like breastfeeding, immunisation etc

2
 8. Name the vaccines given in National Immunization Schedule which
prevents pneumonia in children.
Ans. 1. Measles vaccine
2. HIB vaccine- against Hemophilis influenza
3. Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine- PPV23, PCV
9. What are the danger signs as per IMNCI?
Ans. IMNCI aims to reduce death, illness and disability, and to promote improved
growth and development among children under five years of age.
The IMNCI strategy addresses the major causes of under-five morbidity and
mortality which are responsible for more than 90% of the mortality, namely
pneumonia, neonatal problems, diarrhoea, malaria, measles and malnutrition.
All children aged two months up to five years should be checked first for the five
general danger signs:
• inability to drink or breastfeed,
• vomiting everything,
• history of convulsions during the current illness,
• lethargy or unconsciousness and
• convulsions
10. Dosage, site, route, Timing, adverse effects of BCG and MR vaccine.
Ans. BCG: Dosage- 0.1mg in 1 ml
Site: left upper arm
Route: intradermally, timing: after 12 months
ADR: fever, headache, swollen glands, sore injection site.
MR: Dosage: 0.5 ml
Site: Antwerp lateral aspect of thigh
Route: Subcutaneous, timing: after 12 months
ADR: sore arm from shot, fever, mild rash, temporary pain and stiffness in
joints.