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  • Gen Bio Cellular Respiration

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    Casey Pedraya
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    GEN-BIO-CELLULAR-RESPIRATION

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    8 views13 pages

    Gen Bio Cellular Respiration

    Uploaded by

    Casey Pedraya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13
    poe ama Youhave reid hat nearly al ofthe ney incellular respiration mek wed by living el comes to them (lyons cgi etothe bate ee aR oeeatcundcaae ooeoPbe ere e aTe prokaryotic and eub Poti cells. Glucose enters cytoplasm of both sways: One method is through, secondary acti reterotrophic cells in two transport takes place against the ‘Blucose conce ot transport in which the mechanism uses a group of i ntrat also known as z facilitated diffusion of glucose, These transporters, {ntaabeow EEF STEER, ly The second pr of gyoly oars thereduced form of NAD, and NADH, First Half of Glycolysis (Gnergy-Requiring Steps) Stepl. The frst step in glyolysis Figure 72) is catalyzed by hexoki sect eek, carbon sugars. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose using ATs the source ofthe phosphate, producing glucose-6-phosphate, amore restive fog of glucose. This reaction prevents the phosphorylated glucose moleule ffom continuing o interact withthe GLUT proteins and itcannolonger leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will notallowitto ATP moleies inte phasphoyioten of hucose,whehis then pitino ono, «ross the hydrophobic interior ofthe plasma membrane, thveecerton meleaies @ ® @ whofe Begs whofe 7 HOF” nyse phosphate a Sheers reseisptestae * ieoHg oucose Glucresorphte cmeesromnan mcretestemaae FOP Si Cellar Respiration 163 $$$ 166 chapter? ies into one of its isomers, fructose-6- phosphate, An Step cose-6-phosphate i “The thd step isthe phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, tuayzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule fonatesa high-energy phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, producing fructose. 1,6-bisphosphate, In this pathway, phosphofructokinase is a rate-limiting enzyme. Its active when the concentration of ADP is high; itis less active when ADP levels are low and the concentration of ATP is high. Thus if there is “sufficient” ATP in the system, the pathway slows ia type of end product inhibition, since ATP is the end product Step 3. down. This ‘of glucose catabolism. ‘Step 4. The nevly added high-energy phosphates Further destabilize fruc- tose-1,6-bisphosphate, The fourth step in glycolysis employs an enzyme, aldolase, to cleave 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon isomers: dihy-

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