awalnya mengusulkan istilah Indunesia dan Malayunesia untuk penduduk pulauan Hindia

atau Kepulauan
erdasarkan SK menteri PP dan K nomor69626/a/s nama Arsip Negara berganti menjadi
Arsip Nasional. Perubahan ini berlaku surut semenjak 1 Januari 1959.
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing,
for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and
condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s,
however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that
Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and
his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife,
Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal
residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a
recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth,
although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The
separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana
further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated
and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997,
especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at
half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing
the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-
traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success.
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
istilah Kobunsjokan yang ditempatkan dibawah Bunkyokyoku. Sebagaimana pegawai-
pegawai Belanda lainnya,
Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s
blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions
of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The adulation
bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not
altogether a spontaneous effusion. It was the result of a carefully crafted,
brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the
glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This political symbolism, common to
monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere
figurehead. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers
dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set
the central policies of both state and church. The latter half of the 16th century
in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of
a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp.
Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany—died April 18,
1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist who developed the special
and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for
his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the
most influential physicist of the 20th century.
In the 1980s and early ’90s the Indonesian Democratic Party rapidly expanded its
vote share by appealing to voters frustrated by apparent inequalities in
Indonesia’s social and economic structure. Because the party blamed the country’s
social ills on the governing regime, Suharto attempted to undermine it. When the
party selected Megawati as its leader, the government engineered her removal with
the aid of a faction opposed to her. Her dismissal precipitated mass protests and
violence in Jakarta, and Megawati and her supporters eventually established a new
political party, the PDI-P, to challenge the government.
Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a
serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional
and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept
racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud
farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the
world’s richest women.
blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in
Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle.
mengembangkan SDM di bidang kearsipan; yakni merekrut pegawai baru sebagai
arsiparis. Oleh karena itu, pada masa tersebut jumlah
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
Sejak Belanda melancarkan agresi militer yang pertama dan Elizabeth was the elder
daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little
prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of
Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her
father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. The princess’s
education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess,
Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. Marten,
afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in
music and languages. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret
Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing,
for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and
condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s,
however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that
Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and
his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife,
Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal
residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a
recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth,
although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The
separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana
further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated
and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997,
especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at
half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing
the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-
traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success.
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
erdasarkan SK menteri PP dan K nomor69626/a/s nama Arsip Negara berganti menjadi
Arsip Nasional. Perubahan ini berlaku surut semenjak 1 Januari 1959.
Setelah Konferensi Meja Bundar tanggal 27 Desember1949, Pemerintah Belanda
melaksanakan pengembalian kedaulatan kepada Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, t
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
Surakarta, Dutch Soerakarta, also called Solo, kota (city), eastern Central Java
(Jawa Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It lies along the Solo
River about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Yogyakarta. Once the capital of Surakarta
principality under the Dutch, it was occupied by Japan (1942–45) during World War
II and was later incorporated into the Indonesian republic.
Tahun 1967 merupakan suatu periode yang sangat penting bagi Arsip Nasional,
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
Negeri diambil alih kembali oleh pemerintah Belanda. Nama Lembaga Arsip Negeri
berganti lagi menjadi Landsarchief kembali. Sebagai pimpinan Landsarchief adalah
Prof.W. Ph. Coolhaas yang menjabat hingga berdirinya Republik Indonesia
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
di bawah Presidium Kabinet. Dengan status baru tersebut, maka pada tahun 1968 Arsip
Nasional berusaha menyusun pengajuan sebagai berikut:
nomor 92 tahun 1993 tentang Kedudukan, Tugas, Fungsi, Susunan Organisasi dan Tata
Kerja Arsip Nasional RI. Berdasarkan Keppres
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as
the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared
in the media to U.S. President
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
istilah Kobunsjokan yang ditempatkan dibawah Bunkyokyoku. Sebagaimana pegawai-
pegawai Belanda lainnya,
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement,
he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he
collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem.
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
pemerintahan Britania di Indonesia secara resmi berakhir.[butuh rujukan]
Beliau adalah salah satu tokoh dalam perjuangan militer Indonesia, dan telah
menjadi tentara pada 3 zaman, yaitu zaman Belanda, zaman Jepang, dan zaman
kemerdekaan.
In 1949, he successfully led his forces recaptured the city of Yogyakarta from
Dutch hands at that time. He was also as a guard of Commander Sudirman. In
addition, he also once became the Commander of the Mandala (liberation of West
Irian).
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
Nasional RI di Daerah TK I menjadi Arsip Nasional Wilayah. Seiring dengan
pengembangan struktur organisasi tersebut, beliau juga
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
Secara yuridis, keberadaan lembaga kearsipan Indonesia dimulai sejak
diproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945.
karena berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden 228/1967 tanggal 2 Desember1967, Arsip
Nasional ditetapkan sebagai Lembaga Pemerintah
Oleh karena itu, Arsip Nasional RI tidak memiliki khasanah arsip pada masa
pendudukan Jepang. Lembaga Kearsipan yang pada masa Hindia Belanda bernama
Landarchief, pada masa pendudukan Jepang berganti dengan
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
menegaskan, bahwa Arsip Nasional sebagai aparat teknis pemerintah tidak
bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, bahkan merupakan penyempurnaan pekerjaan
Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24
Desember 1957.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
arsiparis di ANRI meningkat drastis. Puncaknya adalah tahun 1995-1996, dimana
jumlah arsiparis di ANRI Pusat mencapai 137 orang.
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
Ibu kota Indonesia saat ini adalah Jakarta. Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2022,
pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan Ibu Kota Nusantara yang berada di Pulau Kalimantan,
yang menempati wilayah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, untuk menggantikan Jakarta
sebagai ibu kota yang baru.[20] Hingga tahun 2022, proses peralihan ibu kota masih
berlangsung.
His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a
new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics.
A prolific essayist, short story writer, and novelist, Hurston turned her hand to
biographical writing in 1927 with this incredible work,
completely changed the trajectory of modern medicine. Rebecca Skloot skillfully
commemorates the previously unknown life of a poor black woman
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998.
mother. This tale of Enrique’s perilous journey is not for the faint of heart, but
it is an
sangat terkenal dengan Sumpah Palapa yang berisi ikrar untuk menyatukan seluruh
wilayah Nusantara.[46] Majapahit pada masanya terkenal sebagai negara agraris dan
juga sebagai negara perdagangan yang mengatur aktivitas pelayaran dunia.[46]
pelayaran dan perdagangan di Selat Malaka yang merupakan jalur perdagangan maritim
utama antara India dengan Tiongkok dan merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran
terpenting di dunia. Dari perdagangan tersebut, banyak budaya-budaya asing yang
mempengaruhi dan bahkan berasimilasi dengan budaya-budaya lokal.[40] Nama Sriwijaya
mulai meredup dan diperkirakan runtuh pada awal abad ke-11. Dharmasraya kemudian
naik
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun
bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia
di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami
Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa
terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21]
Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap
satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara.
Sejak Belanda melancarkan agresi militer yang pertama dan Elizabeth was the elder
daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little
prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of
Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her
father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. The princess’s
education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess,
Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. Marten,
afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in
music and languages. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret
Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,