e.midaxillary line is the anterior border of the b) Intercalated discs can be easily seen through 2.
2.2Describe the development of inter-atria
New Syllubus Past Papers
Anatomy CAT 2 -2018 A/L
1) Regarding lymphoid tissue
a) Germinal centres are present in primary
lymphoid follicles
b) High endothelial venules facilitates
lymphocyte migration
c) Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue is
covered by fibrous capsules
d) Red pulp of spleen contains macrophages
d). Afferents of lymph nodes consists of valves.
2. Which of the following joints of thoracic
cavity are correctly matched with their type
a) Costochondral - primary cartilaginous
b) Costotransverse - synovial
c) Costovertebral - fibrous
d)Interchondral - fibrous
e) Manubriosternal joint - secondary
cartilaginous
03 Regarding the surface marking of thorax
a. Oblique fissure corresponds to the medial
border of the scapula in fully abducted arm
b.inferior angle of scapula correspond to the
spinous process of T5 vertebrae
c.Apex beat can be heard from just medial to the
midclavicular line in 5th intercostal space
d.Azygos vein drain into superior vena cava at
the level of sternal angle
e.Inferior boder of the lung cross mid axillary
line at the level of 10th rib
4. Regarding the thoracic wall,
a.external intercostals are inspiratory muscles
b.Neurovascular bundle travels between external
intercostal and internal intercostal muscles
c.Collateral branches run in the subcostal groove
d.Internal intercostals aid in forced expiration
safe triangle
5) Regarding the development of the
respiratory system ,
a) Oesophageal atresia is associated with
tracheoesophageal fistula
b) Cartilages of respiratory system are derived
from splanchnic mesoderm
c) Lung bud is a ventral outgrowth of the
midgut.
d) Parietal pleura is developed from the
splanchnic mesoderm.
e) The pleural cavity is formed into the
pericardio-peritoneal canal
6. Regarding structure of posterior mediastinum
a) Oesophagus lies posterior to the left atrium
b) Inferior venae cava pierces the muscular part
of the diaphragm
c) Thoracic aorta goes through the diaphragm at
T10 level
d) Sympathetic trunk pierces the central tendon
of the diaphragm
e) Oesophagus is immediately related to the left
main bronchus
7) Regarding the development of the heart
a) Vena cavae enter the heart tube from the
caudal end.
b) Coronary sinus is derived from the sinus
venosus.
c)During the development, the pulmonary veins
become partially incorporated in to the right
atrium.
d) Ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary
trunk and arch of aorta.
e) sinus venous receives vitelline veins from the
yolk sac.
8)Features of the myocardium
a) Cardiac valves are lined by the endothelium.
light microscope. septum and embryological basis for patent
c) Capillaries can be seen in the intercellular foreman ovalae.
spaces.
d) Free surface of the epicardium is lined by
mesothelial cells.
e) Perkinjie fibers are special type of myocardial
cells.
09) About the right atrium
a) It forms the right border of the heart
b) Sinu atrial(SA )node is situated at the inferior
end of crista terminalis
c) Obllique sinus is just posterior to it
d) opening of coronary sinus is adjacent to the
IVC opening
e) Contains the moderator band
10) Which of the following are true about
cardiac blood supply and innervation,
a) Anterior interventricular artey is a branch of
left coronary artery
b) heart is supplied by dorsal root of T1 -T5
spinal segments
c) Anterior inter ventricular artery supplies the
sternocoastal surface of both ventricles
d) left coronary artery arises from anterior
aortic sinus
e) coronary arteries begin below the aorctic
valves
SEQ
(1)
1. What are the two functional zones of the
lower respiratory tract?
2. Draw a labelled diagram of a broncho
pulmonary segment.
3. Describe the functional adaptations of
traceobronchial tree( except alveoli)
(2)
2.1 Draw a cross section of superior mediastinum
to show relations of arch of aorta
1
Physiology CAT 2 – 2018 A/L
Mcq
1.In vitamin B12 defitiency which of the
following woukd decrease
a.RBC count
b.PCV
c.Reticulocyte count
d.ESR
e. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
2. Which of the following are synthesized in
liver in a healthy adult man?
a) erythrocytes
b) albumin
c) clotting factor 8
d) fibrinogen
e) immunoglobin
3. Match with the function
a) Natural killer cells- antibody
B) macrophages - phagocytosis
C).Plasma cells- direct cytotoxicity
D) APC - present antigens
4. Regarding immunoglobulin,
a) IgM crosses the placenta
b)IgG mainly increase in primary response
c) IgE is increased in allergies.
d) IgD shows a rapid rise in a secondary
immune response.
e) Breast milk contains IgA.
5. Regarding primary platelet plug formation in
blood clotting?
a. Platelet to platelet cohesion
b. Release of serotonin
c. ADP dependant platelet aggregation
d. VWF dependant platelet adhesion
e. Inhibited by secretion of prostaglandin
6. The serum has increased levels than in
plasma, Of
a. serotonin
b. Albumin
c. fibrinogen
d. Factor 8
e. Calcium
7.In upright position, following are greater in
apex of lung compaired to it's base
a Alveolar ventilation
b.Pulmonary capillary hydrosstatic pressure
increase
c.Blood flow per lung tisse increase
d.V/Q ratio
e.respiratory exchange ratio
8.What are T/F regarding to alveolar dead space
a.PO2 partial pressure difference
b.V/Q ratio is equal to 0
c.It is wasted ventiation
d.alveolar air composition is equal to inspired
air
e.physiological dead space increases
9. Regarding oxygen diffusion through alveolar
capillary membrane,
a. Reaches an equilibrium within 50% of alveolar
perfusion time. b. ?
c. reduced in alveolar hypoventilation
d. Reduced when thickness is increased
e. ?
10) WOTF are true regarding CO2 transport?
A)Diffusion capacity of CO2 is reduced when the
thickness of the alveolar-capillay membrane is
high.
B)DeoxyHb can bind more CO2 molecules.
C)Mainly transported as HCO3-.
D)Diffusion coefficient of CO2 is higher than that
of oxygen.
E) Cl- content of RBC of venous blood is less than
that of the RBC in arterial blood.
11. Which of the following are common for both
tidal and deep inspiration
a. Sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted
b. Intra pleural pressure descends to -6 mmHg
c. Total lung capacity is reached in both tidal
and deepinspiration
d. Surfactant concentration per unit area of
alveoli isdecreased
e. Resistance of the bronchioles increases
12 ) X and Y are deficient of surfactant
X _ small alveoli
Y _ large alveoli
a. Distending pressure difference of alveoli are
determined byLaw of Laplase.
b. Alveoli X and Y has low compliance than
normal alveoli.
c. X is more likely to develop pulmonary
oedema.
d. The direction of air flow is from Y to X
e.. Adding same amount of surfactant will
equalize the suraface tension of both alveoli
13) WOTF are true regarding the diffusion rate
of a patient with generalized lung fibrosis,
a. All lung volumes are smaller in lung fibrosis.
b. Diffusion capacity of CO is reduced
c. FEV1/FVC ratio is not significantly affected.
d. Carbondioxide retention happens in early
stages of thedisease.
e. Significant air flow limitation is commonly
observed duringspirometry test.
14) Regarding the conducting tissue of the
heart, a. Internodal pathways are present in
both atria
b. Fibrous layer in atrioventricular septum is
electroconductive.
c. Conduction velocity in AV node is very low.
d. interventricular septum depolarize from left
to right
e. Depolarization of the myocardium extends
from epicardialto endocardial direction.
15) What cause the shift of given edv/sv curve
to the left ( > )
a) Stimulation of Beta 1 adrenoreceptors
b) increase in EDV
c) increase ca2+ in cardiac myocytes
d) increase co2 in blood
e) intravenous administration of dopamine
16. WOTF are physiological functions of
endothelin
a. vasodilation
b. Increasing the heart rate
c. Increasing the myocardial contractility
d. Stimulating the secretion of aldosterone
e. suppression of secretion of natriuretic
peptides.
17. Regarding the velocity of blood flow,
a. velocity is greater in capillaries than
arterioles
b. velocity is greater in veins than venules
c. Increases in constricted areas of vessels.
d. The velocity of blood in the descending aorta
falls to 0during diastole e. ?
18)
2

Which of the following instances shown in the
above diagram are correctly matched with their
occurrences,
a. A -atrial contraction
b. B -aortic valve opening
c. C -second heart sound
d. D -isovolumetric ventricular contraction
e. E - rapid ventricular filling
19. A 70 year old man was admitted with
intercranial heamoreage. Which of the
following would be increase?
a. Intercranial pressure
b. Cerebral blood flow
c. Cerebral perfusion pressure
d. Systemic blood pressure
e. Diameter of cerebral arteries
20. Which of the following of a trained athlete
will be low at rest than an untrained athlete.
a. Cardiac output
b.. Heart rate
c. Stroke volume
d.. Venous return
e. Respiratory Rate
Seq
1] A man with severe anaemia was treated with
iron supplementation and blood transfusion.
a) Explain the process of rbc maturation
and role of ironsupplementation in
that.
b) Discuss the importance of cross
matching of blood typesbefore blood
transfusion.
c) A 40 year old woman presented with
deep vein thrombosis(DVT) thrombosis
was treated with intravenous heparin
and monitored with APTT . Explain the
physiologycal basis of treating with
heparin and monitoring with APTT
S to this type of blood tube?
2] Explain the physiological basis on the
following in a patient with obstructed bronchus.
a. Limitation of air flow into the lungs.
b. Reduced perfusion to hypoventilated areas
of lung.
c. Shift of P50 in Hb-oxygen curve.
3]
a. Compare and contrast the ionic basis of the
pacemakrer potential and cardiac muscle action
potential.
b. A healthy young man's blood pressure change
from 120/70 mmHg to 110/76 mmHg when
standing from supine position.
Describe the changes of the following.
1) Systolic Blood pressure
2) Diastolic pressure
Biochemistry -OSPE CAT 2 – 2018
A/L
1. a.Calculate the LDL cholesterol level using
the following data?
mg/dl
Total cholesterol level 270
HDL cholesterol level 60
Triglyceride level 320
LDL cholesterol level ?
b.State the function of statin drugs.
2.a) Identify this equipment used in b) What is the biochemical basis of the
phlebotomy color of sample B?
4. What is the role of surfactant in lungs?
Explain your answer with relation to its
chemical structure.
5. a) blood sample in a purple colored tube.
What is the possible additive that was added
b) What are the tests that are conducted
c) using this type of blood tubes?
c) What is the reason for the colour change
in this tube? name one compound that
could be increased in this blood sample.
d) Name one reason to find the blood
sample collected to one of this tubes to
be clotted
c) What are the possible effects on a
blood sample of applying this equipment
too long on a patient?
6. When comparing the mitochondrial matrix to
the intermembranous space of the
3. a) 2 Urine samples given. One immediately
mitochondria mention the changes seen in
the following parameters and explain the
reason.
a) pH
b) ATP levels
7..Draw forces between water molecules in
blood.
after collection, the other after few hours What are the types of attractions between the
(darkened). What is the type of porphyria? fluid molecules in the picture which you have
drawn ?
Concentration of Absorbance
cholesterol in standard 8.Using the values shown in the projection draw
the following graph (absorbance and cholesterol
solution(mg/dl)
concentration as the axis). Find the cholesterol
50 0.041
concentration of a sample using the drawn
100 0.089 graph.
Absorbance of the sample = 0.215
200 0.182
300 0.271
400 0.363
500 0.458
3