STUDENT KIT LAB MODULE

Program: CEEM242 Semester: 3

Ownership: Discipline of Power
Version: 4.0 Date Issued: March 2022
Course Name: Machine And Drives
Course Code: MEK550
Mode of Delivery: ✔ Face to Face Virtual

POLYPHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EXPERIMENT

Authors

Dr. Chan Sei

Prepared by: Date : 2009
Dr Mohammad Nawawi Bin Seroji
Nurul Idayu Binti Yusoff
1st Revision : Date : 2020
Dr. Siti Mariam Binti Mohd Shokri
Dr Mohammad Nawawi Bin Seroji
2nd Revision : Date : March 2022
Dr Muhammad Iqbal Bin Zakaria
 ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Field/Module: Machine / M1

Experiment Title: POLYPHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EXPERIMENT

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

CLO1 : Analyse experimental findings through result and

discussion (C4).
CLO2 : Demonstrate proficiency using laboratory tools in
Course Learning conducting experiment (P4).
Outcomes: CLO3 : Work in a team effectively to perform laboratory
works (A3).
CLO4 : Demonstrate communication skills with clarity and
effective discussion through lab reports (A3).

Upon completion of this experiment, students should have the:

MO1 : Ability to measure the equivalent circuit parameters

of an induction motor
Module Outcomes: MO2 : Ability to perform a load test for an induction
motor.
MO3 : Ability to predict motor performance using
equivalent circuit and verify the prediction using
experimental data.

Perform the following tasks:

Instructions: 1. Perform the tasks as given/instructed in the lab module.
2. Submit the report in a group.

1. No food or drink is allowed in the lab.

2. Shoes must be worn in the lab.
3. Please avoid wearing any conductor materials during the
experiment.
Safety Instructions:
4. Please ensure all the diagram connection is checked or
approved by instructor/assistance engineer before
performing the experiment.

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1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The basic principle of operation is described by Faraday’s Law. If we assume that the machine
rotor is at a standstill and the armature is excited, then the armature-produced rotating field is
moving with respect to the rotor. In fact, the relative speed between the rotating field and the rotor
is synchronous speed. For this condition, the rotating field induces a large voltage in the rotor bars.
The large voltage causes a large current in the squirrel-case which, in turn, creates a magnetic field
in the rotor.

The rotor magnetic field interacts with the armature magnetic field, and a torque is produced. If
the produced torque is larger than any load torque, the rotor begins to turn. As the rotor accelerates,
the speed difference between the rotor and the armature field is reduced. This reduced speed
difference (or slip) causes the induced rotor voltage to be reduced, the rotor current to be reduced,
the rotor flux to be reduced, and the torque produced by the machine to be reduced. Eventually,
the torque produced by the motor equals the torque demanded by the load, and the motor settles to
an equilibrium rotor speed. This equilibrium rotor speed must be less than synchronous speed since
there must be a slip to produce torque.

The frequency-dependent nature of the rotor impedances causes the torque versus speed
characteristic of the induction motor to be quite non-linear. Figure 1.1 shows a typical
characteristic.

Figure 1.1: Typical induction motor torque-speed curve.

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1.2 Induction Motor Tests

The steady-state operating characteristics of a three-phase induction motor are often investigated
using a per-phase equivalent circuit as shown in Figure 1.2. In this circuit, R1 and X1 represent
stator resistance and leakage reactance, respectively; R2 and X2 denote the rotor resistance and
leakage reactance referred to the stator, respectively.

Rc resistance stands for core losses; Xm represents magnetizing reactance; and s denotes the slip.
The equivalent circuit is used to facilitate the computation of various operating quantities, such as
stator current, input power, losses, induced torque, and efficiency. When power aspects of the
operation need to be emphasized, the shunt resistance R c is usually neglected; the core losses can
be included in efficiency calculations along with the friction, windage, and stray losses. The
parameters of the equivalent circuit can be obtained from the DC, no-load, and blocked-rotor tests.

Figure 1.2: Per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor referred to stator.

1.3 DC Resistance Test

The dc test is performed to compute the stator winding resistance R1. A DC voltage is applied to
the stator windings of an induction motor. The resulting current flowing through the stator
windings is a DC current; thus, there is no voltage induced in the rotor circuit, and the motor
reactance is zero. The stator resistance is the only circuit parameter limiting current flow.

1.4 No-Load Test

The no-load test on an induction motor is conducted to measure the rotational losses of the motor
and to determine some of its equivalent circuit parameters (Rc, Xm). In this test, a rated, balanced
AC voltage at a rated frequency is applied to the stator while it is running at no load, and input
power, voltage, and phase currents are measured at the no-load condition.

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1.5 Blocked-Rotor Test

The blocked-rotor test on an induction motor is performed to determine some of its equivalent
circuit parameters (R2, X1+X2). In this test, the rotor of the induction motor is blocked, and a
reduced voltage is applied to the stator terminals so that the rated current flows through the stator
windings. The input lower, voltage, and current are measured.

Refer to the example 5.3 of ‘Principles of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics 2 nd edition,
P.C. Sen. Wiley’ for detailed methods of parameter computation.

2. PRE-LAB WORK

2.1 Preparatory Work

You are expected to read this entire set of pages and prepare yourself for the prescribed
experimental procedures. This includes performing the specific tasks in this section and studying
all circuit and/or connection diagrams. This is to be done before entering the laboratory.

A 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction machine is rated at 1480 rpm, and 240 V. A blocked rotor test
yields the following measurements: three-phase power 460 W, line current 10.5 A and line to
line voltage 58 V. A no-load test yields: 300 W, 6.0 A, 240 V. A DC resistance test yields values
of 0.7 ohms for stator winding resistance (per phase, Y equivalent). Assume the approximate
equivalent circuit (Rc and Xm branch connected directly across the motor terminal):

1) Calculate the synchronous speed in rpm, the rated slip in percent, and the rated speed in
rad/sec.
2) Calculate the series impedance (R2', X2') in ohms.
3) Calculate the shunt elements (Rc , Xm) in ohms.
4) Calculate the equivalent load resistance (R = R2' [1-s]/s) for a speed of 1480rpm.
5) Predict the output power and torque corresponding to 240 V and 1480 rpm (rated
conditions).
6) Predict the input current (A) and power factor (%) for the conditions of part 5.
7) Predict the input power (W) and efficiency (%) for the conditions of part 5.
8) Using the values of R2', R, and I2' calculated in 2, 3, 5, calculate the losses corresponding
to the conditions of 5; and then re-compute the efficiency using these loss values and the
output power computed in 5.
9) Predict the blocked rotor current at rated voltage and draw the phasor diagram for no-load,
blocked rotor, and full-load conditions.

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2.2 Schematic Diagrams

Referring to the procedures, sketch the circuit schematics diagram for the following measurements.
All meters must complete with appropriate range labels.

1) Record or compute the rated voltage, current, power and speed of the test machine.
2) DC resistance test using voltmeter-ammeter method (Rdc=V/I).
3) Block-rotor test at rated current condition.
4) No-load test (minimum slip test) at rated voltage.
5) Load test – The load is the DC dynamometer operating as a shunt generator loaded by a
resistor bank

Plan data tables for all tests.

Group leader must get your instructor to approve all your “prelab” work and schematics
before starting the experiment.

3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

3.1 Equipments for the experiment:

1) 1 unit of 3-Phase Induction Machine - Model Terco MV1007-405 Delta-connected

230V, 1.1kW
2) 1 unit of 3-Phase Shunt Regulator - MV1905, 440Ω
3) 1-unit Shunt DC Machine - Model Maguima CC 2.2kW, MV1028-225
4) Torque Measuring Unit Model Terco MV1054
5) Power Supply - MV1300, 0-220V DC, 3-Phase 230/133V AC

Figure 3.1: Layout equipment for induction motor experiment

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3.2 Procedure

The aim of experiment to estimate the per phase parameters of the star-connected equivalent
circuit of the delta connected motor

Part A: Parameter Measurements

(1) DC Resistance Test

i. Measure the DC resistance of each of the stator windings using the voltmeter-
ammeter method.
ii. Start with the supply voltage set to zero and turn up slowly and carefully so as not
to exceed rated current in each case. Record values of voltage and current (at
approximate rated current) and determine average resistance values.
iii. Remember that the resistance you measured is the resistance of the stator phase
winding. For delta connected stator, the phase impedances are delta connected. To
find its star equivalent a delta to star resistance transformation is needed.

(2) No-load Test

i. Connect the motor circuit for no-load test according to your approved circuit. Get
your instructor to check your circuit before switching on power. Start the induction
motor as follows. Zero the power supply, then switch the power on and raise the
voltage slowly, be careful not to exceed rated stator current. When full voltage has
been applied; record the stator line voltage and stator line current and three-phase
power.
ii. Measure the no-load speed and compute the minimum slip of the motor.
iii. Measure the no-load torque.
iv. Turn off power after taken your data.
v. Using IEEE equivalent circuit, compute Xm. Estimate the rotational losses with
consideration of stator copper loss.

Part B: Load Test

(1) Load Test

Connect the motor and dynamometer according to your approved circuit. Get your
instructor to check your circuit before switching on power. Start the motor by carefully
increasing the supply voltage to rated value. Also slowly increase the dynamometer
excitation until its output voltage reaches its rated value. The loading of the DC
dynamometer can be varied by switching the resistor bank. Maintained stator input line
voltage at 230 V throughout the test. Take readings of speed, input power, and line current,

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 as the torque is varied from minimum 4.5 A to just overrated value of 5.5 A (or 10 Nm
torque) in about 8 or 10 steps.
Turn off power after taken your data.
Calculate the output power, power factor and efficiency for all test points, placing your
results in the table. Show a sample calculation only.

(2) Prediction of Performance

Using the measured equivalent-circuit parameters, predict the motor current, power factor,
efficiency, and torque in about 15 steps of speeds for the range of speeds measured in Part
B (1). Tabulate the predicted performance data. Plot the predicted and measured currents
versus torque in one graph. Repeat for power factor, input power, output power, efficiency,
and speed. Comment on the accuracy of prediction and the likely reasons for any
discrepancies.

Part C: Blocked Rotor Test

Connect the squirrel cage rotor induction motor with rotor blocked according to your approved
circuit. Get your instructor to check your circuit before switching on power. Perform the blocked
rotor measurement as follows. Adjust the AC power supply to zero. Turn the power on and increase
the voltage carefully until rated stator current is flowing. Record readings of the stator line voltage,
line current and power as quickly as possible to avoid thermal damage. Turn off power after taken
your data. Notice that the applied voltage is very low. Determine the equivalent circuit impedances
for the stator and rotor (referred to stator). Assume X1 = X2’ and consider the Xm branch is
negligible under blocked-rotor condition.

4. DISCUSSION

1) Discuss the relationship between torque and speed in the induction motor.
2) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of induction motor.
3) Describe the results obtained by comparing with IEEE equivalent circuit.

5. QUIZ

A set of questions will be presented by lab instructor and students are expected to answer all
questions before concluding the experiment. This could be in the form of written or oral quiz.

6. CONCLUSION

Conclude in detail the findings and the outcomes of this experiment. This should include the
summary of knowledge gained, comments and discussion of the results, including suggestions of
errors and their possible sources and how this experiment can be improved.

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7. REFERENCES

1) P.C. Sen, “Principles of Electrical Machines & Power Electronics” 2nd Edition, John
Wiley
2) Chapman,S.J, “Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals”, McGrawHill 2002

8. THE ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

The Electrical Machinery Laboratory at level 6 of tower 2 has been designed with safety in mind.
However, the voltage levels and rotating machines used in machine experiment are potentially
hazardous. Please use thought and care in working in the laboratory, observe obvious rules of
safety by making measurements with proper caution and by avoiding circuit changes when power
is on. Familiarize yourself with laboratory safety features. If an accident does occur, shut off power
and call for help. A summary of recommended safety precautions and of lab safety features is
given below. While no such list can be complete, be sure you are familiar with these basic
precautions.

8.1 Primary rules

1) Do not make circuit changes or perform any wiring when power is on.
2) When in doubt, turn power off.
3) Assume that panel jacks on your bench are electrically live when power is on.
4) Be sure you understand the function and wiring of an instrument before using it in a circuit.
5) Do not repeat the same mistake.
6) Do not guess-know! If in doubt- see 3. above.
7) Do not wear loose-fitting clothing or jewellery to the lab. Rings and necklaces are usually
excellent conductors in excellent contact with your skin.
8) It is wise in electrical labs to wear pants rather than shorts or skirts. Ties are also dangerous.
9) Wear shoes.

8.2 Some Additional Safety Points for this Lab

1) No safety procedure can replace knowledge, common sense, and respect for the equipment.
Study the material, decide what you plan to do, draw schematics, and talk to the instructor
about any questions. do not make a connection at random!
2) Acquaint yourself with disconnect switches, especially those at your bench.
3) The electrical machines in the lab are neither of high horsepower nor of high speed, but
some safety precautions must be taken around any rotating machinery. Most important: do
not wear neckties or necklaces around rotating machines. When the motors are running,
keep hands and heads away from them.
4) Make sure that there is no chance you will touch an energized wire. For that:
5) Turn everything off before you make any changes in connections.

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 6) Make solid connections and do not splice them if they do not reach-get a longer cable, do
not connect banana plugs together to each.
7) Make sure that the motors and platform are solidly connected to ground
8) Try to make the correct connections the first time. To do so, plan of your wiring ahead of
time, have it checked and follow it.
9) To avoid mistakes that can compromise safety of people and equipment, and to save time,
have one person make connections, while the other is checking. Do not have two people
try to wire the experiment at the same time.
10) Do not touch anything if your hands are wet. The "one-hand" approach is safest.
11) No smoking in the lab, and no food or beverages near the workbenches. If you smell smoke,
turn off power.
12) Keep your bench organized and neat. It should be clear of coats, extra books and papers,
and unused equipment.

In the event of an accident or emergency:

1) Do not panic.
2) Shut off all power.
3) Call for assistance.

9. GUIDE TO STUDENTS

9.1 Laboratory Team

`
Laboratory experiments will normally be done in groups of three to four students. Each group is
required to complete “prelab” exercise and get it approve by your instructor before the starting of
each experiment. Duties are assigned to help keep experiment organized and efficient. The duties
are as follows:

Leader: In charge of the experiment. The leader is responsible for being familiar with any
special safety considerations for the experiment. He or she acts as the link between
group members and the instructor for questions. Get the instructor to approve the
“prelab” exercise and experiment schematics. Responsible for decisions concerned
with procedural details for the experiment. The leader is responsible for ensuring that
all equipment is properly put away at the end of the session.

Recorder: Records all experiment data and observations. The recorder is responsible for
providing each group member with a copy of the data at the end of the session. He or
she is responsible for accuracy, completeness, and neatness of the data record.

Members: Other group members help with setup, clean up, and actual performance of the
experiments, as directed by the group leader.

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Of course, all group members are active in the preparation, setup, and performance of each
experiment. Be sure to return all equipment to the proper locations at the end of the session. These
duties rotate among group members from session to session.

9.2 Required Work

The following must be completed to pass the course

1) Each group must complete each prelab exercise and get the instructor in charged to approve
it before starting the experiment.
2) All experiments must be completed to pass the course.
3) Keep your data in a bound laboratory notebook. The notebook data must be accurate and
reflect your progress through the experiment. Do not just scribble data in the margins of
the pages in this manual. Before disconnecting your test circuit, call the instructor over and
have him check your collected data for correctness and completion. Once satisfied you
have done all the work, he will initial your notebook.
4) All student groups must turn in their own separate report on each experiment. The report
is due at the next laboratory period following completion of the experiment.
5) The report should be an organized summary of laboratory work and should be based only
on experimental results.

9.3 Reports

Every report should be of good technical quality. This means that it should tell the whole story of
what happened and why and prove a point. There should be no references to this manual, but rather
the report should be self-standing; It should contain:

1) Title, date, authors (leader, recorder, members)

2) Introduction: What is the objective in the lab, how it is related to previous labs, what is
shown here. (a suggestion: write the introduction last).
3) What is the theory behind what is in each section of the report? What was the circuit that
was used?
4) For each section present the data and the observations that support or refute the theory.
How to obtain this data is outlined in the manual but try to devise additional experiments.
Discuss every plot and number you present; do not present plots or numbers that you do
not discuss.
5) Conclusions: did everything work? If so, how did it prove the theory? Did you conduct
additional tests and if so, what did they show? Why did certain things not work as well? (a
suggestion: write the Conclusions first).

There are some common pitfalls that should be avoided:

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1) Graphs do not have each axis labelled, or each line marked (on the graph, by hand is
acceptable).
2) There are references, explicit or implicit to this manual.
3) Graphs, figures, and data are presented in an appendix. Instead, cut them and paste them
inside the text.
4) Too much effort is placed on quality of presentation, including scanning of pictures etc.
Instead spend time organizing your report: writing an outline first will only take five
minutes but will result in a much better report.

END

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 STUDENT LAB REPORT
Program: CEEM242 Semester: 3
Ownership: Discipline of Power
Version: 4.0 Date Issued: March 2022
Course Name: Machine And Drives
Course Code: MEK550
Mode of Delivery: ✔ Face to Face Virtual

POLYPHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EXPERIMENT

LAB REPORT SUBMISSION DEADLINE: 1 WEEK AFTER LAB SESSION

Prepared by : Student ID :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Group : Lab Date : Submission Date :

Lab Instructor :

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 GRADING SECTION
Program: CEEM242 Semester: 3
Ownership: Discipline of Power
Date
Version: 4.0 March 2022
Issued:
Course Name: Machine And Drives
Course Code: MEK550
Mode of Delivery: ✔ Face to Face Virtual
POLYPHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EXPERIMENT
Weighted Marks
(Part A) Assessment Criteria * Marks Allocated Obtained (WMO)
Results:
● List all the data collected and show them graphically. 30.00
● Present and label clearly the figures, tables and graphs.
● Exhibit significant results of the project
Discussions:
● Discuss and analyze all results thoroughly. 30.00
● Discuss and evaluate the experimental procedure to achieve the
objectives
● Include calculation and interpret them by comparing with theoretical
values.
● Explain the reason on each interpretation
Conclusions:
● Summarize the whole experimental results 10.00
● State whether your results support your theory
● Comments about its success and effectiveness.
● Explain your achievements, problems and suggestions.
Grammar:
Written with correct grammar e.g. sentence structure, tenses and spelling 5.00

Total Part (A) 75.00

*Notes: All criteria in Part (A) and Part (B) are assessed based on the PO2 and PO10 of Lab
Report Evaluation rubrics.
Marks Remarks Marks Obtained
(Part B) Assessment Criteria*
Allocated
Pre-Lab 15.00
Students need to answer and submit all Pre-lab is assessed based on the marking
pre-lab in the report. scheme of the respective laboratory

Quizzes 10.00
Students need to submit answer for quizzes in the lab Quizzes are assessed based on the marking
report. scheme of the respective laboratory
Total Part (B)
25.00

TOTAL ( (A) + (B))

/100%
Instructor’s Comments

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