TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Academic Year 2022-2023

Semester 1

EET4L ACDC MACHINES

Module No. 5 - Speed Control of Slip Ring Induction

Motor

7th Week (Laboratory)

Student ID No. Section

Student’s Name Date of Submission

Date Submitted:

ASSESSMENT: NOTE:

Max. Marks
Assessment For minor plagiarism:
Marks Awarded
Performance 2
Both student who copied and student
Data Collection and who allowed another student to copy
2
Analysis his/her work will be given Zero Mark.
Results and Discussions 2

Lab Assessment 4
For late submission:
Total 10
A deduction of 2 Marks / Day out of
Lecturer Signature: 100 marks for late submission of
module activities will apply.
Engr. Rommel Aunario

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I. Aims/Objectives

After going through this module you are expected to:

To perform the speed control test on slip ring induction motor by rotor resistance control method.
Plot the motor speed characteristics at different values of applied resistance in slip ring of induction
motor.

II. Overview

The speed of a three-phase induction motor is given by,

N=N s (1−s )
and

120 f
Nb=
P

This shows the speed of three phase induction motor depends upon synchronous speed (Ns) and
slip(s). The synchronous speed of induction motor depends upon supply frequency and the number
of stator poles.

In this experiment we will vary the speed of the 3Ǿ Induction Motor by varying the rotor resistance.
We will observe the relationship of the rotor resistance with the current, power and speed of the
motor by conducting an online simulation provided in this link. Please run the simulation by copying
and pasting this link in your web browser.

https://ems-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/exp/speed-control-slip-ring/simulation.html

III. Theory

A wound rotor induction motor or slip ring induction motor has a stator like the squirrel cage
induction motor, but a rotor with insulated windings brought out via slip rings and brushes.
However, no power is applied to the slip rings. Their sole purpose is to allow resistance to be placed
in series with the rotor windings while starting.

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 Figure 3 Slip Ring Three Phase Induction Motor

Slip Ring Characteristics

A slip ring motor or a phase wound motor is an induction motor which can be started with full line
voltage, applied across its stator terminals. The rotor winding terminals of a wound rotor motor are
connected to three slip-rings mounted on but insulated from the shaft. The leads, from the three
brushes pressing on these slip-rings are taken to external resistances. At the time of start, the value
of starting current is adjusted by adding up external resistance to its rotor circuit. As the rotor
speeds up, the external resistance is decreased in steps so that motor torque tends to remain

maximum during the accelerating period. Finally, under normal operation, the external resistance is
fully cut off and the slip-rings are short-circuited so that motor now develop full load torque at low
value of slip-rings. The point to be noted is the “slip necessary to generate maximum torque is
directly proportional to the rotor resistance.” So it is evident that the slip increases with increase in
external resistance.

With the above statements, let us discuss the different methods of speed control of slip ring
induction motors:

1. Rotor Rheostat Control

2. Cascade Control

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Speed Control by Rotor Rheostat Control

The external rheostat which is used for the starting purpose of these slip ring motors can be used for
its speed control too. But the point to look into is the starting rheostat must be rated for
“continuous” operation. With the same rheostat added to the rotor circuit, it is possible to regulate
the speed of slip ring motors. The resistance is engaged maximum during starting and slowly cut-off
to increase the speed of the motor. When running at full speed, if the need arises to reduce the
speed, the resistance is slowly added up and thus speed reduces. To understand the speed control,
let us look into the torque-slip relation given below.

Torque T =S∗R
Where,
S – is the slip of the motor,
R – is the Rotor resistance.

It is evident from the above relation that as the rotor resistance increases, the torque decreases. But
for a given load demand, the motor and thus the rotor has to supply the same torque without any
decrease. So in order to maintain the torque constant, as the rotor resistance increases the slip also
increases. This increase in slip is nothing but decrease in motor speed.

Disadvantage

But there are some disadvantages in this method of speed control. As the rotor resistance is
increased, the “I2 * R” losses also increase which in turn decreases the operating efficiency of the
motor. It can be interpreted as the loss is directly proportional to reduction in speed. Since the
losses are more, this method of speed reduction is used only for short period only.

Cascade Control

Cascade or Tandem method has two motors mounted on same shaft called in tandem or cascade
operation. The motor “A” which is connected to the mains is called as the main or the master motor.
This motor has slip rings mounted on its rotor shaft from which the motor “B” gets its supply from is
called as auxiliary or the slave motor. It is to be noted that both the motors are mounted on same
shaft. Thus, it is evident that either the motors must run at same speed or it may have some gear
arrangements.

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 Figure 2 Mechanically coupled slip ring induction motor

The main motor is necessarily a slip ring induction motor but the auxiliary motor can be slip ring or
squirrel cage induction motor. For satisfactory operation, motor “A” must be phase wound/ slip ring
type with the stator to rotor winding ratio of 1:1, so that in addition to cascade operation, they can
also run from supply mains separately. Since the supply for the slave motor is from the slip rings of
the master motor, and it is forming a chain of sequential operation, the system is called as “Tandem
or Cascade or Concatenation” operation. Three or four different combinations are possible for
attaining different speeds.

Figure 3 Cascade Method wiring diagram

Main motor may be alone on the mains, where Na = 120f/Pa, where Pa is the number of poles in
motor “A.” Auxiliary or the slave motor running alone on the mains, where

120 f
Nb=
Pb

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Where Pb is the number of poles in motor “B.”

The combination may be in cascade operation. In this operation, the important point is that the
phase rotation of the stator fields of the motors “A” and “B” must be in same direction. Thus the
synchronous speed of this cascaded motor set is given by

120 f
N c=
Pa + P b

Voltage supply is connected to the stator of one of the induction motors and induced EMF of the
rotor is fed to the stator of another motor.

III. Apparatus and Materials Required

No. Name Description Quantity

1 Power Supply Three Phase 1
2 Motor Slip Ring Induction Motor 1
3 Measuring Instrument Ammeter 1-20 A 1
4 Measuring Instrument Voltmeter 1 - 230 V 1
5 Resistance Rheostat 1
6 Speedometer Tachometer 1

IV. Experimental Set-up

Figure 4

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V. Procedure

Step 1: Make the proper connection by clicking the node as instructed below. If the wire is
misplaced, click the node number to attach the nodes' wire.

Step 2: Click "Check" button.

1. if connection is correct, an alert appers. Click ok. Now, go to step 4.

2. if connection is wrong, an alert appers. Click ok. Now, go to step 3.

Step 3: Check the connection and either deattach the incorrect wire connection or Click on
reset button and start from step 1.

Step 4: Switch on the MCB.

Step 5: Click anywhere on the autotransformer.

Step 6: Slide the knob of the Rheostat to change the resistance.

Step 7: Take readings from Rotor, Voltmeter, Ammeter and Watt-meter.

Step 8: Click "Add to table" button to insert the values in table.

Step 9: Follow the procedure from step 6 to step 8, till you have the 6 readings on table.

Step 10: After taking minimum 6 readings, click the "Graph" button.

Step 11: Click "Print" button, to print the full connections with graph and table.

VI. Data Collection and Analysis

(Paste the electronic printout of the graph)

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VII. Results and Discussion

VIII. Conclusion

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Student’s Name and Signature/Date

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