YAMAHA

YRM.3O3
MIDIMAERO& MONITOR
OWNER'SMANUAL
MANUELD'UTILISATION
BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG

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 I

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HereisaLlstofthecornponenlsyouneecltoenjoythefullpotentiaoltheMDMacro&Montorp

C, & Perinherals
Yamaha Music compuler The YamahaMuslcCornpuiers (CX5IVor CXsMll)comewith ihe
or Yamaha MSx compuler SFG-01or lhe SFG05 YamahaFM SoundSynthes zer llnit lf yotr
equipped wlth a MlDl ln- own anoiher Yaraaha MSX computer you wll have to purchasea
lertace M D nterface(seebe ow).
MlDllnlerlace You can usethe YamahaFII SoundSynthesizer LlnitsSFG-01or
SFG-05or the SN.4D01 as a lVlDlintedacefor yourcomputer
. Color Monllor or TV Werecornmend an RGBmontorloroptimalscreen resoluton.lfyour
compulerls noiequ ppedw th an RGBconnectoranyco or monitor
or TVwi do P easereterto lhe OwneasManua oi yourcomputer

. Prlnler A prinlerwlll provideyou w ih hardcopiesof your programs.

Any
prinlerbearng tne @ talet can be used We recornmendthe
YamahaPN'101Dot mpaclPr nter
. Exlernal memory You can use a Data Recorder For
lor an ord narytape recorder).
h gh speedmemoryoperaton, howev€r, a YamahaMemoryCar-
tridge(UDC-l ) or an MSXF oppydiskDrive (theYamahaFD 05.for
example)s besl. Notethal ontyoneI oppydiskdrivecan be used
and lhat onlythe SFG05 s compatibe wltha floppyd sk drive.

MIDI
. Sourcelnslrumenl Any l\,llDlun t can be lsed as an inputdevce Yo! maylse a M D
keyboarda li/lDi sequenceror even anotherlVusc Computer
equipped withsequence soflware. s!ch as lhe FMMusc Cornposer
o r t h eF MM u sc M a c r oo r l u s t a M u s i c K e y b o a r d l Y K ' 0 1 / Y K 2 0 )
. SlaveInslrumenl AnyM D syslemfeaturng a M D N connectorTheslavenslrument
w I playthe M D sequences by or handedon iiorayour
generated
Musc Compuier.

A dio System
Do notconnectlheAUDIooLlTlacksofyourSFG-01 or SFG-05 toyoursound system. Connecta stereo
s y
ampliJication s l e m
l o t h e N 4
D n s t r L m e n t {
f s
l h
) e y d o n o t f e a t u r e b ! i l l - n a m p liferandspeaker.

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 ()verview of a C

MJD]

rffi
MIOIOUT

N1D .strumenl(Sourc€)

. Relerto the Owner'slVanualol \rourcomputer

lo connectthe TV/moniior
and the DataRecordef.
. To connectlhe othercomponentsreferto iheirrespectiveOwner's[4anua
. lf yourcomputeris equ ppedwith only one cartrclgeslot yo! may rnsertthe dlskdrve int€dace
orthe DataMemoryCadridgeinlothe rearslotusinga SingteCartrdgeAdapter(CA0i).

Warnng
. Neverinsedor rernove
anythingfroma cartriclges ot as longas thecomputer s powerIo caror
is lil.
. NeveTnsertor removea lioppyd sk whenthe drives operationnd catoris Iit
. Neverswitchthe computeror the driveon/oJJ
whitethereis a ftoppydiskin the drive

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 MIDI Connections
& f/on tor program
dependon lhe wayyou intendto usethe l,llDll",lacro
TheMlDlcoanections

. To monitorthe MIDI sequencesot a MIDI inslrumenl

MIDI

. To play back MlDl sequencesby means ol the MlDl Macro Assembleror the MlDl Monilol

MD N
-,".-
; r l
Fi\4So!nd Genarator

. To use lhe program belweenlwo MlDl Inslrumenls

MD N

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 $-rVSrtEM
#;*Q'*9&NfuTrtffi
303cartrdge beforeturnng on the powerto ihe complrter.nseriing
ae surelo insertthe YFN,I
or removing a cartfdgewh e the powers on maydanrageboththecomputer andthecartridge
Alsoinserta DaiaMemory Cartridge orthefloppy diskdriveinterface
before
booi ng yoursystem
Connecting theseperipherais wh le thecomputeris on is harmfuandwlllerasealLthedalayoLr
mighthavestoredin ihe computer s mernory.
BootingyoLrrsystemmLrst be carred out n the rightsequence (asexpainedbelow).

Power-onS
Besureallihe components are properly
and theYRM303cartridge connected
Turnon the TV,the (unloaded) and t naly the complter
floppydsk ddve,the lvlD nstrumenls,

Floppydisk
Drlve

N4lDllnstrlrments

Computer

* Fieverse to turnyoufsyslemoff.
the abovesequence

Fi-if nacRpr-jo\nnFl

!fers. o+{l
r ' r F .+ + l u h F
i aoro F i l i €. Hold N copv

* lf the aboved sp ayslailio appear,turnoff yourcomputerand insertihe cartrdgecofreciy

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 Block Di
of the lvlDivonito.
Thefollowingdiagranshowsrheooeration

M t D ! t \ r oTNo B ..... ..
@ @MERGE
G)MFTLTEF

lit Fiil
OfgLD vorur6Fuoa"
O DLJMP
@

@MEMoRY

[ r ] D t t l i A c R.o- ---. .- @ PAsrEBUFFEF

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 bLO tn e
lv,llDl
sequences received at the MlDliN termnal O are sentto the display@ and to the l\,llDl OUT
termina@ ior transmission. Theactualdala paih can be controlled
by severa"switches":
. e t 1 6 r ! 1 1 . i o ns s e _^ r l e I t l r a Loilnoo.@
. Begardless ol thef lterlunclionsetting, twoswitches(@ and@) a lowlhe datato bypassthefi ler
O, so that ihe daia that are sentto the screen @ and the dala thal are senito the i\,llDlOUT
connector@ can be lndependently f ltered
. Two switches(@ andO)allow lhe datareceived at M D N Oto be slorecln memory@ whie
theyarebeingdisplayeci(Monitormode). Theswitchesalsoservelodisplaythedataareadystored
n memory ([4emory Dumpmode).
. TheHoldfuncton @ prevents newdataarrivingviathe l,llDllN iermnalO frombeingsentto ihe
screen@ so thatthe datathatarecurrenty beingd sp ayeclcan be examined
. Thelilefgefunction@ a owsihe daiacorningfromthe M D NterminaOiobenrixed 0 wth
the daiathatareinputv a theconputerkeyboard@ . Theblendw ll thenbe sentto thelvllDlOUT
termina@
. ThePUtandGEicommands a low datatransferbetween the memory@ andthePasteBuffer@
for rnemoryrelocallon or relrleval
by meansof the Macro Assembler

The three Modes the MIDI Monitor

In the L,lonitormode,the daia receivedat the MlDl N terminal(, are d sp ayed n real time and
simultaneously storedln memory@ Datainputv a thecompuierkeyboard area wayssentto the
lvlDlOL-IT terminal@ daia receivecl al ihe M D lNtermnalO aresentlotheMD OLITtermina
@ on y if the Mergefunctionis on.
ln the MemoryDumprnodethe data that havebeenprevlously sloredin the memory@ can be
d s p l a y e d a n d r e - a r r a n g e d . T h e d a l a r e c e j v e d al lNt hl eerMmDi n a l O c a n s l r l b e s e n t l o l h D
e[,/]
OUTterminai@ , buttheywil neitherbe storednor d sp ayed.
In the Filer Edltmode@, you mayselectthe LllDlmessages to be accepledby the Fi lerO

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TlTeMlDlMonitorfeaturesrnanyscreensoneJoreachof the f.lonitor,
lvemoryDunrp,and FilterEdt
modes, plls p
6 He screens
Theto lowinglluslratonsshowhowto accesseachof thesescreens

the Modes of the MIDI Molitot

irir!!, rl 4!

F lterEditlvlode

.M:' ! ! 1 q 1 9 q _ i 11 1

[,4emory
Dunp Mode

The IKANAIkey(PriniDumpon/olf)corresponds
to the ICODEIkeyon Inlernallonal
modes.

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 thc HelD Scree s

Montor Mode MernoryDump\,,lode

n n
@ E

===== kEv FLNCTTo

F2 --- se..ch L.st block
F3 --- sr:rch N.xt bl&k
Firter.n/o+f F1 --- I'ler.e +ilter onlo+f
F5 -- DLI1P (==:> tloNIToR
F? - - iCRo <===> roNIroR

DEL --- Delete ch**rer

TAD --- R€c.lr cffia^d irne
Print duir on-,o+f
^sToP --- stop pfinti4

il
brAUEt E!!l roexr lSFAcEl@ ro exit

LIst --- lisiins .vhbdl bble

t?x) xx=12<cr):de+ine senbol

-u-
lSFAcEllEselro e, t
[_
lseAqq E!91roe/t
u

D F S= d i s F l a s + i r t e . suitch
D H S= d t s P l a e h o r d s u i t c h

rrc^l T o e x t ESUI O E VI

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 .. :.,,..:::::::.)..:,:
::::l::a::a::.::.;:,:a:

ngthe ITJ.I (FFllm + E)

Press datato trreor nterThepr ntoLrt
keysendsthescreen wi ook
ex6cly r KeyoLlT
scfeen
. lfyou are not n Moniloror \,iemory
Dumpmode press@
. Beforeyou attemptany prlning.vo! musttel the conrpuler
wh ch k nd of piinteris on ine.Th s is
done by us ng ihe PR commandThs commandac.eptst,ro parameters: the firstspecf es the
p e r l" . o o pe ia.5oprr, gda

MSx for MSXPrinlef

for EPSONPrinler
S l n ge lor ightpr nting
Density
DO!ble ior heavypr nt ng

of theseparameters
YoLrfeed onlyto typetheI rsttwo characters
Example
pr nterand youwantheavyprint
You havean l\,1SX
Typein PR* Ms Do and pressIFETURNI
*tr',.vd.d ^ere a- oo'rrLa,o.o or L-\e oraQpobo,L po.a.

No!,/se ectlhe screen10be printecl

and presslhe @ co or of thescreentufns
key Theb,order
to greendur ng pr ntingoperationand goesbackto norma aftercomplelon
* lf youtry to pr nt outthe ivlontor or Memot Durnpmodescreefstf e bordprco or doesnotlurn
green b!t theJolowingmessage appears:
Hard Copy:CTRL- STOPbreak

:!456?e9A!CDE

Sl (lightJ DO (heavy)

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gg98:FA Fe 9A 26 3e FA Fe FE9F: Fe Fe 9 B ?6
B69BIFA Fe 9A 26 AA Fe 9a FB ga
gBBEtfS EeiE ?A?ePBBae
Ba9a: Fe
6Fee:44
EgeE: FE
Fi FF
9E:9
2n
FA
4'!
BO
9F ?5 E4 FC
A61B:FA 96 27 AF 27 Ag 2S BE?i: FF 9q !? aF !? EE EB FB
"g
oaTB:Fa Fe Fe FA FA Fg Fe
g96e:FB Fe FA F A FA 96 22
AO6q:Fe 98 22 AA FA FE Fe
I
E
Itr?a Ft
BE6e: F!
BA6q FE
F6 Fa
FE Fa
9ri 22
Fe
FS
BB
3B 2? EF
Ag5A:!t 44 FA FA Fe Fe 9a 5 Bd5e 1D 44 FA Fn
AgSAtsg
qB4B.3E
FA
Fe
9g lD OA FE 96 5 E E 5 E j: 5 8 Fe !ii 1! aq F9 9B 25
Fe FA 9q 2t ao 6 BE4e 3E Fn- FF FE 9E 15 BA ?6
Sq4O:AA FA 9A 2
q2B 4a Fa Fa € BB4!: Sd F€ 9A !l
0838:Fe 90 22 Fa Fa Fe E! BA3S: FA 98 e? BB
AAE\|TE ?e?EFE',8 7e3a sB
AO2A:Fe FA FA 99 25 2D Fe
BFIB:58
4EZE: FA
B4?B: FE
25 EF
Fa Fs
Fg Fg
FF
FE
9E
9E
t5
99
1C
l,
25 FB
29 FE
F F - r9 E
AOle:tC
gglAtFE
OA Fe Fg Fg 9A 25 a 6E18:1t Eq FE Fa FE 9E ?5 SE
Fe FB Fg FS 99 1C 6 EAlA: Fg Fs FE Fe FE 9E 1C :6
0994: Fe Fe Fg 99 1c 96 Fa a BERg: Fe FS FF 9A EF FE F9
>Herd CoFg: CTRL-STOP b.ea t CTEL -STDP brF! k
Hex LasL Nexl f4Fo++ Eohit
HeIp l,acro FiIter HcoFg

- DO(heaw) Sl ( iqht)
. io ilte-uota orintour.pressthela tA l |
@l "eys
* In orderto be surethe printeris properlyresetfor fulure printouts,switchthe printerOFF,then
oN. edch fimeyou interrupta prjnroutby oressinglaTiFTl - FiOA.

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The daid receivedat the I/lDl lN terminalcan be displayedin rAaliime,in eitherhexadecimalor ASCII
notalion.Thestatusbytesappearon a bluebackground. Thesysiemis automalically setlolhismode
wFenll-epowFris lurnedon.
* To swiich to this mode,pressthe @ key iJ a Help screenor the FilterEditscreenis displayed.
Thiswill switchto either the Monitoror Memory Dumpmode. Fromihe lremoryDumpMode,simply

t
I
r l'l..c. o+41
Ful t DFo++ IlFo+l DurP t
. HelF i.c.o
I

willbe displayed
A KEYON/KEYOFFsequence likeihisl
@3cao@3coo
The stalus bytes(blue background)indicatethe messagetype In ihe aboveexample,the Jirsi daia
byteindicatesthe pitch whilethe secondindicatesthe velocity(volume).

In this iexi w€ assumethal the reader has some basic knowledgeregardingthe lvlDl encoding
standard. encodlngstandardwillbe givenin the Appendixof thismanual.
A summaryol the l\,4lDl
Formore;nformation, pleaseconsullthe booklei"WhafsMlDl published by Yamaha-

Hexadecirnol & ASCII Notations

Pressthe E key to toggle belweenhexad€cimaland ASCIInotation.You will usuallypreferthe
hexadecimalnoiation becausethe displaycannot be read in ASCIInoiation,However,the volcesof
lhe DX7are displayedin full; BRASSfor example,uses5 characters.ln hexadecimalthis will reacl4:l
52 41 53 53. The ASCIInotationis then uselullo lemoorarilvchecklhe voicenames.

In the Moniior mode,data akeady displayedon lhe screenare not properlyupdatedby pressrng
the E key.Besureto selectthe Hexadecimalor ASCIInotationBEFOREstartingdata reception

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 39 40 9A 39 AB 9A 3?
B9 90 35 40 9B 35 00 40 rte 3? Eg dl 35 40 ne 35 69
9A 3? BA 9A 38 49 90 Aa 3? 4A AA 3? 99 6a 31 40 rtE
39 48 9A 39 AS 9A 3? 3B 90 ria 39 40 nA 39 0O 6e 3?
aB 9B 31 1A 96 3? @B 6e 3? 4B riE 3? aa
9S 38 6A 98 3C 4A 9B nE 31 4a 6e 3! OA oE 3{ 4A 6e
31 99 96 3C BO 90 3C 33 40 6e 38 BB 6a 3a A9 i'a 3C
46 9A 3E A4 90 3C AO 40 nd 3E 40 6E 3E 00 ttE 3C 06
99 33 6A 9A 3E 48 9A ne 3E 4B 6e 3t S0 6ts 3E 49 de
3t 49 90 3a g0 90 39 3E 90 6E 3! 49 oe 3A AB 64 39
00 91 3c 4s 90 3c 00 49 6a 39 90 6E 3C 40 iiA 3a 0A
96 39 6g 99 3? 46 9A 6E 3 9 4b 6e 39 60 tiA 3? 4a 6E
29 46 96 39 66 9B 37 37 gg nt 3
g9S 49 6E 39 00 tia 3?
00 96 3
g5S 49 90 35 B0 4A At 3? de 35 4E iiE 35 AB
9g 37 9A 3? 4S 9A
35 40 90 35 0A 96 34 3? 99 nE 3
oa 98 34 4A 96 34 82 4A EA 34 gg 4
5 E
dE
6E
34
35
4A
99
64
6E
34
34
6B
98 3t BB 9S 38 4B 99 6E 35 46 iia 35 60 iii 3A 4b de

t neFoe o++l t er qe o++l

H e1 F t4acro Filter HoId HcoFq HerF ia.ro Filter Hol d Ncoirq

Hexadecmal ASCII

Line Feed Fanctiorl

The MlDlfunctionscan eilherbe wrapped, 10make full useof ihe screenwidth,or d sp avedone
b e r e a l 'l h e o l h e T
r ' r e d e r a r l r s e t t i ' l g i .Lt ls| e
l lr r e @ t " v r o r o g g " b e w e F f u a ^ d L F \ L i l a - F F 0 J .
Notethat messages belweenF7{H)and FF(H)wii not be alignedto the eft margineventhoLghLF
may have beenselected.

9A 3A Ag FE FF

99 3A 9E FE FE
When LF is selecied,the status bytes (excepi
r / ( J \ - t - r - , , d r aa l r g r e ldo l h el a , ln a r g i.
9E 3E 3C FE FE

tfiP.oe
Fi I t.er Hold

Holdins the Di
As ihe dataareinput,thescreenis progresslvelyiilledup (an arrowcrtrsorindicatesthe locaton oi
thelasimessage). Oncelhe screenis fullthecursorreturnsto the uppefleftcornerandwritesthe new
data overihe old.Whenever you wantio ihoroughlyexaminethe data,pressthe E key (lSHlFTl
+ E). Thiswill preventthe displayol new incomingdata.PressE onceaga n to retaunchthe
displaylunction

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Thesettingof the fiter w I be explaned n the "FiltefEdt [.4ode'sectionoi th s chapter'
TheI iterfunctioncan be selto ON/OFFindependently and for the data
Ior lhe datato be dis0Layed
to be sentto the MlDlOUTconnectorTlTe E switches the d sp ay filterON/OFFDepending on the
settlnqDFonor DFoftwi appearin ihe KeyMenuarea
The lF;l kev svr'ltches the MLD OUT flter oN/OFF lonly ettectve I the N,4erge functionis oN)
MFon,'MFotl wiLaopearin the Kev\4en! area
ll DFonor MFonareclisplayed, datafor thed sp ay or thelvllDlOUTterminaihaveio passthroughthe
fi ter Thefilteroulputdependson lhe settingyou haveseectedin lhe F ler Edi mode

MEFCE
EFLE.iI MIDL
o+o

MIDI Meryc Function

The M D Mergefuncton s switchedoN/oFF by meansof the llEll key The statusof the Merge
f!nct on is displayedat the righlsrdeoi lhe screenlustabovethe KeyMenuarea.Thedefaultselllng
i!nctjon s ON, E
is Mergeofi. f the t\,'lefge s activated,and,dependng on whetheryouselecled
MFonor MFotl,theclalawll passthroughor by-pass the M D OUTlermina
thefilterbelorereacfiing
f the Mergelunctions setio oN, the daia received al lhe M D N conneciorcan be mix-odwiih the
datainDUtfromthe computefkeyboard

Mergeofl:onlythedaiainputlromthekeyboar0
MERGE
l3E.Fcil aresentlo ihe MlDlOUTconnector.
Mergeon boththedatainpullrorn thekeyboard
at the M D lN connector
and the dala received
aresentto the MlDlouf connector.

\oI""]
i
S w i t c h i n gl h e l l e r g e l u n c l o n O N / O F Fw l l c e a r i h e m e m o r y( a I d a i a a r e r e s e tt o 0 ) |
I

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 Data ia the Ket)boatd
Datacan be enteredJromth€compller keyboard. Thesedata wil appear n the Commandarea.
eressingtne
F-tiU[Nl leyw]llsendegalclalalotheMlDlOUTtermna,whereas legaldatawitcause
an errormessageto appear Legaldala constiillevaid MlDlmessages.The bytesot a validlvllDl
message mLrst
be separatedby cornmas(,)or spaces.
Thebytesmaybe enieredn eilherdecimaor
hexadecimanotalion.A decimanumbermustbe Jolowedby a decma poini.
Exampe:
F0 and 240.areequivalent
Foran exampe oJdata nputviathe computers keyboafd typein C0,00ana nit the IFETU-nNI
tey i
lhe slaveMlDllnstrument
is setto M D Cha.nel1,lh s [,]Dl messagewillseleclVOICE]
. Edling Funciions
Somecontro keyswi he p yoL quicky correcta text.Thesekeyshavealmostthe samefunction
as in ihe BASICmode The la-Rll key howeverrs not activatedand cannotbe usedfof coniro

Conlro Key
EE N4ove
the cursoracrossthecommandI ne withouterasing
@ Dragslo the leltthe charactersocatedat the cLrrsor positon and at the
r ghi of thisposition\4h;leerasng ihe character
at the ell ol thecursor
lSPAaEl Createsa blank
lta'\4E1 Erases
lhe commandline.
ftELl Deletesthe characlerat the clrsor posiiionand drags the folowng
characters
to the left.
N T o i n s e r t c h a r a c t eTrhse. c o o r o tf h e c u r s ocfh a n g e s t o r eYdo u c a n e x t
ihe nsenmodeby pressing either@ or lH-OMEI.
. TemplaleFunction
A t e m p a t e f ! n c l o ns p r o v d e d t o f u f t h e r e a s e t h e i n p u t o l E
d a lcaht r m ey o ue n l e a
r l i n eo f d e t a
the lineis stored.Presslng the @l keywil causethe same ne to be displayed aga n.
. CreaiingMacroSymbols
t is possible to assgn datalo syrabojc varab es so thatthesesymbols standfoftheassgnedvalLe
n furtherinpul.Sucha def niiionuseslhe equal(:) sign
Example:
Type in V = 80,07 and pressF-iiUnNl

V is delined: lenglh = 02
ThelengthisthenLmbefoi bytesaffected comma(orspace)
to lhesymboV.ltyoLrtorgotthe
between the two bytes,the engthw il be 1 and 07 v! | be dropped.
* A re-definit
on of thesamesyanbowi I erasethe old one
* A previo!sly
def nedsymbolcan be usedto defineothersymbols
Examplel
W = V, 7F wil asslgntheva ue 80, 07,7F to thesymbolW

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lmpodant:
similarto the restrictionsundergoneby the BASIC
The legal symbolsare submitiedto restrictionS

. A syt'nbolis madeoJup to lwo characters,ihe first beinga letterot the Englishalphabetand the
seconoa .affe-ot lhe Englislalphaberor a rumerc
. The nameot existing commands likeLl, AA areillegalsymbols(reierto thelislof commands to
avoid usingconlliclivesymbols).
. Upper case and lower-caseleiterscannot be distinguished(ll and m are
symbols).
. As lhe charactersfromA to F are usedas hexadecimaldigits,iheycannotbe Llsedin combination
wltha numeric of anolhefcharacterfrom Ato Fto deiinea symbol(AA, Fgareinvalid;AVisvalid),

. Lisiingand ErasingSymbols
A re-definilionof a simbol iakes precedenceoverthe old deiiniUon.To erasea symbol iake lhe
followingsleps:
Typein the Ll commandand press|FETUnNl.tne listoi deiinedsymbolswill be d;splayed(lo exit
p.essany [ey).
lr e lsr disolay,
To erasea regisleredsymbol,PC f or instance,type in PC :, and pressl!!M{1.
To eraseall symbols,type in the SC (symbolclear)command,and pressIRETURNI.
Erasingsymbolsis sometimesnecessaryto iree up some raemoryspace ln order lo defineother

To know how much space is left in the symbol memory,type in the FR command and p.ess
IEETURNI.A messageviillindicatehow manybylesare slillavailable.
The spacenecessaryto storethe defjnitionof a symbolobeysthe followingformula:
symbolname (2 bltes) + Lengthof data (1 byie) + one byte per data

Keyboardlnput can sometimesbe shortenedwhen lhe samestitus byte has to be used in con-
seautive
messages. refer1othe AppendixF,lasi noteon "RUNNING
Fordetails, STATUS".

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q#He"/U6.4/-AeYd{-P-Ur[/,P@
The E key s usedto toggleb€tween
the.l\4onitor
and I/er.oryDumpmodes.

62 58 O9 2?

oo aa a6 aE
27 gA AE 93
oa26
2t aa a5 aa

Hex Last Ner! tlFo++ fonit

Help iacro Filler Ncope

TheMemoryDumpmodeis usedlo displaythe datastoredln the memoryWhenthismodeis set.the

datareceived attheM D lNierminalarepreventedfromgolngintothememoryortrombeingdspayed
The[,lenrory Dumpscreenshowslhe datairomthe lastinput.Scro]ling Lp and downcan be car|ed
o I o ) o " . . i n g[ - f l . n o . r ':orle,.
[
T h e d a t a s t o r endt h e m e m o r y , b e J o r e t h e M e m o r y D u r n p m o d e i s tsut ranr e
t adtot hn e a d d r e s s 0 0 0 l .
Eachtimenewdataarestoredin the Monitornrode,the old dala arepLrshed uJrso thal the newdala
can be storedat the bottomof the memoryThe total capacilyol the nremorys 4336bytes
An addressof the AddfessColumnindicates the h ghestaddressof the corresponding I ne of data,
that is.the addressol the leitmostdata.:

Displayedaddress 0008: 53 20 20 20 3'l 20 19 F7

Addressof eachbyte
08 a7 06 05 04 03 02 0 l

Hex.adecimal& ASCII Notation

Thellll keyls usedto togglebelween hexadeclmaland
ASCI notaton Refertolheforrnerparagraph
(ThelVonrtorN4ode)for furtherdetais

o Block of Data
Whenswitching fromthe MemoryDumpmodeto the lvonior mode reception ot new datastarts.A
stringoi 24 EF(H)codesis,howevernseiredbetween the newand the old data.As a receDtion
of 24
consecutveEF{H)codesneveroccurs n MID commLrnication, thesecodeswil constituLea gooo
separator and makeit easyfor youto distinguish
successive
b ocksol lVlDlmessages.
l\.4oreover,
the E and E keyscan be usedin the MemoryDurnpmodeto scrolihe screenup and
downby the amountof one block

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 ine rhe Data
The GEi and PUtcommandsare usedlo re-arrangedata in the mernory.Reiocaiionof daia ls carned
youtransferdata{romthe memoryto lhe PasteBuffer,nexiyousendback
out in twooperations:firsi
the data from the PasteBufferlo the memory.

TheGEtcomrnandis usedto selecia blockof datafromihe memoryand storell lntothe PasteBuffer.

A maximurnof 256 bytescan be transferredat a iime.
Example
Typein cE-8D,95 and presslFETUnNl. I
* A spacemustalwaysbe eft betweena commandand its paramete(s). Parametersmay be se- I
paraleooy a commaor a space,
The two parametersof ihe GE commandindicatethe tirsi and last addresso{ the data to be stored
into the PasieBuffer.

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 oEEE I EE 8E E A gE BE Ba EA gE
EBEE:8E AA qB gE sa aa E9 Eg
99DE: EF EF EF EF EF E EF EF
BAbB: EF eF EF EF EF E EF EF
AACE:EF EF EF EF EF E EF EF
SOC0:96 34 49 9A 34 o
BOEe:40 9A 34
EABE:37 OB 9A
0OA8:98 35 4o
BBAE:48 9a 3B
9998:3? AA 99
BE9g .9E 39 4B
B A A E. A A 9A 31
9
qAg ?ABS::9304 Ag 9o
35 4g
sq?a: gg 99 35
BS68:35 4A 99
Ag66:38 37 AA
9958:48 99 34 4A 99 35 @A 9g
>HE.d Cope: CTRL -5TOP brea k
Hex L3st Nex! llFoff
Help I'l:cro Fil!er

ThePUtcommands usedlo sendthe databackto a specifed fie.noryocation.

Example:
Type n PU -100 and pressthe |F.TuRNlkey.
T h l s w l s e n d t h e d a t a p r e v o u s l y s i o r e d i n t h e P a s i e B u J J e r b a c k l o t h e rTnheem
p aorray r n e l e r
of the PlJtcommandndicates the top addressoi the newlocaton

@LLe:gO gg AB AA E B EE AE AE
B!!g: gO o@ B@ O g A gg 8g A
g A B8
6168: Bg e0 B@ @ @s a g a a g
EI.BE.35 +B 99 3 5 90 9S 39 40
EEFA 96 6E a o g o @ @0 0 0 0 6 0
AAFB: AO AB E E AE Eg E g 6g g A
EBEE:qg BB gE AE E A gE S E gE
EEEE:gE gS @ g @ @ g o @ @a @ B a
B B D S :E F E F EF EF EF EF EF EF
A B D A :e F e F EF EF EF EF EF EF
@ @ C eE: F E F EF EF EF EF EF EF
EBC6:96 34 4g g 9@ 34 @g 9g 34
EAAS:49 9B 34 g 9g 31 4@ 9@
@ @ B @ : 3 7A A iB 37 4g 98 31 BB
0048:90 35 4@ 9@ 3J EA 98 3E
EEAE:49 9a 39 B@ 9g 37 49 9A
BBgE:37 Bg 9E 35 4A 90 35 0@
9899:98 39 49 9E 3? 4S 90 39
SSAS:SS 9A 37 EE iE 34 4B iA
)HErd C o p g : C T R L- S T O P b r e E k
Hex Lest Next flFo++ nonit
HeIF I'licro Filter HcoPg

Cleaing the Memon:

Therearetwowaysof c ear ng thenremory:sw tch ng ihe lvlergefLrnct
on ON/OFFn thel,,1on
tormode
or enterng the CL commandfromeitherthe [,1onlor or the trlemoryDLrmpmode
Notethatswitching iromtheklemoryDumpmodeto theMonlor modeallowsyouto slarlwrthan empty
screenbui doesnol eraseanythingn the memory.

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 -25 -
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Rlock Di.
hF olow g d ,hows he ope'arionor lhe V.Dl\,4acro
Aosemble'
"grdn

M D M O N I T O F . .. .. ..

../ o ouMP

GEI

tvoMAcBo.. -.

OBJECT
DATAO

26
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 You may relrievean old block of daia previouslysavedon cassetlelape, Data [,lemoryCartidge
or floppydisk.
r"r rir","o"*.unn o"t€usinq
thelM
The

easywritingand understandingofthe sourcedata @.

ln lhe commandmode,you haveaocessto lunchonssuchas Assemble @ (performing the con-
i/ersionsourcedata + objectciata)orOu-tpu1
(sendinqthe objecldata @ to the [/lDlOuT ierminal
@).
The Filemode is usedfor saving/loadingeilher the sourceor objectdata The obiectdata saved
in this modecan be usedwith the lVlDlRecorder(YFM-301)orlhe RXEditor(YRlVl-302).

ponanr
In this manual,"sourcedata" refersto the dala you actuallyediit whiJe"object data' refersto the
dataI hatcan be actuallytransmittedto a MlDlinstrument. Thesourie dataconsistof N,4lDl
messages,
symboJs standingforMlDlmessages (yoi maydetinethesesymbols In theEdt mode),andcomments
you mightwish to insenlor easierundersianding.The objecidata consistol pure I/lDl messages
in hexadecina' noration.

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Thefollowng i lustration screensof the MlDllVacroAssembler.
showshowto switchlo the different

EditMode

CommandIlenu
(HelpScre-"n)
!rI'rr9.tore di'tect9re. blocL
1Q)ecPs h.n coPe lml to.r'-1r_
i.ijiFiifftil:i .illift'T1"fi"f.5"i.r.:
n,n= block* / a= r-rz.e.r,eF aB-.4O,

FileN,4ode

Thesescreenscanbeprintedoutbyusngthe@key
RefertoChapter2,
HardCopyofthescreens,,

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Whenyou switchyour systemirom lhe i\,IlDlMonitorto the fvllDlMacro Assembler(by presstngthe
E key),you are in the Commandmode oi the l\,{lDlMacroAssember. This mode disolavsa list of
lhe available
commands.

96pi@ nidi 9,.r,t

ts
E :Ftnt +tun tn1 io lnl
fr,n- bl@klt / = t..e step (9..40)

*iu' ?:n",io. E;rrr".6; f :xc"',

Available Operations
In the Commandmode,the followingoperations
can be carriedout:
. Sourcedala assembJy
. Objectdataoulput
. Objectdatad:splay
. Datablockmanagement
Screend splay
Delete
copy
Swap
Printout

Eow to Enter a Comhtarnd

TheleJicolumnof the HelpMenuindicaies theavailable
commands andwhichparametertsl you may
enteralongwith the cornmand. The full nameof eachcommandis disptayed ontyfor easyunoer-
slanding:when enteringa command,jusi typethe upper-case
tette(s)of thecommand.
Exarnpie:
Sedll(SymbolEdit)rtype
in S.
AspaceI'etween a commandsymbolanditslirstparameteris mandatory, Whena commandreq!ires
lwo parameters,inserta comma betweenthe oarameters.
Alier typinga commandand its paramete(s),pressthe JFEiURNIkeyto enterthe command

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JHE-E-DWA'D'E
S is usedwhenyou
To switchJromthe Commandmode 1othe Editmode,eniertheS or E command.
wantloeditthemacrosvmbolstobeusedinyoursourcedaia;Eisusedloractualeditingofthesour
data.

TSVI1BOLTAILE INFORI'IATION]

5
1

72

l tlane e'ForL 3 serbol ! (oegl. ->'P\rt

SymbolEditScreen

I!LoCKINFoRIIATIoNI Font

2
3
5
7

7
1 : N . n e ? ' F o h ! 9 ' s e h b o l 4 : e o p e L .- t p ' r t

SourceData EditScreen

the Soarce Data

To edlta blockof sourcedaia,enterihe E comrnand
{olowedby a blankspaceand the numberof
the blockyouwantto edit.
Example:
E..6 IFETURNI
TheblocknumbersrangeJrom1 to 16,andihe selected
blocknumberwlllbe displayed
on the Source
Data Edii screen.

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 ll you om I the blocknumber,thisspecilication
willdefautiio the tasiediiedblock(or block#j if you
enterthe E commandfor the fjrsttime).

Justenterihe
S commanO,rUO",n unOOr"ffi
Arrediting
operations "
(withtheexception
of the nameand font registrat
on) arecarriedout as rorthe
SourceDataeditingand wi be explained
taier.

youarejnEditmo."(aorr""O"t"orrffi
When
corresponorng scTeen.
. Pressing the @ keysendsthe cursorlo the CommandAreaof the samescreenand swltches
the systemto the Commandmode.you maVthenentera command.
* ll you do nol rememberthe nameof ihe comrnand you wantto enter,pressthe E keyto go
oacKIo tneHe o screen.
* lf you mistakenlypressed
the @ keywh e ediiingMacrosymbolsJorinstanceiusrenrerthe
S commandagain.
. Pressinsthe keywhiteed ling lvacro symbotsll/iliswiichthe systemto the SourceData Edit
@
screen(seeNotebelow).
. Pressing the E keywhileeditingSourcedatawil switchthesystemto the SymbotEdtlsoreen.

SymbolEditScreen SourceDataEdttScreen

Help[4enu CommandMode

e effectof the @ keyduring SymbolEditingdependson how the screenwas accesseo

Accessed bytheS command+ Backto Commandmode.
Accessedby the E key (fromthe SourceDaia Edjl screen)+ Back to the Data Editscreen.

Thefollowingexplains
the useof speciatkeysthat makeit easyto editdaia in eitherSourceDataor
SymbolEditmode.

. Cursor Moyemenl
Uselhe cursorkevs m. ffl ll ..a fJ
atrolt/-ma.\,
erceplin the,olowilqcrrcL1lsdtr(e5:

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 cursorwillnot respondii
E of a block
at lhe end of the lastsentence
E at the beginningof the lirst sentenceot a block

m ot a block
in the firstsentence

u in the lasl sentenceof a biock

. Scroll"up/Scroll-dotrn
rne lSHlFTl + U (m) keyswil rnovethe cursorto the beginningof lhe nexl (previous)page

rhe@ +E (El) keysenableeditingof the next(previous)

datablock

lsntrfl + p
rrmrnnnrurrrmrrrrrr uunnnnrrmurlt,

2 15

.ll||||||||l|||""'m
@]+ E lrrrlrllllllrrrlllnrrrrrtll

. Back Space
PressingE will deleteone characterto the left of the cursorand drag the characiersoi th-allnefrom
the cursorpostionto the endoJthe linebackonecharacter spaceto the leii

. Delele
Presslngihe E] key will cleletethe characterthe cursor is over and drag the rest ol the line one
characterto the lefi,
Pressingihe lSFlFil + @ keyswill deleteall the characterso{ lhe lineand moveihe f ollowinglines
one posiiionup.

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 @ + E willdeleteallthe characters
of the lineio the fight of the cursorposition.

a lnsert
Pressthe N key to toggle betweenlhe insed and write-overmodes in insertmode,the cursor is
yellow,Typingone charactern insedmoded sp aysthe characterat lhe cursorpositon and moves
lhe restof the ine- andthe cursor- onecharacter to the r ghi.
eressing@ + N createsa blank ineand movesthe linesoneposjtiondowniromthecursor
pos|l|on,

. Line Break
Pressingthe IFEiUFNI key in the m ddle of a line movesthe rest ot the line to the beginnrngor ine
nextI ne,andthe subsequent linesone posiliondown.

Use of the Fanctio Keys

. Swltchlngfrom lhe Source Dsta Edlt Scr€ento the SymbolEdit Screen.

PressjngE switchesfrornthe SourceData Edt screento the SymbolEditscreen.Whenthe Symbol
Editscre€n thatway,pressing
isaccessed ihe @ keywiI notactivate
theCommand modebutswttch
back to ihe SourceData Editscreen.

. Llne Copy/Paste
Pressinglhe @ key sloresihe current ine. Pressingthe E keywill wrjte ihe siored tinelrorn the
currentcursor oosition.

. Pasle gutfer Copy

TheEkeywillcopytheconteniofthePasteBulJerJromlhecurrenlcursorposition.Dataaresi
in the PasteBullerwhllethe MlDlMonitorprogramis in use(cEt command).Thisfeatureprovides
yoursourcedata.
an easywayto inilialize

. Name Registratlon
EachbLockof Sourcedatacan be assigned a name.ThisnamewiLlbe usedby the Yamahat\,1tDt
Fe-
corderor RXEditorto selectthe file to be toaded
Pressinqthe E keyin the SourceData Edit mode firovesthe cursorto the B ock NameArea.Type
in the name (6 characters)and pressthe [geTUntrtlt<ey.
* Pressing@ insteadof IBEiURNI cancelsthe nameinput and restoresihe old name
* ThefolloM/lng
characiers
are available
forthe blockname:
A-Za-2.0-9

. Patlern (FonUReglstratlon
Eachblockcan be assigned a specialpaitern.Whenyou inserta MlDlMacroin the ChainModeot the
YamahaMlDlFecorder (YR[/-30]),ihlsspecialpaiiernwil be disptayed so ihatyoucan eastiytocate
and identifythe l\,4Dl Macro
Pressing the E keyenablesthe PattefnEdiiing.usethe cursorkeysto movethecursoracrossthe
big box at the upperrightcorneroi the screen.Usethe spacebar to swiichone dot ON/OFF. White
you edit ihe pattern,a real sizecharacteris disptayedal the teft of the big box. pressthe IFETUFNI
kevto entertheDattern.

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* The sizeoi the Patternis 16x16bits.Flowever,the righi verticalline and the botlom horizontalline
are used as separaiorsfor the MlDl Recordelsdisplay The box perirnetermay be edited but ihe
abovementioned llneswillbe resetto lhelrdefaullwhendlspayedby the lVlD R€corder'
Thefollowingkeysfeaturernterest ng editingfunctions:

lFbMEt 90' rotaiion,coLrnterclockwise.

N
@ verticalreflecton oJthe Pattern
+ m, m,
lSHrtrfl ln the direciionof the arrow(32x 32 bll period).
translation
l+j, L]l
lrABl in tializaton (onlvlhe two abovementioned
llnesappear)

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Let'stry oul a few simpleexamplesto illustratehow the MlDlllacro Assembleris working.

In the fol owingexampes we assumethal a DX7- or otherMlDlkeyboard - and a YamahaFB-01

are usedas sourceand slavelnstrumentsrespecliveV,
Any systemcan be sel by using Syst€mExclusivelvessages.However,in order to make it easrerfor
youto usethefollowing examplesevenifyoursystem is noitheabovementioned systemwewilavoid
usingSystem Exclusive
messages hereandcarryoutthelnitalseltings
bya sequence oi lVlDlmessages.
* Beforestartingwiththeseexamples, setthes avejnslf!ment(FB-O1)to thereception l\,{lDlChannel
1

We wanl to carry the iollowjngsettings:

6
110
0

the MIDI Mes

We are going to createa simplemacro rnadeup of the fol owing rnessages:
ProgramChange(VoiceChange)
VolumeChange
Modulation
WheelControl
So let'sfirst analyzewhat thesemessagesmustconsisiof,

. P.ogram Change
The ProgramChangemessageis madeol lwo bytes:a statusbyteidentityingthe restof the message
andspecifying
the MlDlChannel,
and a daia byiespecifyng the newvoice.
Status: 1 I00nnnn or Cn(H)
voice: 0ppppppp
Sincethe FB-01is setto receptionchannel1 n : 0, and the statusbytesmustbe Co(H)or 192(D).
* MlDlChannelsare numbered from1 to 16,whichcorrespond io the actualtour-bt specifjcalrons
from0 to 15.
The data byte must be 5 if we want to switchto voice #6. The compteteprogramChangemessage
willbe (n hexadecima notation):
ProgramChangerC0
5

. Volume Chgnge
TheVolunre Changeis oneof the ControlChangeMessages and is madeup of threebytes:a stat!s
byteidentifying
a ControlChangel\,{essageand specifyingthe MtDtchannet,a dala byieidentifying
the specitic
control(herevolumechange),and finallya databytespecitying
the newvatue.
Siatus: 101l nnnn or Bn(H)
Conirol#: 0ccccccc
Valuei ovvvvvvv

35
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Sinceihe M Dlchannelsl ihesiatusbyteis B0(H)AvolumechangecorrespondstoControlChange
#7 so that the secondbvteis 7.
To setthevo umeto theva ue of 110,the lhird b),'ie be 6E(N)or 110(D)
nrLlsl
Thecomplete vo umechangemessage wil be (in hexadecinralnotation):
ChanoeB0 7 6E
Volunre

. ModulationWheel Control
The'vloduationWheelControls anotherConlrolChange.ls number:s1. Thevaluebyiemlrslbe 0
Whee io0 The compete moduationWhee Controlwll be(in
f we want to set ihe Modulation
hexadecimal nolaton):
WheelContro: B0 1 0
Modulallon
ol lillDlmessages
Thesequence to obtainthe desiredseltingsis then
necessary
c05
BO76E
8010

Source Data Cot str t:tion

. Slarling lhe Edllor

I the MlDlMonitorprogramls enabled.pressthe E keyto swtch to the MlDlMacroAssembler
program.
Assernber. presslhe @
f yolr are not in the Commandmodeof the M D N,4acro keyonce or twice,
Lrntilyou getthe commandnode.
We a.e goingto wr ie the abovedatain blockL Enterthe E ..1 command.
Typein E -'l and pressIFETURNI.
l f y o ua l r e a dhy a v es o m ed a t a n b l o c k l , s e l e c t a n o t h e r b o c k

. Data Inpul
datamusibe preceded
Eachdaia shouldbe wriiienin sequencefromC0io 0. f'lexadecinral by the$
symbolidecmaldatacan be writtenn the usua way.A dala mustbe separatedfromthe fo lowing

Afterthe ln plt of a completemessage,pressIFEiURNI to go to the nextI ne In tfie caseor a mrsrype,

Lrsethe edii keys(@ for example).
Afterthe lnpLtof thethreemessages yourscreenwi I appearas follows:

IEL0CKIHFoRHaTIoNI Font
l'lo. ane Sire I
al xxxxxx L49 I
1,
2
3
5

9
1B
11
12

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 is concludesthe data input procedures,The text disDlavedon the screenis whai we call a source
a._

Ab6embllng D6la
sourcedala cannot be directlysenl to the [4lDlOUTconnector:you mustfirsi convertthe source
inlo objectdata-This conversionis refefiedto as assembling.
a6sembleyour data,press@ to efiabletheComrnandmo.ie.You maythen pressE to display
iist of the availablecommands.Assemblingis carriedout by the A command.
Typein A-l and pressIRETURNI.
displaytheobjecidata,usetheO command.
I y p ei n O * 1 a r d p ' e s s @ .
ote that all the objectdata are now displayedin hexadecimalnotalion.

Ttansmlttlng the Obiect Data

'ss E lo enabietheCommandmodeand uselh" E ,"y o So backlo ll-eHeiolvanL.
ssionof the objecl data is carriedoul by the OU command.This command accepislwo pa
eters.The first parameteris the block numberspecifier;ihe secondone will be explainedlater
TypeinoU -1 anapressIEETU-FNI.

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l\,{lDidata consistof sequencesof MID messages a MlDlmessagebeingmadeof a statusbyteand
oneor morevaluebytes.Statusand valuebylesare nothrngbul numbersfrom0 to 127(valuebytes)
or Jrom128to 255(statusbytes),Sourcedatawil therefore appeafas a sequence of numbersThe
MlDlf,,lacroAssembler,however,acceptsmany differentwayslor writingthesenumbers,so that yo(]
maychooseihe mostconvenentonefor eachdatato be input.You mayinpLrt numbers, as we did in
theaboveexample, or wrilesymbols standlngfor numbersYou mayevenuseoperationsto generaie
numbersIn many nstancesall thesefeaturesresultin sourcedaia and objectdata that look very
differeni:the objectdaia are pure numbers,displayedin hexadecimanotaiionwhilethe sourcedata
willbe appearas a symbolic text verymLcheasierto understand. Forthe sourcedaia inp!t you wil
usewhatwecallhereamacrolanguage asysternolsymboLicwrling easierlo handlethan pure
numbers.WhenyouaciivatetheAcommand.yoursymbolicsourcetextwillbecorrecllyconverie
p!re numbers(the objectdaia readyfor iransmission),providedihe programis able to understand
the meanrng of yoursourcetext.Therulesgoverning a correcinputoi ihe sourcedataarewhatwe
call here,thesyntax ot the macro language.lf you respectthe syntaxrules your sourcetext will be
properiyassembled, if not,assemblingwijlbe mpossibieor willprodLrce
unwantedresults.
Thesyntaxs thesubjeclof thissection. Werecomraend youcarelullyreadthefollowing explanatons.

Input of Co sta ts
Aconstanlsanumericvalue.lntheaboveexample,ouTsourceiextwascTeatedbyinputof
only.Asyounoticedwe usedboihdecimaland hexadecirna notaUon, accordingtowhchnotaton
waslhe mosiconvenieniThereareacluallyfourlegalnotaiionsfor the consianls.

. Decimal l{olalion
Simplywritethe numberas you usuallydo: usingd giisfrom0 to 9 withoutanyprefix.
Decimalnotaiionis the mostconvenientfor valueslikevolumesettingor controlnurnbers
Examplel
$80,7, 110(7 : yollrmecontrol#; 110: settng value)

. HexadeclmalNotalion
The iable of I\,llDlmessagesusuallygivesthe slatus byte n hexadecimalnotation.Thls nolationwill
theretorebe most usefu whenwritinga statusbyte
A hexadecir.alconstantstartswith the $ prelixand usestwo d giis,irom 0 io I or A to F.
Exampe:
$B0,7,110(SB0: Coniro Changestalusbytefor L4lDl
Channe1)
* A Channelmessage stalusbyters mosteasilyinterpreted
in hexadecimai
notaiion:thelirst digit',
''8"iniheaboveexample,announcesaControlChange;theseconddgit, 0", nd cateslhaichannei
1 is afteciedby thismessage.

. Binary Nolatlon
Binarynotationusesthe % preJix,
and is madeoi I digits(1 or 0). Th s notationshouldbe usedon y
Jorveryspecificdata whereeachsinglebit is assigneda specialmeaning. To turn the operators
of
the FB-o1ON/OFFlor example, you needa valuethal hastheJollowing binarystructure:
: re evantbilj 0 : unusedbits)
Theorderofthe operators
is4 3,2 1
Examplei
(turnsON OP4,OP3andiurnsoi{ OP2 OPI)
% 01100000

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7
In decimalnotaiionth s valuewi I read96- and is hardto relatewithihe desredeffect.

. Key Name
Thiswllbeusedtorpilch
ndication.lfyouwanttoseiapitchtoA#l,forexample
inaNoteONmessage,
you mayof coursespecifythe hexadecjmal
codenumberoi the key($2E).
ThelVlDlMacro,however,
allowstoramucheasierwaymerelylnputlhenameoflhekeywiththe'prefix(apostrophe).
Exampes:
'ca (: $3c)
'A#1(: $2E)

C3 is the nameof middleC fteferto the keynotetablein AppendixD).

TheJirstcharacierndicates ihe note the numberspeciJies
the octave
Use# lor sharpsand b for ilats(A#3,Db2).

Ch.vacter s
Whenever
theinputof a characterstring
sreq!ired(voicenarneoftheDX7,forexample),
usequotation
marks
Exampe:
"aRASS"
TheA commandwillreplaceeachcharacieroJthestringby itsASC|lcode
"BRASS" + 42 52 41 53 53 (hexadecmal)

Using Symboh
Oneof the mostpowerfulfeaturesol the MacroAssember is iis abilityto acceotsvmbolsinsteadof
a rawsequence of numbers,
lhere are lwo krndsoJsymbois, globaland local.Globa symbolsare defrnedin the MacroSymbol
Editscreen,accessed by the S commandt localsymbos aredefinedn eachindv dua blocKor oara.
TheA command refersto theGlobalSymbolTable in orderioconvertthesyanbolintonumberswnenever
il appearsA localsymbol,however, will be converted intothe contentsii was assignedn the block

Therefore,youwlll useglobalsymbos for the sequences

of n!mberswh ch appearlrequently
in any
ol your sourceb ocksiyou Vvilluselocalsymbos whenyo! want lhe samesymbolto be assigned
ditierentcontentsn eachblock.
Todefineaglobasymbol,usetheScommandtoswtchtotheMacroSymboEditorfypeinthen
ol vour(yn bol I e equatstqn.l'en lhe vo,Jd
Example:
EOX = $F7
lf you wantthe symbolto be assignedmorethanone value typein thesevaluesbetween< and >
oracketsseparating successivenumbersby a comma.
Example:
Sample : <$F0, $43,$00,$01,gF/>
To definea local.symbolinsidea sourcedatab ock,proceedin thesameway.Besure however tai
of a symbolappearsln yourtextbeforetheJirstutilzaton.
the deflnition

39_
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 . The lengih ot a symbolcan vary. Howeveronly the first four charactersare taken into consid-
eralion:
AAAABand AAAACcannot be differeniiated
However,it is olien convenientto usesymbolsmadeof rnorethan 4 characiersior easeol un_
derstanding (exarnple:SAMPLE ). Becarelulnotto defineanothefsymbolstarlingwithlhe same
four characters.The availablecharaciersare resiricl€dtol
A - Z, a - z,a - 9, - (underscore)
and the firsi charactermust be a letter.
. Upper-case and lower-case letterscannotbe distinguished
. A previously definedsymbolmayappearin the definilion of a newsymbol

ooeratorscan be appliedto one or two operands. is activated,lhe

Whenthe A cornmand operation
i- caIliedoul a'rdits esull"uo"li J Fo lor Il_eerpreosion.
Constantsandoneb!4esymbolsarevalidoperands(applyinganoperaiorioasymbolthatisassi
morelhan one byteol data is invalid).
Thetollowing tablegivesa listoi the avaiableoperators.

Operator Operation Example/Commenis

Symbol
[/ ult plicalion $20r<2+ $40
Division $10/2+ $08
+ Addition s90+6-+s96
Subtraciion 68 34 J $22
Two'sCornplement $40 + $C0
$40 : % 01000000
I
Reverse
eachbil

% 1 0 1 i 1 11 r
J
Add 1 (discardany carry over beyondthe MSB)
I
% 11000000
I
sc0
Bit Reversion r$00+ $FF
Loglca AND between
AND % 1001AND% 1100--+% 1000
homologous bits
LogicalORbetween
OR bils % 1 0 0 1O R% 1 1 0 0+ % 1 1 0 1
homologous
LoOicalOR(exclusive)
xoR 1001xOR% 1100- % 0101
betweenhomologousbits "/o

* For moredetaisaboullogicaloperatorsand twos complernenl, manuals(what

refertoyourBasic
operandsapp iesherefor one byteoperands).
appliesin Baslcfor two-byte

40
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Two's complernenlof a one-byleis used as a consistentrepresentalionof a negativevalue.The
readercar edsrlychecklr e Io lowingdenlily:
A B:A+( B)
whereA andB arebothone bylevalues, of B.(Discard
and(-B) isihetwos complement anycarry
over beyondthe [,1S8.)

The DHL Function

DHLfunciion splitsits afgurnentjnto lwo bytes.The argumentis writtenin bracketsand its value
st fit on 14 bits.
rnple:
DHL <150> + $01,$20
o understand
thisresultlet'swrite160in binarynotation, on 14 blls.
:
160decimal 00000010100000 binary,14 blls
, let'sspl:tthe two halvesol lhe binarynotation.
% 0000001 , % 0100000

$01 $20
(High7 bits) (Low 7 bits)
rheinp rl of he BylFCoun,whenLsinS8u t ddlaw lh YandhaSyslem
is functionis usedro simplify
usivemessage.The functionallows{or easy input of a value higherthan 127io be encodedon 2
oi 7 signilicantb,ts
AMAHABULKDATAFORI\IAT
11110000 Status: FO(H)
01000011 lD:43(H)
0000nnnn n - ChannelNumber
Offflflf t : F o r m aNt u m b e r
obbbbbbb l b:Byteoounl
0bbbbbbb -- (Numberof Bytes)
oddddddd d: Dala
l
odddd.ldd ---l
oeeeeeee e:CheckSum
111'10111 FOX:F7
(ample:
Whenlhe Bulkcorresponds to voicedata,the formatnumber: 00(H),and the nurnber
of bytes : 155:
$Fo,$43.$00,DHL< 155>, data.....,
data,checksum,$F7
Thechecksum is ihe twos complement ot the lower7 biisof the datasum

-41 -
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 DHL<value>-bytel,byte2canbeeasilyrelatedloBasicexpressionsasfollows:
bytel - value\128(\ iniegerdjvision)
byte2: valueMOD 128

. The DLH Functlon

TheDLHfunclionworksin lhe sameway as the DHLfunctionbutthe lower7 bil bytecomesiirst.

DHL <$2000> + $40,$00

DLH <$2000> + $00,$40
Thisfunctionis usefulto matchiheiormatofthe PitchBendervalue. Thestalusbytefor the Pilch
Benderis $E0and is followedby the bytesof daia Thesetwo byiescan encodevaluesfrom $0000to
$3FFFand ihe lower7 bil bytesmustcomef rst.

Eachtimeyouhavesomedoubtabouitheresultof afunctionoran operation, youmaytemporarily

inpLrt
thecorresponding thisblock(A command),
datain an unusedblock,assemble andthenhave
a look at the obiectcode (o command)

InserrtngCornrizrrts
A sourcedata textthat you are creatingtoday may includesymbolscorrespondingio complexoper-
alions.lf you are to retrievethe sameiexi o ne monthatter,yol-rwill welcomecommentsgiving delailed
explanationof what the text and symbolstandfor.
A commenistartswiih a ; (semi-colon). Anydatafollowinga semicolon,and belonging lo lhe same
l;ne,wjllbe considered as a commentand\{illbe discarded by the A command.
This ls quiie similarto the REIVstaiemenloi Basic.

42-
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Assemblngand transmitting were outlinedin a previousseciionof thls chapter(,,Operation
Guideine ) Fo iowing,aresomedeiais abouttheseoperations

whenthesourcedatalnpLt s completesw tch to the commandmode(andpressthe

@ xeytr you
rani theCommandf\,Ienu to be disDlavedl.
Type n A. a space.the numberof lhe b ock to be assembed then pressIRE-UFNI.f Vouornrrrhe
t o.. lr 1b.r r')a d-t aotraooto I a I o- asseroed

SourceBlocks

SOURCE

ASSEIj/BLE a -2
=

OBJECT

ObjectBlock

* To assembe al lhe blocksLrse the AA command(withoutparameters)

lf assemblingcan be carriedoui (no errorin the sourceclata).
ihe messageCompeter appears
n the message area Otheruisean errormessage appearsin the folo\'|/rng
Jormal
error message[b, ll

Fora rstof the efiormessages

pleasereferto theAppenctlx

the Obiect Data

Tod sp ayoneblockol objecidata usetheOcommand
Yo! mayspeciJythe
b ock numberolhelwise
lhe asl assembled
blockwi be d so aved.

IBL0CKlNFoRllATIoNl Font I lLock iHF0RIIATIONI Foht

Ho. l.lEhe Size No, HEhe Sire I
E1 lxxxxx 149 _ l Ot txt xxx 4E l
t B@@CE A5
2 001
3 EE2
5
as3
@84
'/6 aa5
8A6
s 8E?
9 sBe
1b BE9
91S
t2 sLl-

43
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 ittinP the MIDI Dat.r

Usethe OUt Lout of SOutcommandto sendthe objectdatato the MlDlOUTconnector.

You mayspecifythe b ock aumber.When
lhe bLocknumbers oraitted,lhe lastassernbled
blockwil

OU lransmts one blockonce

L y, with an inlervalof aboul3 secondsbelweencon
lransmisone blockrepetitive
transmissions.
secutive
SO iransmts a singe byleeachtimeyoLpressthespacebarafterentering ihecommand.
Wiihthe OU and L commands,you mayspecifyan inlervalof timebelweeneachslep
Exampe:
OU-1,4 (oulpulblockI withan intervaof 4secondsbetweeneachstep)
Theintervalranges
from0 to40 seconds.

. Toabortiheiransmission,
pressthe@ + lsToFlteys.
. Thestepcurrenlly
beingtransrnitted
is displayed
in red in thelowerrlghl-hand
cornerof the

www.cx5m.net
Ihe comraandsistedin the lowerpad of the FtetpMenLr are ut litycornrnands
theyprovde the too s
'or re-arrangrngyour b ocks Eachof thesecommandsacceptslhe prefixO (oblect).A conmand
drthoutth s prefxrvil be app iedto the sourceb ock{s)

Block Direct
-he D coramand
d sp aysa ist of ihe b ocks

1l :5?
--:ti
r l
51"'5si

?;r,..i"."I iri r." +.

D Command ODCommand

I h e f o n t , n a m e a n d l e n g t h ( n b y l e s ) o f e a c h b l o c kaasst h$ e/ ei ot l a i l e n g t h o t y o u r . l a t a a r e d i s p t a y e d .

a Block
TheK cornmands usedto efasea s ng e block The b ock nLtrnbefmlrstlje specf ed otherwsean
errormessage appearsAlteryouenterlhe command.ihe corresponding (so!rceor obiect)directory
appears,
w tlr tlremessageAre you sur€? PressIRETUPNI ro conl rm or anotherkeyto abort.

C. a Elock
TheC commandallowsyou to copyone blockto another. Thefirstparameternd catestne oroclrro
be copiedithesecondparameter indicatesthe destnationblock
Examplel
C -1, 2 cop es block1 on block2

t.1ooTonr _ -l
by .redataof the Oo"t to n"
] Thedeslnationblockdalaw tt be erasedand reptacecl
"opr.O
Omittlng one parameter wil resulttn an efformessage.
4li9l you enter the C command the directoryappearswth the messageAre you sure? press
IF-EJURN] to confirmor anolherkeyto abon

45
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 Two Blocks
The SW commandallowsyoLrto exchangetwo specjJiedblocks.The parametersspecifyingthe two
b ocks mav not be omiited.
Allhoughthisoperation (reversible),
is harrnless thedirectory andyouarerequesled
appears, toconlirrf
or cancellnecommanos.

intinp Blocks

TheP commandailowsfortheprintingofoneor moreblocks.Theparameters andlasl

specifyihelirst
blockto be printed.
Example:
to greenduringprintlng,
P,1, 3 printsblocks1,2,and3 andturnsthescreenbackground
* To printonyoneblock enteronlyoneparameter(i.e.p-1)
* To prinithe globalsymboltable,enierP- 0

presslaTB-fl + lS-oPl THENTURNTHEPRINTER

To aboritheprlntingoperatlon, o FFAND oN
to cleartheDrnterbutter.

ol printout
Example

s$URcEBL0CK H0.81 tRxlnchl 941 Ht

aa@r
aaaz
a @ 4 3R X P C = < $ F, $04 5 , $ 1 0 , 3 >
@@@4
@ a a 5S D1 =1 1 6
@@46 SDHV=@
SD, I ' 4 D,=S1D LI - 2 , S D H T = 3
@@@7
aa@aB D 1 = 1 1 8
aaa9 BDt'41=0, BDt'12=1 , BDHVY=2
aa@A
a@aBH H C L = 1 2 0
a@ac H H C l - 0 ,H H C 2 =,1H H P D = 2
aaaD
aaaEH H O P = 1 2 1
aaaF H H O 1 =,0H H 0 2 = 1
aa10
a a I l E0X=$F7
aa72
@ar3
aa74
a a 1 5R X P C, S D 1, S D H VE, O X
a a 1 6R X P CB, D 1, B D I ' 1, E
1 OX
a a t T R X P CH, H C L , H H C l , E O X
A A I B R X P CH, H O P , H H O l , E O X
aa19

-46
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As an exampe ietstryto createdaiafor swrtchng the nstrument
tirnbreof a YamahaRX-ll, andlhe
coniiguration
dala for the YamahaFB-01.

RX.l1 INST
we wani to producethe followingsettngson an RX I1:
Suppose
SDl + HEAVY
BD] + [,4ED UN,41
+
H HC L O S E C L O S E D l
H HO P E N+ O P E N ]

. Creatinglhe Source Data

. F rsi,switchto the SourceDataEditrnode,block1
E -1 IFETURNI
Thealrovesetilngis carriedout by a SyslemExcLrsive
lvlessage
havng thefo towingtorm! a:

1 1 11 0 0 0 0 F0(H) Status
0100001 ID
0001nnnn 1n(H) S!b-stalus
n = [/]DlChannel
00000011 03(Fr
) G I o u pa n dS u bg r o u pN u m b e r
oppppppp 0p(Fl
) Parameler Nurnbef
0 d dd dd dd 0d(H) Data
rr110111 F7(H) EOX
Thefirstbyte,F0(N)announces a SystemExcus ve Message
Thesecondbyteidentifes the manufaclurer:Yarnahas lD numbers 43(H)
Thethirdbyte givesthe sub-status
andthe l,,4lDl
channe. Thesub-statLrs
requiredhere s 1
Thegroupand sub-groupnumbersind catelhe typeof data Foran RX-lI thismustbe 3
Theparameter the lypeof parameter
nufaberindrcates
TheDatabyleprovdesthe va ue ol the parameier
Thelastbyte ndicatesthe EndOf Exclusve message
Noteihat for eachmessage of thistypethai we haveto createthe firstfo!r bytesw I be denticalif
y
l h e ya p p t o t h es a m eM D c h a n n eT. h e r e t o r tei .s s u t a b l e t o d e f i n e a g l o b a t s y m b o t i o r t h e s e b y t e s
. Swltchto the SymbolEdt screenby pressing lhe B key
Inputthe lollowing:
RXPC= <$F0,$43,$10,$03>
FXPClRX-11Parametef Change)now standsior the i rstfour bvtesoJolrr rnessages,
and wit be
recevedon channell.
Theiwo nextdata(Parameter NLrmberand Data)useonlyone byteeach,so we clonot needlo clefine
a symbofor lhese.lloweverdefintnga syrnbofor eachof thesedatawil makeour souroetexlreao

Typein thefo lowing

sD1 - 116
SDHVY- 0, SDMD = 1, SDLT 2, SDHT= 3
B D 1= 1 1 8
BDMI = 0, BDM2 : 1, BDHVY:
HHCL= 120

4J
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trs$qsgry#w

NNcl = 0, HHc2 : 1, HHPD= 2

HHoP= 121
HH01= 0, HH02= 1
* Theabovevaluesare particularto ihe RX 11
* We have preparedrnorevalueslhan we actualy needlor our purpose This ls however, very
to updatelaler'
lor easymodifjcaion of the sou.cetext,whichwe maybe required
convenient
Nowdefineihe lastsymbol:
EOX = $F7
r-ii cor ' ida: \- oel I i ior o o rr r)l1bol)

ISVI4SOLTAFLE INFORI'IATION]

433
1 RXPC=<3Fa,t43,t18,3)
'5iH0;6
i . sDLI =?,9DHT=3
. sDr'rD=1
5 801=118
6 !Dr'11=9. BDt'12=1,
EDHUV=2
? HHCL=1eo
e HHCI=A , HHC2=1, HHPD=z
$ HFol=6;HHoz=1

Pressthe @ keyto edit block1. Tlreprogramwill checkyourdefintronsat th s slage,and if an

error s found,an errormessage wii appearand lhe previous
screenw ll be displayedagain

Y o u m a y u s e a n o d s y m b o l i n t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f a n e w s y m b o l .flof yr ionusht a vn ecael r e a d y d e

n te d
a symbolPaCh:
PaCh = < gFo,943,910>
for changingthe parameters of a DX7,you maysfrorten the abovedefinition and defineRXPCas
=
RXPC < PaCh,3>

Let'snowwriteour sourcelext.To makeSD1HEAVYsimpy enter

RXPC,SD1,SDHVY,EOX
Thenextinputls as lollows:
FXPC,BD1,BDMl, EOX
RXPC,HHCL,HHCl,EOX
RXPC.HHOP.HHOI. EOX

tBLocK lNFoRl'lffrloNl Font

'fi ['JH""""4 f--_l
ML ]
1- sD1.S
2 BD1,I
3 HHCL,
4 HHOP,
5
6
7
I
9
tg
LL

www.cx5m.net
. Pressthe @ to switchto theCommand
mode.andassembe thedalabyenterngtheAcomrnandl
A ]FtrTI]RNI
fassemblngcanbecarredout,Completel'wilappearaflerapauseoiherwise
an errormessage
w i ind cale n whlch ne of b ock 1 an errorhasbeenfound
. f youwanlto seethe objectdata,entertheO commandi
O IFETIFNI

lllocK INFoRT'lATIoill Foht

'lill"."n f-- l
";i "1'" M L ]

@44
EA'
Bq6
@o?
09e
aa9
Bra
gtL

To checkwhetherth s l\lacroworksor nol yo! needan RX 11 connected

to ihe MlDlOUTof your

oU-1 lR-EruFNl
w i l l sendthe data,and youcan checkthe actua changes.
qx_ | 1r <. lr" -p o syc \ro o\ o o, ,. r .o.o .e do-o

f you wantto saveih s Macro reierlo the nextsecton of th s chapterSlrcha N,4acro

can Oelaiet
fromthe Fi e modeof the RXEditor(YR\,1
retrieved 302).

the FB-01
Lets nowtry to createa configuration oI the FB-o1.
. C o n n e c t t h e l l l D l O l l T o f t h e F B - 0 l t o l h el NMoDf i h e c o m p ! l e r , a n d t l ' r e l v l l D l O U T o f l h e c o m p u i
to the lvllDlN of the FB'01
. SwitchtotheMD M o n t o r p r o g r aN m, 4 o n i t o r m o d e t o l o e n a b e t h e r e c e p t o n o f d a t a J r o m t h e F B
lpressLl / l)
. Operalethe FB-01to effecta b!lk dump.Thedatawlllappearon yourscreen.
. PressE io switchto lhe MemoryDurapmode.Thedatastoredn the memoryshoLrd be Derween
lhe 0001and 00ABaddresses. Thedatashouldconsisiof F0(Fl)43(H)75(H),00(H),00(H)01(N)
..F7(N)
* i you alreadyhad something ln the memory,
tfrestaftand end addresses
w ll be dlfferent
. Transierthe dataintothe PasteBuffer
GE -BO, 1 IRf II]RNI
To checkthatthe dataarecorrecly transJerred
intothe PasteBulter,copythesameclataat a free
locaiionof the merrory
PU,200 IRETUFT.TI

49
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* Aiile nameextensionis auiomaticallyappendediolhe file name:
Sou'ce .lilMs
Objecr ,MMD
This exiensionfill make it easierto identifythe files displayedin the DirectoryArea bui does not
work wiih cassettetape recotders,

52-
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www.cx5m.net
 we adoptedtheJoilowing
In the followinglistsol comrnands, conv€nlions:
. In the "Command"columnwe gve the whole narneof ihe commands.only upper case
characte(s)haveio actuallybe input.
. The "Formal"columnindicatesthe syntaxoflhecommand. Parenthesis
andthe"- " markare
metasymbols.Theydo nol haveto be input. Parenthesisindicatean opt onal parametel - "
indicates
ihat a bJanksoaceis reouired.
. Thee{Jecl of thecommandis described in the "Funciion"column,
. Thedelaultva Lrefor oplionalparamelers is givenln lhe samecolumn,
. ll not otheMisespecified, m and n standfor blocknumbers(1 - 16).

MIDI Monitor

. Commandsavailable in both Monilor and lremory Dump Modes

Command
Clear CL C earsthemernory
FR Returnsthe numberof bytesleft for symbolregistration
Llst LI Displaysthe list of registeredsymbols
SClear sc Erasesa lreglslered
symbols
PR*lype, mode the printerand printermode
SpecJies
type = MSxor EPson
mode : Slngl€or Double

. CommandsAvailable in Memory Dump irode Only

Command
GE-m, n lranstersthe data stored in the memory betweenthe
addresses m and n intothe PasteBulfer
m : start adoress
n:endaoqress m<n
PUt PU* m Copiesthe contentsol the PasteBulterinto the mernory
from the addressm.

54
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MIDI Macro Assembler

Command
C o n v a - r sa t ' o L - . e d a r a b l o ! l . s i n l o o b j e ,I d a l a b l o c t q .
A -(m) Converissourcedatab ock m lntoobjecldatab ock m.
Defaultform the lasted ted b ock.
copy c*m,n Copes the sourcedata block into

Directory D Displaysa tableol the sourcedala b ocks(name,font

length)
Edit E *(m) A l o , ^ so r e d I i l g o ' l h e s o J r - ed " l " b l o c tm .
Defaultfor m:the lastedled bock (or 1 whenstarting
lhe editng)
Ki1 K-m the sourcedatain blockm.
Deleles
Lout L-(m) (,r) Periodicoulpulof theobjecldatab ockm. I istheinterval
(lnseconds) belweentheoutputoftwoconsecullve bytes.
Defaui for m:thelaslassembled block
DeiauI for li 0
Oblect o-(m) D spaysthe oblectdata b ock m.
DefauI for m:thelaslassembledblock
our oU - (m)(,t) oulpul of the objectdata bock m I is the nterval( r n
seconds) between outputof lwo consecutivebyles.
DefauI for m:thelaslassernbledb ock
Defaut for l: 0
ODirectory OD l oJpLlblo.ls(nan" o
Dsplaloctaoleofle l e rg 5 )
OCopy OC-m, n Copieslhe oblectdatab ockm rntotfieobjecldatablock

oKitl O K* m Deletes
theobjectdala in b ock m.
osw OSW-m, n Swapsobjectdata n blocksm and n
OPrint OP*m(,n) Prinlsouttheobjectdatablocksfromm to n.
Defaulttor n: m
P -m(,n) Prinisout the so!rce data blocksfrom m to n
Defa!ltlorn: m
P- 0 Pr ntsoutthelistof globalsymbols.
SWap SW* m, n Swapssourcedatain b ocksm and n.
SOut so-(m) Setthe oblecidatab ock m to slnge stopoulpLrl.
A byte
is transmtled by pressng thespacebar'
Delaulilor miiheiastassembled block
Sedit Switches
to MacroSynrboEditorscreen.

www.cx5m.net
MIDI Monitot Program

. Monitor Mode

Category
Executon E Hexadec mal/ASCI
and
E LineFeedoN/oFF
Sw tch ng E D splayFiterON/OFF
E [,{ergeFiterON/OFF

@ ScreendisplayholdON/OFF
m HardCopy
i\.,llDl
MerqeON/OFFC earsthernemory
l-opEl PrinterDumpON/OFF
L 9 rM - to url printout
Interrupts
Keyc ick ON/OFF
Edir EE Cursormovernent
ITAEI Wrtesthe contentsof lhetemplate
N InsertmodeON/OFF
Characterdelete(cursorstatlonary)
@ Bacl.spaceandcharaclerdelele
lFEruRNl Entersa command
tE!l Cancelsa commandinput
E the He p screen
Displays
tRtrrJRNl Nextpage
Backio Monitormode
Switching E JVernory
Durnpmode
E MacroAssember program
l\,,llDl
@ F ter Editrnode

_56
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lremoryDumpMode

Category
Scrolinq Scroling(oneline)
Scroling(to previous
block)
(to nextblock)
Scrolling
Execution Nexadecimal/ASCll
OutputF lterON/OFF
Switching HardCopy
InlenLptprintoul
Cursormovement
Writesthe contenlsof the temp ate
lnsertmodeON/OFF
Characlerdelete(cursorstaijonary)
Backspaceand characterdelete
Entersa command
Cances commandnpul
Displsys
the Helpscreen
Nextpage
Backto I\,lemory
Dumpmode
Switching lvlonitor
mode
program
lj,llDMacroAssembler
FillerEditmode

Flller Edil Mode

Selected
dataON/oFF

M e s s a g eO N i O F F
ChannelON/OFF
System
Messages
as a wholeON/OFF
Fecallsprevious
setting

Backio lVontor or MemoryDumpraode

www.cx5m.net
 MIDI Macro Assembler

. CommandMode

Category Function
Edit EE Cursormovement
l-ABl Wriiesthe contentsof the lemplate
N lnsertmodeON/OFF
lDEal delete(cursorstationary)
Character
E] BachSpaceand character
deleie
I
lFEru-RN Entersa command
tEsdl Cancelsa commandinput
Execution @
pnnlout
Interrupt
E Displays
Nelpscreen
Swltching
to E lvllDlMonitorprogram

. Flle Mode

Category
Specilicalion MUEE
lREruRNl Selects
an item/enters
a filename
Backto Commandmode

58-
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Edlt Mod6

Category
Edtl M UEE Cutsot movement
+m E
lSHrFI Cursormovement(one page)
+E
ISFIFTI E Cursormovement
{oneb ock)
E Backspaceand character
delete
fN- delete(cursorstaiionary)
Character
lsFfltril+ EELI Deletes
oneline
to the r ght ol the
Deletesall the characters
cursor
N lnsedmodeON/OFF
lsnrtril+ lrNSl Createsa blanklne belowthecursor
lFEru-FN
I Linebreak
E Storesthe linelhe cursoris on
E Wr iesihecontenisoi the PasteBufferatlhe
cursorposilron(sourcedataediting)
@ Writesthe I ne sloredby E
Fegstraton E B ock narne
E Blockfont
E Swtchesto theSymbolEdI screen
Execution L! Vi

Icinrl + lsioFl printout

Interrupts
Exit LE9II Backto Commandmode
FontEdit MUEE
15PrcE B ue/Whitedot
IDEII Reflection
N
lnbMEl 90orotation(coLrnterc
ockwise)
FHrm+mU (32x 32 dots)
Perodictranslaiion
EE
IFETOF_NI Entersthe font
Cances the fonl registration

59
www.cx5m.net
*fu ,cRR_Od"&rcS"SAG,ASw

Cause
lllegalcharacler wereLrsed
llegalcharacters Llseegalcharaciers
only
lllegalvslue D a t a v a l L ei s l n c o Je c t Usea valuein thevalidrange
Uncleflnedsymbol Undefined
symbolswereused Useonlydefinedsyrnbols
lllegaloperand comman0parameter
ncoTTecl Input pararaeters
cofiectly

Can'l transmil it now Dataoulputis not posslble

in the lJsethe lvlonitormode

lllegalcommand name lncorTecl

commandnamewas UsecorTect
commandnames

lllegal symbol name symbolnamewas used

lncorreci Usecorrectsymbolnames
Symboltable ovedloru Thesymboltablels fuL Deleteunnecessry
symbols
Too longll Asymbolistoo long A symbolshou
d be shorterthan
255bytes

Messag-a Cause
lllegslcommand ncorreclcommanowas useo Usecorrectcommands
lltegalargumenl lncorrectcommandparameters Inputcofrectparameters

SOURCEa.ea is lrrtl Thesourceareais full Deeleunnecessary

source
data
This block is emply Tryng to outpulan emptyblock Firstcreaieobjectdata,then
outpui

-60-
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 Errors

llegalcharacter
used Useonly egaicharacters
Cofiectthe error
Djfferenl
typeof dalawas Correct

Undefined
symboused Useonlydefinedsymbos
The resut of operationexceeds Shonenthe data
the range(3FFFh)
Thememoryareais full Erase!nnecessary
data
e deflnltlon Thesymbolisdef nedtwice Deeteone of lhe detrnrt
ons
A d visionby zerowas altempted Correctthe denominator
Non usablefLrncion was used Referto Chapter3, and useonly
vald functionsand operators
TheOBJECT areabecanre fuli Kil unnecessaryblocks

Mode

An errorhasoccurreddur ng Checkthe stateof the external

dataloading
An errorhasoccUred
during Checkthe stateol the external
cala savrng
Thelloppydisk s wrte protected S idethewrite-protection
tab
to the c osedposition
al File Name l l e g a l J i en a m eu s e d Specif!a correctfie na.ne
Thef e specified
was nol found Specly thecorreclfilename
(displaythedirectory)
Thefloppydiskis noi correctly Sel the d sl.conectly

Tryinglo savedatato a Uoppy Deleteunnecessary

d sk wilh no avaiablearea
tlegal Data Type Duetothe differeni
fie type.
loadingis notenabed
f le or Lrse
Thisoccu.sw lh lapesbecaLrse
a filenameextenslon cannotbe
used.Tryto makeit a habiito
writeihe lisi of file naraeson

V€rily Error An errorhasoccuredwhileveri, Trysavng again.Adjustthe

tcatlonwascafiiedoul by the vo ume tone and phasecon-
trols.Cleanthe nragnet
c head

www.cx5m.net
-D-^I|IDM,ELOADEW

c-2 0 0 c1 36 24 c4 72 48 c7 108 6C
1 l 37 25 c#4 73 49 109 6D
D-2 2 2 38 26 D4 74 D] I10 6E
D#-2 3 3 39 27 D#4 15 4B D#7 r11 6F
E-2 4 E1 40 2A E4 16 4C E7 1t2 70
F-2 5 5 29 77 4D I l3 71
F#-2 6 6 42 2A 78 I l4 72
G-2 7 1 43 28 G4 79 G7 I l5 73
c#-2 8 8 2C G#4 80 50 G#7 74
A-2 s 9 2D 81 51 1t7 75
A#'2 10 46 2E a2 52 118 76
B-2 11 B B1 47 2F B4 83 53 B7 119 77
c1 12 c C2 48 30 c5 84 c8 120 t8
l3 D 49 31 c#5 85 55 c#8 121 19
D-l E D2 50 32 D5 86 56 D8 122
15 51 33 D#5 87 57 D#8 123 7B
16 10 E2 52 34 E5 88 58 E8 124 7C
17 ll F2 53 35 F5 89 59 F8 7D
18 12 36 90 5A F#8 126 7E
G1 l9 13 G2 55 37 G5 91 5B G8 127
20 14 56 38 G#5 92 5C
21 15 57 39 A5 93 5D
22 58 3A A#5 94 5E
B-1 23 17 82 59 3B B5 95 5F
CO 24 18 60 3C c6 96 60
25 3D c#6
DO 26 D3 62 3E D6 98 62
27 63 3F D#6 99 63
EO 2a 1C E3 64 40 E6 100 64
FO 29 1D F3 65 F6 101 65
30 1E 66 42 F#6 102 66
GO 3l 1F G3 67 43 G6 103 67
32 2A 68 G#6 104 68
AO 33 21 A3 69 45 A6 69
34 22 A#3 70 46 A#6 106
BO 35 23 B3 71 47 B6 107 6B

62-
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oee. .t:o,
o 00000000 0 64 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 t2a 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0a o \92 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0c o
I 00000001 I 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 129 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1a 1 193 u000001 c l
2 00000010 2 66 010000i04 2 t30 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0a 2 194 1 i 0 0 0 0 1 0c 2
3 00000011 a 01000011 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1a 3 L95 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1c 3
4 00000100 6a 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 04 4 \32 1 0 0 0 0 r 0 0a 4 196 I1000100
5 00000r01 5 69 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 14 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 18 5 797 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1c 5
6 00000110 6 70 !1!00110 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0a 6 194 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0c 6
? 00000111 7 7I 01000111 1 0 0 0 0 1 t 1a 7 199 i 1 0 0 0 1 1 1c 7
a 00001000 a 72 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 04 a 1 3 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 08 a 2 a o 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0c a
9 00001001 9 73 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 14 9 t37 1000100i a 9 2 0 | t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1c 9
1 0 00001010 01001010 1 3 4 1 0 0 0 r 0 1 0A A 2 0 2 11001010
ll 00001011 B 75 01001011 1 3 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 18 B 2 0 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1C B
1 2 00001100 c 76 01001100 !40 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0a c 2 0 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0c c
I 3 00001101 D 77 0 1 0 0 1 1 04 1D 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 18 D 2 0 5 I 1 0 0 1 1 0 1C D
t 4 00001i10 E 78 0100 10 1 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 08 E 206 ll0011l0 CE
t 5 00001111 79 01001111 r13 10001111 8F 2 0'l 110011r1
l6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0l 0 a0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 05 0 t44 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 09 0 2 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0D O
L 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1t l a1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 15 L 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 19 1 2 0 9 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1D 1
1 a 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0L 2 a? 01010010 52 1,16 10010010 92 2 t a 1 1 0 r 0 0 1 0D 2
1 9 00010011 a3 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 15 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 19 3 2tl 1 1 0 1 0 0 1D 13
2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0l 4 4,1 01010100 1 4 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 09 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 r 0 0D 4
2I 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1L 5 a5 01010101 55 L 4 9 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 19 5 2 7 3 1 1 0 1 0 1 0D r 5
2 2 0 0 0 1 0 r 1 0l 6 a6 01010110 56 1 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 09 6 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0D 6
2 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1t 7 a7 01010111 a7 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 19 7 2 1 5 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1D 7
2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0t a aa 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 05 a 1 5 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 09 a 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0D 8
2 5 00011001 a9 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 15 9 153 10011001 99 2 1 , 7 1 1 0 1 1 0 0D 19
2 6 00011010 90 010110I0 10011010 2ta ll0lt0t0
2 7 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1T B 9i 01011011 5D r 5 5 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 19 B 2t9 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1D B
2 a 0 0 0 t 1 1 0 0t c 92 010100 5 C 1 5 6 i 0 0 1 1 1 0 09 C 224 i l01tt00 DC
2 9 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 11 D 93 0 1 0 i 1 1 0 15 D \57 10011101 9D 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0D 1D
3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 01 E 91 01011110 5E t5a l 0 0t t 1 t 0 9 E 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 I 1 0D E
3 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 11 F 95_ 01011111 5F 10011111 2 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 1D 1F
3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 02 0 01100000 60 1 6 0 10100000 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0E O
3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12 7 9't 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 16 1 161 10100001 2 2 4 11100001
001000i0 2 2 9a 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 06 2 t62 10100010 2 2 6 I 1 1 0 0 0 1 0E 2
35 00100011 99 01100011 63 163 101000i1 22l 11I00011
3 6 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 02 4 100 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 06 4 t64 10100100 2 2 4 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0E 4
37 00100101 2a 101 01100101 65 165 10r00101 2 2 9 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1E 5
3a 00100110 26 to2 01i00110 6 6 t66 l0t00lt0 A6 2 3 0 r 1 l 0 0t l0 E 6
39 00100111 27 103 01100n1 167 10100111 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 I 1E 7
4 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 02 a 104 01101000 68 t6a 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0A A 2 3 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0E A
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 12 9 105 0 r 1 0 1 0 0 16 9 169 10101001 2 3 3 1u0t001 E 9
42 00101010 106 01101010 170 10101010 2 3 4 1 1 i 0 1 0 1 0E A
1 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 12 B 10? 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 I6 B L7L 10101011 2 3 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1E 1B
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 02 C toa 01101100 6C t72 10101100 2 3 6 11101100
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 12 D 109 01101101 6D 173 10r0il0r 2 3 7 1 1 1 0 1 1 0E 1D
00101110 2E 110 0 1 t 0 1 1 1 06 E 774 10101110 234 11101110
00101111 2F tLl 01101111 6F r75 10101111 2 3 9 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1; ;
4 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 03 0 L12 01110000 70 1 7 6 10r0000 B O 2 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0F O
49 00110001 31 113 0 1 10' 0 0 1 7 l 1 7 7 1 0 1 I 0 0 0 1B 1 24r 1 1 1 1 0 0 0F 11 l
5 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 03 2 LL4 0 t ] 1 0 0 1 07 2 1 ? 8 1 0 1 1 0 0 1B 02 111100I0
5l 00110011 3a 115 01110011 73 1 , 7 9 1 0 1 i 0 0 1 1B ] 11110011 ;"'i
52 00110100 34 116 01110100 140 10110100 B4 241 11110100
5 3 0 0 I 1 0 1 0 13 5 117 01t]0]01 75 1 4 1 I 0 1 1 0 1 0 1B 5 11110101
00110u036
55 00110111 7
l La
119
01110110 76
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 i7 7
ta2 1 0 1 1 0 1 1B
1 4 3 1 0 1 1 0I 1 t B 1
06 246 11110110
217 It01t1 t9 |
5 6 0 0 i 1 1 0 0 03 8 T2O 0llll000 7a 184 10111000 B8 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0F 8
,7 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 13 9 t2l 0 11 i 100179 L a 5 1 0 1 1 1 0 0B 19 2 4 9 1 t iI 1 0 0 1
5a 00ri10r0 3A
59 00111011 3B
6 0 0 0 1 1 i 1 0 03 C
t22
723
124
01111010
01111011
0 1 uu 0 0
7B
146 10111010
1 8 7 l 0 tl t 0 I t B B
184 10111100
BA
BC
250 ltlll0l0
2 5 L 1 1 t 1t 0 l t i*i
1 1 1 1 1 1 0F 0c I
0 0 1 1 1 t 0 l3 D t25 01111101 7D 1 8 9 1 0 11i 1 0 1 B D 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0F 1D I
00111110 3E 726 0 l 1 r1 1 1 0 7 E r 9 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0B E 244 utllit0
63 00Il1t1l 3F L2? 01111111 1 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1B 1F 255 11111111

63-
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MlDl([4usca nstrument DigitalInterface) is a worldwidestandardadoptedfor the commun]catjon
between rnusical jnslr!ments and computers. Th s standardspecilies whatkindof elementary nfor-
mationcanbeexchanged,andinwhicheectronicJormalthisinformationmustbeshaped Elementary
inlormationscalledaMlDlMessage.AMDMessagestselfdvidedjntosmallerplecesofln
calledbyles.A byteis a successjon of ejghtbits.A bit can laketwova ues(0 or T) wh ch corlespond
t o t w o d g i l av o l t a g e s w h e n s e t t o t r a v e l t h r o u g h a M D l c a b l e o r t o b e p r o c e s s e dnbtyear fdagci e
t a.
Therefore, a bytecan have256bitconfigurations, andeachof theseconflguralonscan beassocialed
w:tha number lrom 0 to 255. A byte wil therefore read as an eighldigitb narynumber
Accordng to th s, you mayseethe MlDl nforrnai on as a sequence of n!mbers,eachonein the range
of 0 to 255And a L{lDl message wil correspond to one, two, or more ol suchnumbers.
The[/lDI slandardspecilies the structure of the nformation by det ning a setof li/lDlmessages and
the strucureof each messageThe M D message alsoconcernssome hardware spec fications, For
nstance, the MID informalion musttravelthrougha s nglecable.Whenmorethan one instrument
areto receive theinlormation lroma singlesource,thernstr!ments areda sy-chained, thatis,thesafire
nformation reachesallslavenstruments and eachinstrument hasto pickoui on v the portionof the
MDlmessagethatisreevanttothem.Thisispossiblebecauseamessagecancafryanden
aMDlChannelNLlmber.TheMDStandardallowstorl6differentl\4DlChannelsThsworks
f a MLDIinslrument is setto receve on MlDlChannel,forexample,a message carryjnga diJferent
MlDlChannelNumberwil bediscarded, Thisteatureallowsforthetransmission otspeclfic informaton
to 16 d llerentinsiruments lhrougha singlecab e.

Structare of the MIDI

Thereare two typesof MlDlL,lessages.

. The ChannelMessages
TheChannelllessagescarrya MlDlChannelNumberso ihat theycannotbe received
by anyinstru
rnentssetto receive
anotherchanne.

. The Syslem Messageg

TheSyste m Messageswil be,in principe,receivedbyal instruments,regardlessoftheirchanne
setling.
TheSystemCommonMessages and the SystemRea TimeMessages can be received
by every[/lDl
instrument;the SystemExclusive Messages, however,are individuato dilferentmanufacturers
and
can onlybe received
by nstruments of the samebrand.

Exceptions:
n someinstances a MlDlChannel[lessagemaybe d scardedby an inslrurnent,notbecause lhe
channe numbersdo not maich,but dueto the hardwareimitation of thatinstrument,Exarnpei
pitchout of range.
As we wi seelater,someSysieroMessages are received
onlyby instrumenls of a certainbrand
and willbe discarded Fudher,
by otherinstruments. some System l\,4essagesmay carryCfiannel
Numberinformaton.

-64
www.cx5m.net
MlD l\,lessage is n dde of o1e.two.or moreby_es.The first byte is calledihe siatus byte,whileihe
b v r e so ' l l ^ F c a m e m e s < a g ea r e c d l e d t h e d a t a byies

Stalus Byle
staiusbytehastwofunciions:
ldentilying
ihe message
andcarryingihe MtDtChannetNumber(in
caseof a ChannelMessage).
TheMlDlChanneNumberis encodedon the four lowerbitsor Lne
us byte.

Dala ByIes
data bytescarryvalLlesrelevanlto the informationspecifledby ihe statusbyte.Example:a NOTE
r.essagecontans the pitchvalueof the noteto be p ayed,and itsve ociiy(votume).
orderiorthestatusbyteto be properlyinterpreted,
we needa systernto a low ihe receivjnginstrument
distjnguishwhich byiesare statusbytesand which are data bytes.The trjck is, the MSBof a srarus
is aways l, whilethe MSBdf a dala byteis atways0. Therefore,statusbytesrangejrom 80{H)to
H),and dala byresfrom00(H)to7F(H).

1 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0 J 1 1 1 1 1 1

maythinkon one hand,that we do not needas muchas 128differentsiatusbytes.and on the other

nd,thal 128different valuesrstoo fewfof someparameters tikepitchBend.
l, we do noi actuallyhave as many as 128dtllerentsiat!s bytes,becausefo r Channel J\,4essages,
iowerfour bitsare usedfor ChannelNumberspecificaiions lt is true,however.
that somesrarus
arenotusedtheyarekeptlor futureexiensio ns. Forparametersrequiring awiderangeofva ues,
can splitthe valueson iwo databyles,and obtaina rangefromOto i6383.

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 MIDI MessaeeFormat

Note Oii 8n NoteNumber Velocity

Noteon 9n
Polyphonic

ConlrolChange Bn (ControNumbe4
01 ModulationWheel
02 BreathController
04 FootController lu'"
05 PortamentoTime
06 Data EntrySlider
07 lvainVolume
40 Sustain )
41 t 00:off
42 Soslenulo l7F:on
Soft )
60 Data lncremenl 7F
6 l Data Decrement 7F

00: Oll, TFrOn

7B All Noteoff 00
7C O m n i O f f 00
7D OmniOn 00
7 E MonoOn 00-0A(Number of Channels)
PolyOn 00
ProgramChange Cn ProgramN!mber
Channe Allertouch Dn
HigherTbitsof the
selting setting
i;..= SystemE-'clusive FO lD code
IVanufacturer tlp to the manufacturer
::e',,,.
SongPosition F2 HjgherTbitsof the
seiting setlrng
E.
:.2:: Song Select F3 SongNLmber
.9.:'
:2. F4,F5
':=:: F6
Endol Exclusive
:,&a.TimingClock F8
F9
Sla
Continue FB
ta- Stop FC
>:::
FD
=
AcliveSensing FE
:t(:: SystemReset

in the abovetableareoivenin Hexadecimal

* All nunrbers notaiion

_66
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 8n(H)NOTEOFF
l000nnnn Thenolenumberlnd cateswhichkeywasreleasedandvelocity indicates
n = channe# how quicky it was re eased.Veryfew keyboardshavere easeVelociy
Sensiiiviiy (lhe Sequential C rcuitsProphetTB is one) Mostotherkey-
boards(suchas theYamahaDXseres)senda NoteOn message wilh a
ve ocity of 0 lo nd cate a NoteOff.

gn(H)NOTEON
1001nnnn Thenotenumberindicates whichkeywas ptessedandvetocityindicates
n : c h a n n e# howharditwashit On keyboardsthatdo nolhavevelocitysensttivity
(such
as lhe DX21),a medjumva !e oi 40(H)is sent.A NoieOn messagewith
a velocrty
of 0 s the sameas a NoteOff message.

An(H)POLYPHONIC
AFTERTOUCH
lolonnnn Thenotenlmberind cateswhichkey s be ng pressedand the pressure
n = Channe# indicateshow hafdthat keyis be ng pressed(e. eachkeycan send n,
dependent aftertouch
rnessages.)
Ol a Yamahakeyboards, on y theDX1
is ab eto send(andreactto)thismessage.

. Bn(H)CONTROLCHANGE
l0lI nnnn Theconlrolnu.nberind caleswh ch contro numberis be ng movedand
n = Channel# thedata nd catesthepositon of lhecontroler Intheabovechartcontro
changesI - 7 are continuous controers (Sjderor wheeltypecon-
tro lers)Theycarrydataln the rangeof 00(Fl)' 7F(N)
Controlchanges40{H) - a3(H)areon/offswitchtype controe.s,and
carrydataol e ther00{H)or 7F(Fl).
ControlchangesTA(H) - 7F(H)areaspecialtype of controlchangecalled
ModeMessages andusualy carrya flxeddatabyte.Theytellthereceivng
tone generatorhow to behave.The way n whjchthesemessages are
intefpretedwilldependon thedevice{SeetheMlDllnrplemenlatton Charl
lor yourtonegenerator or synthesizer
)

. Cn(H)PROGRAMCHANGE
11 0 0 n n n Thiste ls the receiving lo switchprograms(voce memories
devrce )
n : Channel#

. Dn(H}CHANNELAFTERTOUCH
I I 0 l n nn n Alsoca led "CommonAftertouch th s is foundon the DX7.
n : Channel#

En(H)PITCHwHEEL
I110nnnn To provde f nerresol!tionthisdataissentintwobvtesthelowerbvtelirst.
n : Channel# Yamahatone generatorsandsynthesizersgnorethehgher(second)byte.

67
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. m($ sYsrEi, ExcLUslvE
11110000 AfterF0(H)mustcomean identiJicationnumberwhichhasbeenassigned
to eachmanulacturer Yamaha'snumberis 43(H).Whaicomesbetween
this messageand F7(H)(End of Exclusjve) is compleielyup to each
(but
manuiacturer eachbytemustbe between 00(H)and7F(H)). Thedaia
may incllrdea Channel? lor exampie.Yamaha uses systernExclusive
messaqestotransmitvorce data,rhyihmpatterndata,bulk
data,sequence
memorydataof all kinds,and manyotherusefulthlngs.Seethe System
Exclusivelormatchan for vo!r device.

. F/(H} ENDOF EXCLUSIVE

11110111 Exclusive
Thismarksthe end of a System message.

. F2(H},F3(H},F8(H},FA(H),FB(H},FC(H),FF(H)
(SongPositionPointer,SongSelect, TimingClock Stad,Stop Continu€
SysiemReset)are al for conifolling sequencersand rhythm machines
Seethe MlDllmplementationChartfor yourdevice.

. FE(H)ACTIVESENSING
ll there are no MlDl messagesthat have beensent , one oi thesels s-6nt
every300msec,iust io let the receivingdevjcesknow that there is still
someoneout there.lf therehavenot beenany [llDl messages for a long
time (like 1/2 a second),the receiving devjceassumesthal some error
has occurred(eg.a MlDlcablewas pulledoul by mislake), and wil siop
aLtnoles.

. Fl(H}, F4(H),Fs(H},Fg(H},FD(H)
Theseare unused,and reserved
for futureexpansion.

Whenthe samernessagehas to be sent repeiitLvelythe staius byte being tn" it i" pliil
ioshortenthesequenceandwritethestaius byleonlyonce. "ur", a RUNNING
Suchastalusbyteiscalled
STATUS.Thls procedureis allowedfor Channelmessagesonly.
Example:
90 3C 40 90 40 40 90 3C 00 90 40 00
1
90 3C 40 40 40 3C 00 40 00
You mayusethisprocedure whenenleringdatafromthe keyboard,
in lilonitormode

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