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Senior General Chemistry 1 - Q1 - Module 9 For Printing
Senior General Chemistry 1 - Q1 - Module 9 For Printing
High
School
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General Chemistry 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 9: Limiting and Excess Reagents
First Edition, 2020
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the General Chemistry1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Limiting Excess Reagents!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box
in the body of the module:
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For the learner:
Welcome to the General Chemistry1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Limiting and Excess Reagent!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
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knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction and
identify the excess reagent. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Directions: Read the following sentence carefully. Encircle the letter of the
best answer.
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2. You take a reactant A and calculate the amount of moles of another
reactant B required to use up all of A. How do you know which of two
reactants is the limiting one?
A. You compare the calculated amount of B to the actual amount
available. If more is required, then B is the limiting reagent. If less is
required, then A is the limiting reagent.
B. You compare the calculated amount of B to the actual amount
available. If more is required, then A is the limiting reagent. If less is
required, then B is the limiting reagent.
C. If the calculated value of B is larger than the amount of A, then A is the
limiting reagent.
D. If the calculated value of B is larger than the amount of A, then B is the
limiting reagent
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For questions 6-8, refer to this chemical reaction.
11. What is the mass of excess reagent that remains after the reaction?
A. 72.664g B. 87.336g C. 32.664g D. 47.336g
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13. 22 grams of NH3 and 44 grams of O2.
A. NH3 B. O2 C. NO D. H2O
This lesson will help you understand and explain the concept of
limiting reagent in a chemical reaction and identifying the excess reagent.
What’s In
In the previous lesson you have discussed the writing and balancing of
chemical equation and convert the amount of substance/s with a given
mass/es into moles. In this lesson we used this concept in a brief review to
link the current lesson. The next activity will help you check your prior
knowledge to understand the present lesson that focuses on the concept of
limiting reagents and identifying excess reagents.
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ACTIVITY 1: WRITE AND BALANCE ME!
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ACTIVITY 2: CONVERT ME
Examples
Directions: Convert the mass of a substance into mole/s. For the
mass/es, use the attached periodic table of elements found at the
back of this module.
1. How many moles are in 15 grams of lithium?
(molar mass of lithium is 6.941 g/mole from periodic table of
elements)
Answer:
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆
15 grams x = 2.161 moles Li
𝟔.𝟗𝟒𝟏 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔
Answer:
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆
98.3 grams x = 1.260 moles Al(OH)3
𝟕𝟖.𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔
Answer:
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆
65 grams x = 0.492 mole (NH4)2SO4
𝟏𝟑𝟐.𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔
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4. How many moles are in 25 grams of calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2?
5. How many moles are in 67.89 grams of manganese sulfate, Mn3(SO4)7?
What’s New
“When a chemist carries out a reaction, the reactants are usually not
present in exact stoichiometric amounts, that is, in the proportions indicated
by the balanced equation. Because the goal of a reaction is to produce the
maximum quantity of a useful compound from the starting materials,
frequently a large excess of one reactant is supplied to ensure that the more
expensive reactant is completely converted to the desired product.
Consequently, some reactant will be left over at the end of the reaction. The
reactant used up first in a reaction is called the limiting reagent, because the
maximum amount of product formed depends on how much of this reactant
was originally present. When this reactant is used up, no more product can
be formed. Excess reagent are the reactants present in quantities greater than
necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent.
The concept of the limiting reagent is analogous to the relationship
between men and women in a dance contest at a club. If there are 14 men
and only 9 women, then only 9 men/women pairs can compete. Five men will
be left without partners. The number of women thus limits the number of men
that can dance in the contest, and there is an excess of men” (Chang 103).
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Combo Components Available No. of The Excess
Meals Components Combo one Components
No. meals that
will be limits
made?
Example 1 pc. chicken 20 pcs. 10 pcs.
joy chicken joy chicken
2 pcs. burger 20 pcs. burger joy
steaks steaks 20 15 plates
1 plate 25 plates 10 burger spaghetti
spaghetti spaghetti steaks 11 glasses
1 glass soft 21 glasses soft soft
drink drink drink
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Why there is an excess component from available components in
producing combo meal?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
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What is It
The coefficient is 1
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
The coefficient is 2.
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
=2 =6
2 1
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Na has the lowest quantity per coefficient ratio; therefore, Na is the
limiting reagent. It means that the Na is the one that limits the reaction. Once
the Na is totally consumed, the reaction will stop. The excess reagent is Cl2.
ACTIVITY 4: WHO AM I?
Directions: Identify the limiting reagent and excess reagent in the following
reactions.
1. 6 moles of zinc and 3 moles lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) react to form zinc
nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) and lead.
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2. 5 moles aluminum bromide (AlBr 3) and 3 moles chlorine gas (Cl2) react to
form aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and bromine gas (Br2).
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What’s More
In this part, we use the given masses of the reactants for the chemical
reactions to identify the limiting reagent and excess reagent
Directions: Identify the limiting reagent and excess reagent in the following
reactions.
2. 57 g of copper and 23.5 g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) react to form copper (II)
sulfate (CuSO4) and water and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
3. Silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) were produced when
200.0 grams of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and 200.0 grams of sodium phosphate
(Na3PO4) react.
5. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is formed when 5.3 grams of chlorine gas and
3.0 grams of aluminum react with each other.
To get the amount of excess reagent that consumed in the reaction and
amount of excess reagent that remains after the reaction the following
example will apply.
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Example:
160 grams of aluminum is placed in a solution that contains 80
grams of sulfuric acid. Hydrogen gas and aluminum sulfate are
produced in this reaction. (a) Identify the limiting reactant. (b) how
many grams of excess reagent is consumed in this reactant? (c) What
is the mass of excess reagent that remains after the reaction is
complete?
Where:
LR = amount of mole per coefficient ratio of limiting reagent.
Coefficient = coefficient of excess reagent.
Molar Mass = molar mass of excess reagent.
0.272 x (2 moles x 26.982 g/mole) = 14.678 grams Al
Directions: Perform the following in each of the given sample reaction below:
2. In the Blast Furnace, iron is made by reacting 35 g of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3)
with 55 g of carbon monoxide (CO) gas. Carbon dioxide gas is also
produced.
3. Let say, in our bodies, 15 g of starch (C6H10O5), which we get from our food,
reacts with 10 g of water and breaks down to form glucose ( C6H12O6).
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(1)_______________ is the reactant that is completely consumed during a
chemical reaction. Once this reagent is consumed, the reaction (2)___________.
(3)____________is the reactant that is (4)____________once the limiting reagent
is consumed. Using the balanced equation of a chemical reaction, molar mass
and a given mole or mass of the reactants, the limiting and excess reagent
can identify, the (5)_________ computed value is the limiting reagent and
(6)_____________ computed value is the excess reagent.
Identifying the limiting reagent has a big role in determining the amount
of product produced. Here is the sample application:
Ethane (C2H6) reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and
water. (a) If 5 moles of ethane is placed in a container with 16 moles of oxygen
gas, how many moles of CO2 will be produced? (b) If 30 g of ethane is mixed
with 84 g of oxygen gas, how many grams of water will be produced in this
reaction? Note: First, write and balanced the chemical reaction and identify
the limiting reagent, use the steps in previous activities.
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
In this example the oxygen gas is limiting reagent. (C2H6 5/2 = 2.50
and O2 16/7 = 2.29, the lower computed value between the reactants is O2,
therefore O2 is the limiting reagent)
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Let’s solve the problem:
For letter (a) how many moles of carbon dioxide produced?
𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 CO2
16 moles O2 = 9.143 moles CO2
𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑶𝟐
2. How many grams of ammonia (NH3) can be produced from the reaction of
30.0 grams of nitrogen gas (N2) and 25.0 grams of hydrogen gas (H2)?
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Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. A propane grill on a backyard patio is left burning for too long and
eventually goes out, the reaction is C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O. Which of
the following chemicals is the limiting reagent?
a. Carbon dioxide c. Oxygen gas
b. Propane d. Water vapor
Nitric acid can be neutralized by any base to form a salt and water, as in the
following equation.
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Identify the limiting reagent for each situation.
6. 2 moles of Mg(OH)2 and 9 moles HNO3.
a. Mg(OH)2 b. HNO3 c. Mg(NO3)2 d. H2O
11. How many grams of excess reagent remains after the reaction?
a. 4.657 g b. 5.676 g c. 3.675 g d. 2.662 g
15. 145 grams of tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) combines with 3 grams of hydrogen
gas. Predict the products of the reaction and determined the limiting
reagent.
a. Sn + H2O; SnO2 c. Sn + H2O; H2
b. Sn2 + H2O; SnO2 d. Sn2 + H2O; H2
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Additional Activities
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Activity 5 Activity 4 Activity 3
1. LR: H3PO4 1. LR: Pb(NO3)2 No. of The one Excess
Combo that Components
ER: Ca(OH)2 ER: Zn meals limits
2. LR: H2SO4 2. LR: Cl2 will be
made?
ER: Cu ER: AlBr3 10 chicken
3. LR: AgNO3 3. LR: CaCl2 joys
5 cups
ER: Na3PO4 ER: Na3PO4 5 5 burger
rice
steaks
4. LR: Zn 4. LR: K
ER: H3PO4 ER: Cl2
5. LR: Cl2 5. LR: HCl 2 chicken joys
ER: Al ER: Al 1 plate
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9 spaghetti
lumpia
3 glasses soft
drink
For guide questions, the
answers may vary.
Activity 2 (Let’s Activity 1(Let’s What I Know
Try This) Try This) 1. C
1. 2LiOH + H2SO4 2. C
1. 0.551 mole Ar
Li2SO4 + 2H2O 3. A
2. 0.074 mole P
4. A
3. 0.697 mole 2. Mg + 2NaF
MgF2 + 2Na 5. A
Cu(OH)2
6. B
4. 0.081 mole 3. Cu + AgNO3
Ag + CuNO3
7. B
Ca3(PO4)2 8. A
5. 0.081 mole 4. C6H12O6 + 6O2 9. A
Mn3(SO4)7 6CO2 + 6H2O
10.D
5. CaCO3 + 2HCl 11.A
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 12.A
13.A
14.B
15.C
Answer Key
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Additional Assessment
Activities 1. B
2. B
1. LR: CuO 3. D
10.612 g N2 4. A
5. A
2. a. LR: NH3 6. A
b. 1123.471 g 7. A
(NH2)2CO 8. B
c. 318.724 g 9. B
CO2 10.C
11.D
12.B
13.B
14.A
15.C
What I Can Do What I have Activity 6
1. 3.750 moles H2 learned 1. a. LR: Mg
2. 36.477 g NH3 b. 13.183 g O2
3. 164.270 g Ag3PO4 1. limiting reagent c. 26.817 g O2
100.068 g NaNO3 2. stops 2. a. LR: Fe2O3
3. excess reagent b. 18.403 g CO
4. left over c. 36.597 g CO
5. lower 3. a. LR: C6H10O5
6. high b. 1.675 g H2O
c. 8.325 g H2O
4. a. LR: Ca
b. 53.937 g H2O
c. 26.063 g H2O
5. a. LR: CaCO3
b. 10.938 g HCl
c. 14.062 g HCl
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References
Chang, Raymond. Chemistry 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. pages 103-106
Petrucci, Ralph H., et al. General Chemistry 9th ed. New Jersey: Pearsin Prentice
Hall, 2007. page 1
Zumdahl, Steven S. and Susan A. Zumdahl. Chemistry 7th ed. Boston, New York:
Houghton Mifflin, 2007. pages 110-111
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