FOUNDATIONS OF DIGITAL BUSINESS:

METHODOLOGIES
Shankar Venkatagiri

January 2023
Overview

• Stages of the SDLC • Spiral model

• Waterfall model • Unified Process
Discipline

• Edsger Dijkstra (1972)

– The major cause of the software crisis is that the machines
have become several orders of magnitude more powerful!
– … as long as there were no machines, programming was no
problem at all;
– when we had a few weak computers, programming became
a mild problem, and now we have gigantic computers,
programming has become an equally gigantic problem.
Methodology

• Working software is the outcome

of a team effort
– Calls for process discipline
• Methodology
– A blueprint to execute the stages of
an SDLC

Image Courtesy: Wikimedia

Waterfall

Image Source:
Winston Royce

• Linear execution with feedback loops

Prescription

• Complete design before analysis and coding begins

– Not feasible for most systems
• Documentation must be current and complete
– Wishful thinking
• Do the job twice if possible
– Prototyping reveals risks early on
• Testing must be planned, controlled and monitored
• Involve the customer
Spiral

• The Waterfall model failed to

take root
– Implementations got delayed,
teams were unhappy
• Iterative approaches were the
way forward
– Spiral model was risk-driven
– Prototyping at each stage
Image Courtesy: Conan
Unified

• USDP - Unified Software

Development Process
– Model-driven development
• Models built around use cases
– UML: Unified Modeling Language
• Software engineering tools
– Rational suite
Reference: Jacobson et al (1998)
Use cases

Reference: Cockburn (2000)

• Sequences of actions a system performs that yields value to an actor

– Captures the voice of the customer
• Transits well to all other phases in the Unified Process
Iterative

• Unified Process fosters iterative

and incremental development
– Time-boxed iterations create
working software
• Emphasis varies across the
stages of the SDLC

Image Courtesy: Krarup

 Thank You!

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