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Biomethanation of vegetable and Fruit waste in co-digestion Process

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013)

Biomethanation of Vegetable And Fruit Waste in Co-digestion

Process
Earnest Vinay Prakash1, Dr. L. P. Singh2
1,2
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad
Abstract— Bio methanation is a feasible and effective Lab scale study & Design of Experimental set up
method of treatment of fruits and vegetable waste generated.
The lab scale study was done in 1.5L liters plastic bottles
Fruits and vegetable waste are solid organic waste having high
calorific value and nutritive value to microbes that’s why the as digester kept at atmospheric temperature. The prepared
efficiency of methane production can be increases by several vegetable and fruit waste were fed in different bottles with
order. In this work in co digestion process both the waste equal amount of water. All were properly sealed and joint
(vegetable and fruit waste)was prepared at different ratio should be leak proof to avoid any type of leakage.
with cowdung and digestion was observed for maximum gas The 1.5 L plastic bottles were used as digester and fed
production. In this study it is found that for vegetable waste with FVW & CD in different proportion 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5,
cow dung should be added with the same proportion for and 1:2. The amount of FVW taken for study was 200gms
optimum gas generation i.e,the ratio should be 1:1.And in case and it is prepared with CD weighting 100, 200, 350 and
of fruit wase the ratio should be 1:2.
400gms with water for proper hydrolysis. The all 4 bottle
Keywords—Cowdung (CD), Vegetable-Waste (VW), Fruit digester were perfectly sealed and air tight to prevent the
Waste(FW),Fruit Vegetable-Waste(FVW) leakage of gas. The total gas production was observed for
15days of digestion period. The optimum amount of gas
I. INTRODUCTION production was observed by water displacement method. In
order to obtain the optimum gas production FVW & CD
Bio-methanation is the process of conversion of organic were mixed with water with equal amount of FVW.
matter in wastes to methane and manure by microbial
action in the absence of air through a process called Schematic Diagram of Experimental Setup
anaerobic digestion. Bio-methanation is the anaerobic
digestion of biodegradable organic waste in an enclosed
space under controlled conditions of temperature, moisture,
pH, etc. It is a decomposing system wherein depending on
the waste characteristics the waste mass undergoes
decomposition anaerobically thereby generating biogas
comprising mainly methane and carbon dioxide. In today’s
world, the reduced organic and inorganic compounds
produced by anaerobic microbial processes serve as carbon
and energy reservoirs for photo synthetically fixed energy.
Accordingly, two life styles are intimately coupled and
function together for mutual benefit. A variety of waste
sources like urban, agriculture, industrial sectors, vegetable
markets, etc. generate huge quantities of solid waste
containing a sizeable proportion of biodegradable organic
matter with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) having largest
proportion If this waste processed anaerobically it will
produce significant amount of bio-gas and manure also.

493
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013)
Gas Observation In Different Ratio Of Vegetable Waste The variation of gas production with change in FW: CD
To Cowdung (VW:CD)- in digester shown in the graph below –
Vegetable Waste and Cow Dung Composition with Gas Production

S.NO Amount Amount Compositio Total

Of of n of Gas
Vegetable Cowdung VW:CD Produ
Waste In -ction
gm in ml
1 200 100 1:0.5 120

2 200 200 1:1 245

3 200 350 1:1.5 150

Major Findings-
4 200 400 1:2 140 1) The co digestion of vegetable and fruit waste with
cow dung takes less to time to digest. Because cow
dung increases the methanogenic activity the
The variation of gas production with change in VW: CD digestion period decreased.
in digester shown in the graph below 2) The Co digestion depends upon the amount CD added
with VW or FW. The gas varies with CD added to the
FW and VW.
3) The Co digestion reduces the HRT(Hydraulic
Retention Time).

II. ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

The co digestion study was carried out to investigate the
generation of biogas from VW, FW and CD mixture. It was
observed from the study that co digestion of vegetable and
fruit waste with cow dung decreases the digestion time
because of cow dung increases the methanogenic activity in
Gas Observation In Different Ratio Of Fruit Waste To the digester. The composition of cow dung mixed with VW
Cowdung(FW:CD)- and FW found by experimenting the different CD ratio with
VW and FW. The result of study in tables shows that the
Fruit Waste and Cow Dung Composition with Gas Production
gas production was maximum for 50% of CD (1:1) and
Amount Amount Composition Total further increasing the CD proportion with vegetable waste
S.NO. Of Fruit of of FW:CD Gas gas generation decreases beyond the 50%. Hence for
Waste In Cowdung Produc- vegetable waste CD should be added with same proportion
gm tion in for optimum gas generation. The water was added in order
ml to dilute the organic substances and to increase the
1 200 100 1:0.5 85 breeding of micro-organism. But in case of fruit waste the
gas yield was observed maximum when the FW and CD
2 200 200 1:1 170 proportion was 1:2 which shows the fruit waste is less
degradable it needs the double amount of CD to digest it
properly and increasing the gas yield. The co digestion of
3 200 350 1:1.5 205
fruits and vegetable waste with cow dung balance the
nutrient ratio required for the process.
4 200 400 1:2 230

494
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013)
III. CONCLUSION
In this study it was found that co digestion of waste
reduces the retention time because the presence of CD in
waste increases the growth of micro-organism rapidly.
Analyzing the figures it was found that 1:1 mixture of VW:
CD and 1:2 mixture of FW and CD was optimum. The co
digestion with CD improves the efficiency due to the
positive synergism in the digestion and supplies the
missing nutrients. The anaerobic digestion of fruits and
vegetable waste and cow dung when performed in same
digester can be advantageous for bio energy recovery in
rural areas to decrease the environmental burden.
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