Leukoplakia

Erythroplakia Erythro-leukoplakia
 Architecture
Irregular epithelial stratification
Loss of polarity of basal cells
Drop-shaped rete ridges
↑Number of mitotic figures
Abnormally superficial mitoses
Premature keratinization in cells
Keratin pearls within rete ridges
Loss of epithelial cohesion
Cytology
Variation in nuclear size
Variation in nuclear shape
Variation in cell size
Variation in cell shape
↑Nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
↑Increased nuclear size
Atypical mitotic figures
↑Number and size of nucleoli
Hyperchromasia
Mild (Low-Grade) Dysplasia
Moderate (Low-Grade) Dysplasia
Severe (High-Grade) Dysplasia
“Drop-off” Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Severe (High-Grade) Dysplasia
Severe (High-Grade) Dysplasia
PAS-LG
Reactive Atypia
Moderate Dysplasia
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (Thrush)
Erythematous Candidiasis
Hyperplastic Candidiasis
Hyperplastic Candidiasis
Hyperplastic Candidiasis
Hyperplastic Candidiasis
Heck’s Disease
Heck’s Disease
Heck’s Disease
Heck’s Disease
Heck’s Disease
 HPV-related Oral Dysplasia
p16
Chemotherapy Related Squamous Atypia
Chemotherapy Related Squamous Atypia
Chemotherapy Related Squamous Atypia
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
 Before signing out a well-
differentiated squamous cell
carcinoma, pause and ask yourself:

“Is there anything else this could be?”

Is there anything else this could be?
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia – Candidiasis
 Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia - Blastomycosis
GMS
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia – Post-radiation
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
 Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia – Granular Cell Tumor
S100
 Maybe there’s a granular
cell tumor AND squamous
cell carcinoma?
Is there anything else this could be?
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia and Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
Is there anything else this could be?
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia in Osteonecrosis
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia in Osteonecrosis
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia in Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis and Osteomyelitis
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia in Osteonecrosis
Ameloblastoma, conventional (follicular)
Ameloblastoma, conventional (follicular)
Ameloblastoma, Acanthomatous Variant
Ameloblastoma with PEH
Ameloblastoma with PEH
 Ameloblastoma with PEH
BRAF