Advance Training

on Solid Waste
Management
Subtitle
Topic 1: Rationale and policy
Updates in SWM
 Rationale and Policy Updates in SWM

Key Learning Objectives

• To discuss and review rationale of SWM in the industries

• To discuss and review relevant policy issuances on solid waste management

• To present current situationer on solid waste

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 Outline
I. Introduction to solid waste management
II. Policy Updates on RA 9003
III. LGU’s Role on the implementation of RA 9003
IV. SW Situationer

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Introduction to Solid
Waste Management
Solid Waste under Section 3, RA 9003

> discarded household commercial waste

> non-hazardous institutional and industrial
waste
> street sweepings
> construction debris
> agricultural waste
> other non-hazardous/non-toxic wastes
Biodegradble or Recyclables Residual Wastes Special Wastes
Compostables
 Sources of Municipal Solid Wastes

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 Environmental and Health Consequences of Poor ISWM

Solid Waste Exposure Pathway

9 11/6/2019 Source: Cost Sharing Framework on Solid Waste Management, NEDA, NSWMC, 2008
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF IMPROPER SWM

• Ground & surface water

contamination;
• Local flooding;
• Air pollution;
• Release of greenhouse
gases;
• Foul odor

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 HEALTH IMPACTS OF IMPROPER SWM

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 HEALTH IMPACTS OF IMPROPER SWM

Murine Typhus
Fever
Summer
Infectious Jaundice Diarrhea Typhoid Fever
Malaria
Or Weil’s Disease
Tuberculosis Diarrhea
Yellow Fever
Food Poisoning
Anthrax Dysentery
Elephantiasis
Chorio-lepto
Meningitis Ophthalmia Tuberculosis
Encephalitis
Trichinosis Intestinal Anthrax
Dengue Fever
Worms
Food Poisoning
Poliomyelitis
 HEALTH IMPACTS OF IMPROPER SWM

• Threat to health of
sanitation workers &
wastepickers

• Burning of waste
releases toxic gases
Policy Updates on RA
9003
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic
Act 9003)
• Provides for the implementation of a systematic, comprehensive and ecologically sound
management of solid waste.

• Mandatory segregation of solid waste at the source such as household, institutional, industrial,
commercial and agricultural sources;

• Preparation and submission of 10-year SWM plans for approval by the NSWMC

• Prohibition on non-environmentally acceptable products and packaging;

• Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay or cluster of barangays;

• Prohibition against the use of open dumps;

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA9003)

The ESWM policy is based on the management

of waste in the following HIERARCHY: Avoidance

Reduce
1.Source reduction (avoidance) & minimization
of waste generated at source; Reuse

2.Reuse, recycling & resource recovery of Recycle

waste at the barangay level. Efficient
collection, proper transfer & transport of
waste by the city/municipality; Treatment

Residuals

3.Efficient management of residuals & of final Mgnt

disposal sites and/or any other related

technologies for the destruction/reuse of
residuals
The ESWM Hierarchy
 Compliance with RA 9003

• Sec 21 – Segregation at Source

• Sec 23 – Segregated Collection
• Sec 33 - Recovery/Recycling Systems
• Sec 37 – Closure/Conversion of Open Dumps to CDF
•Controlled Disposal Facilities
•Final Disposal Systems
Proper Segregation
of Solid Waste

Sorting at Source

gardens/farms/ junkshops/recyclers/ treatment plant

fertilizers manufacturers/industries
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 DENR Administrative
Order 09-2006:
Components of the
Closure and Rehabilitation
Plan
Site Clearing
• Removal of storage areas for recyclables, makeshift huts and
other structures

• Relocation or alternative source of income to waste pickers

should also be part of the plan
 Site Grading and Stabilization of
Critical Slopes 2 - 4% 2 - 4%

1 1

3 3

• Compaction of the exposed waste

• Site graded to slopes ranging from 2 to 4% to facilitate
drainage and prevent local ponding.
• Side slopes can be generally set at the ratio of 1 vertical to 3
horizontal or gentler depending in the nature of waste and
actual site conditions.
Application and Maintenance of Soil Cover
0.15m minimum vegetation cover/layer

0.45m minimum
final cover

0.15m (optional) grading layer or gas collection layer

• Covering material of soil, inert/stable or clay material

• Final cover of at least 60 centimeters compacted soil
• The topsoil will:
• serve as protection layer for the compacted soil cover
• support plant growth
• barrier to reduce entry of water into the waste pile
• minimize gas migration
• minimize the emission of odors
• prevent animals from getting into the underlying waste
 Provision of Drainage Control
System
• Peripheral canals or
ditches should be
constructed around the
site to divert runoff
• To prevent contact of
the waste pile with
water thereby reducing
the potential for
leachate generation.
Leachate Management
• Canal or ditch built at the points of exit of the leachate from the waste
pile
• Evaporation or re-circulation may be allowed in small working areas
• Treatment for collected leachate
• Natural attenuation maybe resorted to for small quantities of leachate
• The contaminated liquid must not be allowed to drain into streams or
natural bodies of water
up gradient down gradient
groundwater groundwater
monitoring well monitoring well

groundwater
flow
Gas Management
• In the case of gas, vents made up of local materials such as
bamboo or PVC pipes may be installed at selected points
within the waste pile. As a general rule, vents may be spaced
50 meters apart.

vent pipes
up gradient down gradient
groundwater groundwater
monitoring well monitoring well

groundwater
flow
Fencing and Security
• Fence around the dumpsite to prevent unauthorized entry of waste
pickers, children and illegal settlers and stray animals.
• Extent of fencing dictated by field condition
• Natural materials such as shrubs or fast growing trees may be used
particularly in rural areas
• Regular visits by an LGU designated security can be undertaken to
deter illegal dumping.
Prohibition of burning at the
dumpsite
• Burning should be controlled at once and prohibited
at the dumpsite
Putting up of Signage
An appropriate sign
indicating following
messages should be
put up at a conspicuous
place near or at the
entry section of the
dumpsite:

• Name of dumpsite
• Status of operation
• Prohibition of burning,
squatting, children
 • DENR Admin Order
DENR Administrative Order 10-2006:
Guidelines on the
Categorized Disposal Facilities

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Proposed Minimum Features For Disposal Category Levels

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Features
≤ 15 tpd > 15 tpd, ≤ > 75 tpd, ≤ > 200 tpd
75 tpd 200 tpd
Daily & Intermediate
X X X X
Soil Cover

Embankment/ Cell
X X X X
Separation

Drainage Facility X X X X

Gas Venting X X X X

RRRollan 2005
Proposed Minimum features for Disposal Category Levels

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Features
≤ 15 tpd > 15 tpd, ≤ > 75 tpd, ≤ 200 > 200 tpd
75 tpd tpd

Leachate
x x x x
Collection

Combination of
Leachate physical,
Pond System Pond system Pond System
Treatment biological &
chemical
Leachate At a later
At a later stage of At a later stage of
Re- stage of Treatment
operation operation
circulation operation

RRRollan 2005
Proposed Minimum features for Disposal Category Levels
Category 2 Category 3
Category 1 Category 4
Features > 15 tpd, ≤ 75 > 75 tpd, ≤
≤ 15 tpd > 200 tpd
tpd 200 tpd
At least 60 cm At least 75 cm
thick, thick,
Clay liner
permeability of permeability of
10-5 cm / sec 10-6 cm/sec
Clay liner at
Clay liner at
least 75 cm
least 75 cm
thick with a
thick with a
permeability
Liner permeability
of 10-7
of 10-7
Clay liner cm/sec or 1.5
cm/sec or 1.5
and/or mm HDPE
HDPE over
synthetic liner over 60 cm
60 cm clay
clay with
with
permeability
permeability
no less than
no less than
10-7cm/sec
10-6 cm/sec
RRRollan 2005
National Solid Waste Management
Strategies
Guidelines on the Clustering of Local Government Units (LGUs) on
Common Ecological Solid Waste (ESWM) System
 Guidelines Governing The Establishment And Operation Of
Waste-to-Energy Technologies For Municipal Solid Wastes

Objective: to provide guidelines on

environmentally-sound evaluation,
establishment, operation and de-commissioning
or closure of waste-to-energy (WTE)
technologies for the management of municipal
solid wastes.

Scope and Coverage: The guidelines set the

registration and permitting requirements,
standards and procedures on the establishment
and operation of commercial-scale WTE
combustion technologies utilizing municipal solid
wastes, which include among others.

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Guidelines on the Review and Approval of the 10-
year Solid Waste Management Plans of Local
Government Units
NSWMC Resolution No. 8 S. 2006

• LGU prepares 10-year

SWM plans pursuant to
NSWMC guidelines
• Submits to EMB
Regional Offices for
initial review and
evaluation.
LGU
EMB Region • NSWMCs conducts final review
• RETURN unsatisfactory plans to
• RETURN unsatisfactory EMB Region
plans to LGU • SCHEDULE with Committee
• SUBMIT evaluated (formerly TWG) for deliberation
plans to NSWMC • Recommends Approval to the
through the Commission (en-banc)
secretariat/EMB-SWMD
NSWMC
Creation of an Executive Committee For The Review And
Deliberation Of The 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plans

• created during the NSWMC meeting held on June 29, 2018 as moved by the NGO representative
and seconded by the Representative of the Department of Health
• To deliberate on the 10-year SWM plans reviewed by the Environmental Management Bureau and
endorse to the NSWMC for approval
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Head: Recycling Industry Head: DOH Head: DENR

TESDA DPWH PIA

DOST DILG DA
MMDA LCP NGO
DTI LMP Liga ng mga Barangay
LPP Manufacturing Industry
 Guidelines on the Review and Approval of the 10-year Solid
Waste Management Plans of Local Government Units
NSWMC Resolution No. 39 S. 2009

Based on the results of the review, the

EMB Regional Office shall endorse
satisfactorily evaluated plans to the
Submission of swm plans to EMB
NSWMC Secretariat. The NSWMC
Regional Offices for evaluation
Secretariat, after checking the plan,
shall endorse to the respective
Committees for final evaluation.
The deliberated LGU SWM Plan
shall be presented by the
head/presiding officer of each
ExeCom group to the Commission
for approval.

***A simplified power point presentation of the LGU SWM Plan shall be presented to the ExeCom by the EMB
Regional Solid Waste Section with the LGU. A copy of the LGU SWM Plan shall be furnished by the NSWMC
Secretariat one (1) week before the scheduled meeting together with the evaluation sheet signed by the evaluator and
noted by the SWM Division Head/Executive Director of the Secretariat.
LGUs Role In
Implementing RA
9003
BARANGAYS
 Role of the Barangay
The law mandates the
creation of the BSWMC that
shall formulate and oversee
the effective & efficient
implementation of the SWM
Program by the Barangay

The BSWM Program must be consistent with the Ten Year

SWM Plan of the City/municipality.
The Barangay SWM Program

1. Segregation
at all
sources
The Barangay SWM Program

2. Collection of
biodegradable,
compostable &
reusable/
recyclable
wastes.
 The Barangay SWM Program

3. Establishment of a sustainable Materials Recovery

Facility/System in every barangay or cluster of barangays
 The Barangay SWM Program
The BSWM Program shall also Include:

4. Allocation of barangay funds for SWM;

5. Organization of the core coordinators to further strengthen

institutionalization of the program; and

6. Submission of monthly report to the city or municipality.

 CITIES &
MUNICIPALITIES
Role of the Cities & Municipalities
The law mandates the
creation of the SWM
Board, that will develop
and review the effectiveness
of the Ten-Year SWM Plan’s
implementation.
The LGUs implement the
Ten Year SWM Plan
approved by the
NSWMC
Section 16, RA 9003
Role of the Cities and Municipalities

Specifically under Section 10 of RA 9003,

the collection of non-recyclable materials
(residual wastes) and special wastes shall
be the responsibility of the municipality or
city.

Separate collection schedule or

compartmentalized vehicle must
be used for the collection of the
different types of wastes.(Sec.24)
 Management of Special Wastes
Special Wastes as defined in RA 9003 refers
to the household hazardous wastes from
residential and commercial sources and are
usually hauled separately from other
residential and commercial wastes.
 Final Disposal of Residuals : Sanitary Landfill (SLF)

❑Sanitary Landfill (SLF) provides control over significant potential environmental

impacts arising from the disposal operation as it considers the physical and
hydro-geologic attributes of the site prior to landfill development.
Final Disposal of Residuals: Sanitary Landfill

Clark Integrated Solid Waste Management System, Sub-Zone

Kalangitan, Clark Special Economic Zone
Final Disposal: Sanitary Landfill (SLF)

Methane recovery facility Leachate Pond

Wash bay

Clark Integrated Solid Waste Management System

PROVINCES
Role of the Province The law mandates the
Provincial
creation the
SWM Board, that will
develop and review
effectiveness of the Ten-Year
SWM Plan’s implementation.
The LGUs implement the
Ten Year SWM Plan
approved by the
NSWMC
Section 16, RA 9003
Role of the Province
• Among the most important roles of
the province is to allow for the
clustering of LGUs for the solution of
common SWM problems
• The first provincial led cluster SLF
located in the municipality of
Surralah was initiated by the
Province of South Cotabato.7/*
Solid Waste
Management
Situationer
Conceptual Framework of RA 9003
 Solid Waste Generation
Indicator National Metro Manila

Waste generation (per day) 40,000 tons/day 9,000 tons/day

Per capita 0.32 – 1.0 1.0 kg/cap/day

kg/cap/day

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SW Generation and Composition

Source: DENR-EMB-SWMD, 2014 State of the Brown Environment Report

 Status of Compliance As of January 2019

39.4% 675 10yr.

Section 16. Local Government Solid Waste Management Plans.
-- The province, city or municipality, through its local solid waste SWM
management boards, shall prepare its respective 10-year solid waste plans
management plans consistent with the National Solid Waste approved
Management Framework

That it shall be reviewed and updated every year by the provincial, city 53.2% 913 for
or municipal solid waste management board. evaluation
and
…..All local government solid waste management plans shall be subjected to pending
the approval of the Commission approval

7.4%
127 no
. submission
Materials Recovery Facility
 Status of Implementation
Section 32. Establishment of LGU
Materials Recovery Facility

• The facility shall be established in a barangay-owned

or leased land or any suitable open space to be 32% served by
determined by the barangay through its Sanggunian. MRFs
• The barangay or cluster of barangays shall allocate a
certain parcel of land for the MRF.
• The MRF shall receive mixed waste for final sorting,
segregation, composting, and recycling. 42,036 brgys
• The resulting residual wastes shall be transferred to a
long-term storage or disposal facility or sanitary
landfill.
 Management of Residuals
and Final Disposal Sites

• Closure and rehabilitation of all open and

controlled dumpsites (Section 37)

• Establishment of a Categorized Sanitary

Landfill and or use of alternative 165

353
technology management of residual
21.78
wastes

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 Illegal Dumpsites
82

57

33 35
31
27
19 21
17
11 10
8
2 0
0 0

R1 R2 R3 R4A R4B R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 Caraga NCR CAR ARMM

 Operational
Sanitary Landfills
34

22

16 16
14 14

10
9
8
6
5
4
3
2
1 1
0
R1 R2 R3 R4A R4B R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 Caraga NCR CAR ARMM
 Key information on SLFs in the Philippines
Year
Paramater
Feb.
2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
2019

Population of the
92,337,852 98,449,090 100,420,642 101,716,359 103,320,222 104,918,090 106,512,074
Philippines

Number of operating
33 72 86 101 118 135 165 165
SLFs

Number of LGUs with

78 130 154 228 248 293 353 353
access to SLFs

Percent of LGUs with

4.77% 7.96% 9.42% 13.95% 15.17% 17.93% 21.78% 21.78%
access to SLFs