How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2

Punching shear
The design value of the punching shear force, VEd, will usually be the
support reaction at the ultimate limit state. In principle the design
for punching shear in Eurocode 2 and BS 8110 is similar. The main
differences are as follows.
■ Standard factors for edge and corner columns that allow for
moment transfer (b) are greater in Eurocode 2. However, b can
be calculated directly from Expressions (6.38) to (6.46) of the
Eurocode to give more efficient designs.

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 7. Flat slabs

■ In Eurocode 2 the maximum value of shear at the column face is
not limited to 5 MPa, and depends on the concrete strength used.
■ With Eurocode 2 the permissible shear resistance when using shear
links is higher, although such designs may not be economic or
desirable.
As an alternative to using shear links, proprietary shear stud rails
may be used. Eurocode 2 (Figure 6.22) allows them to be laid out
in a radial or cruciform pattern and gives spacing requirements for
both. Other techniques are available for increasing punching shear
resistance and these are covered in a best practice guide10.

■ The control perimeters for rectangular columns in Eurocode 2 have

Figure 6
rounded corners. Procedure for determining punching shear capacity
■ Where shear reinforcement is required the procedure in Eurocode 2
is simpler; the point at which no shear reinforcement is required can
START
be calculated directly and then used to determine the extent of the
area over which shear reinforcement is required.
Determine value of factor β
■ It is assumed that the reinforcement will be in a radial arrangement. (refer to Figure 7 or Expressions (6.38) to (6.46)
of the Eurocode)
However, the reinforcement can be laid on a grid provided the
spacing rules are followed.
Determine value of vEd,max
The procedure for determining the punching shear requirements is (design shear stress at face of column) from:
shown in Figure 6. vEd,max = β VEd /(ui deff)
where ui is perimeter of column
deff = (dy + dz)/2 (dy and dz
are the effective depths in orthogonal directions)

Determine value of vRd,max from Table 7

No
Is vEd,max ≤ vRd,max? Redesign slab

Yes

Determine value of vEd, (design shear stress) from:

vEd,max = β VEd /(ui deff)
where u1 is length of control perimeter (see Figure 8)

Determine concrete punching shear capacity

(without shear reinforcement), vRD,c from Table 8
where r l = (r ly r lz)0.5
(r ly, r lz are the reinforcement ratios in two orthogonal
directions for fully bonded tension steel, taken over a
width equal to column width plus 3d each side.)

No Punching shear
Is vEd > vRd,c? reinforcement not
required

Yes

Determine area of punching shear reinforcement per perimeter

from:
Asw = (vEd – 0.75vRd,c)sr u1/(1.5 fywd,ef)
where
sr is the radial spacing of shear reinforcement (see Figure 9)
fywd,ef = 250 + 0.25 deff ≤ fywd (see Table 9)

Determine the length of the outer perimeter where shear

reinforcement not required from:
uout,ef = b VEd/(vRd,c d)

Determine layout of punching shear reinforcement

(see ‘Spacing of punching shear reinforcement’
Section and Figure 9).

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How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2

Table 7 Table 9 Figure 7

Values for vRd, max Values for fywd,ef Recommended standard values for b
fck vRd, max deff fywd,ef
20 3.31 150 288 Corner column
25 4.05 175 294
b = 1.5
28 4.48 200 300
30 4.75 225 306
32 5.02 250 313
35 5.42 275 319 Edge column Internal column
40 6.05 300 325
45 6.64 325 331 b = 1.4 b = 1.15

50 7.20 350 338

Table 8
vRd,c resistance of members without shear reinforcement, MPa
rI Effective depth, d (mm)

≤200 225 250 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 750
0.25% 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.36
0.50% 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45
0.75% 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.51
1.00% 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57
1.25% 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.63 0.61
1.50% 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.67 0.65
1.75% 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.68
≥ 2.00% 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.71
Figure 9
k 2.000 1.943 1.894 1.853 1.816 1.756 1.707 1.667 1.632 1.577 1.516 Punching shear layout
Notes
1 Table derived from: v Rd,c = 0.12 k (100r I fck)1/3 ≥ 0.035 k1.5 fck 0.5 where
k = 1 + R(200/d) ≤ 2 and r I = R(r ly + r lz) ≤ 0.02, r ly = Asy/(bd) and r lz = Asz/(bd) Outer perimeter of shear Outer control
reinforcement perimeter
2 This table has been prepared for fck = 30; u out
Where r I exceeds 0.40% the following factors may be used:

fck 25 28 32 35 40 45 50
Factor 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.19 ≤ 0.75d
A A
≤1.5d 0.5 d
≤1.5 d
(2 d if > 2d
sr
from column)
Figure 8 st
Typical basic control perimeters around loaded areas

u1

u1 2d sr ≤ 0.75 d
2d
Outer control
≤ 0.5 d perimeter
bz kd

by
Section A - A

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